United Nations Mission in Liberia
UNMIL | |
---|---|
operation area | Liberia |
German name | United Nations Mission in Liberia |
English name | United Nations Mission in Liberia |
French name | Mission des Nations unies au Libéria |
Spanish name | Misión de las Naciones Unidas en Liberia |
Based on UN resolution | 1509 (September 19, 2003) |
Other UN resolutions | 2116 (September 18, 2013) |
Beginning | September 2003 |
The End | March 2018 |
management | Moustapha Soumaré, Louis M. Aucoin ( Ellen Margrethe Løj ( Denmark ) until 01/2012) |
Operating strength (min.) | 15,160 military personnel, 250 military observers, 1,115 civilian members |
Operating strength (max.) | 15,250 military personnel, 1,375 civilian personnel |
Military out | |
Police off | |
Deaths | 200 (as of May 31, 2017) |
costs | US $ 476,329,800 (July 1, 2013 - June 30, 2014) |
Location of the operational area |
The United Nations Mission in Liberia ( UNMIL ) was that of 2003 continued through 2018 Peace Mission United Nations in Liberia .
background
Liberia's President Charles Taylor resigned from his post on August 11, 2003 , due to international pressure and because the civil war parties fighting against him now controlled a large part of the country and went into exile in Nigeria . A peacekeeping force from the West African Economic Community ECOWAS and a small contingent from the United States Marine Corps were temporarily stationed in the country.
tasks
The Resolution 1509 of the UN Security Council , adopted on 19 September 2003, created the legal basis for the mission UNMIL, which is to ensure security in Liberia until the restoration of constitutional order. The troop strength was set at 15,000 soldiers and 1,115 police officers. The effective strength in December 2004 was 14,541 soldiers.
The mission is to enable the refugees to return and to disarm the various rebel groups. To this end, it is supposed to coordinate the reconstruction of state institutions and the economy shattered by the civil war.
With Resolution 2116 of the UN Security Council of September 18, 2013, the mandate was redefined and extended until September 30, 2014.
The mission's mandate expired for the last time on March 30, 2018. The mission has been completed.
course
The mission began on October 1, 2003. About 3,600 soldiers from ECOWAS were taken over. Head of the mission with the title of Special Envoy of the Secretary-General of the United Nations was initially Jacques Paul Klein (USA), until the British Alan Doss took over the management of UNMIL from July 20, 2005 to mid-January 2008. The successor is the Danish Ellen Margrethe Løj, former ambassador of her country to the United Nations (UN) and chairwoman of the UN Sanctions Committee for Liberia. Since February 1, 2012, the mission has been led by Moustapha Soumaré (Deputy Special Representative of the Secretary-General for Recovery and Governance) and Louis M. Aucoin (Deputy Special Representative of the Secretary-General for Rule of Law).
Of the approximately 330,000 Liberians who fled to neighboring countries, around 114,000 had returned by April 2005. In addition, the number of internally displaced persons was estimated at 450,000, of whom over a third were able to return to their hometowns or were resettled.
Presidential elections were held on October 11, 2005. Since none of the candidates achieved an absolute majority, a second ballot between the two best-placed candidates, Ellen Johnson-Sirleaf and George Weah , was necessary on November 8, 2005, in which the former prevailed. The interim President Gyude Bryant , who had been in office since October 2005 , was replaced in January 2006: Johnson-Sirleaf became the first female head of state in Africa.
In November 2005, the UN Security Council authorized UNMIL to arrest former President Taylor and transfer him to the Special Court for Sierra Leone in Freetown in case he should return to Liberia. Taylor was arrested on March 29, 2006 while leaving his exile in Nigeria on the border with Cameroon and imprisoned in Sierra Leone. For security reasons, the process was moved to the Netherlands and officially opened on June 4, 2007. On April 26, 2012, the judges found him guilty. Taylor is the first African head of state to be held accountable for war crimes by an international tribunal.
States involved
A total of 49 countries are participating in the mission, including
- Original ECOWAS contingent: Benin - Gambia - Ghana - Guinea-Bissau - Mali - Nigeria - Senegal - Togo
- Further contingents: Ethiopia - Bangladesh - China - Germany - Ireland - Jordan - Namibia - Nepal - Pakistan - Philippines - Sweden - Ukraine
Force Commander
No. | Surname | nationality | Beginning of the appointment | End of appointment | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1. | Lieutenant General Daniel Opande | Kenya | Oct 2003 | Dec 2005 | Previously also Force Commander UNAMSIL |
2. | Lieutenant General Chikadibia Obiakor | Nigeria | Dec 2005 | Oct 2008 | Previously already ECOMOG brigade commander |
3. | Lieutenant General ATM Zahirul Alam | Bangladesh | Oct 2008 | Oct 2009 | |
4th | Lieutenant General Sikander Afzal | Pakistan | Oct 2009 | Nov 2010 | |
5. | Major General Muhammad Khalid | Pakistan | Nov 2010 | Nov. 2012 | |
6th | Major General Leonard Muriuki Ngondi | Kenya | Nov. 2012 | Feb. 2015 | Later also Force Commander UNAMID |
7th | Major General Salihu Zaway Uba | Nigeria | Feb. 2015 | March 2018 |
German participation
From May 1, 2005 to August 1, 2007, a THW team was responsible for the maintenance and repair of the generators of the UN peacekeeping force, thereby ensuring the power supply for the peacekeeping mission.
Up to five German police officers have been on site since November 2004 and support the reconstruction of Liberian police forces with democratic standards.
On May 21, 2015, the Bundestag passed a mandate that allows up to five Bundeswehr soldiers to participate in the mission. The mandate ends on December 31, 2016. On May 27, 2015, Brigadier General Dirk Faust took over the post of Deputy Force Commander for twelve months. He is supported by two other German officers at the multinational UN headquarters.
Web links
- Official website of UNMIL. (English).
- Further information. (English).
- Bundeswehr TV: UNMIL - deployment of the Bundeswehr in Liberia ( YouTube video, February 22, 2016)
Individual evidence
- ↑ UNMIL Fact Sheet. Retrieved April 14, 2018 .
- ↑ (4) Fatalities by Mission and Incident Type. (No longer available online.) Archived from the original on October 4, 2017 ; accessed on January 16, 2019 .
- ↑ UNMIL completes its mandate in a now peaceful Liberia. Retrieved January 16, 2019 .
- ↑ SECRETARY-GENERAL APPOINTS LIEUTENANT-GENERAL DANIEL OPANDE OF KENYA AS FORCE COMMANDER OF UNITED NATIONS MISSION IN LIBERIA. In: www.un.org. UN DKPO, September 30, 2003, accessed March 22, 2018 .
- ↑ SECRETARY-GENERAL APPOINTS LIEUTENANT GENERAL CHIKADIBIA ISAAC OBIAKOR OF NIGERIA FORCE COMMANDER OF LIBERIA MISSION. In: www.un.org. UN DKPO, December 5, 2005, accessed on March 22, 2018 .
- ↑ SECRETARY-GENERAL INTENDS TO APPOINT LIEUTENANT GENERAL ATM ZAHIRUL ALAM OF BANGLADESH FORCE COMMANDER OF UNITED NATIONS MISSION IN LIBERIA. In: www.un.org. UN DKPO, October 17, 2008, accessed on March 22, 2018 .
- ^ Secretary-General Appoints Lieutenant General Sikander Afzal of Pakistan as Force Commander for United Nations Mission in Liberia. In: www.un.org. UN DKPO, October 23, 2009, accessed on March 22, 2018 .
- ^ Secretary-General Appoints Major General Muhammad Khalid of Pakistan as Force Commander for United Nations Mission in Liberia. In: www.un.org. UN DKPO, October 13, 2010, accessed on March 22, 2018 .
- ↑ SECRETARY-GENERAL APPOINTMENTS Secretary-General Appoints Major General Salihu Zaway Uba of Nigeria as Force Commander for United Nations Mission in Liberia. In: www.un.org. United Nations, January 9, 2015, accessed March 22, 2018 .
- ↑ Liberia 2005 - 2007. Retrieved June 23, 2015 .
- ^ The Federal Police: United Nations Mission in Liberia (UNMIL). (No longer available online.) Archived from the original on June 23, 2015 ; accessed on June 23, 2015 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Bundestag resolves to participate in UNMIL. Retrieved June 23, 2015 .