Medium winter cress

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Medium winter cress
Barbarea intermedia 02.jpg

Medium winter cress ( Barbarea intermedia )

Systematics
Eurosiden II
Order : Cruciferous (Brassicales)
Family : Cruciferous vegetables (Brassicaceae)
Tribe : Cardamineae
Genre : Barbara Herbs ( Barbarea )
Type : Medium winter cress
Scientific name
Barbarea intermedia
Boreau

The medium winter cress ( Barbarea intermedia ), also called medium barbara herb, is a species of the genus Barbara herbs ( Barbarea ) within the cruciferous family (Brassicaceae). It is mainly found in Western Europe.

description

The mean winter cress is a hibernating green, biennial herbaceous plant that reaches heights of 25 to 75 centimeters. One or more stems, usually branched (in the upper area), angular, bare or with a few trichomes , sometimes overflowing with purple at the bottom, are found on a specimen . The leaves are arranged in a basal rosette and alternately distributed on the stem. The basal leaves are simple or have three to five pairs of narrow, elongated or linear side sections and a large, rounded to wedge-shaped end section. The upper stem leaves are eyed at their base, pinnately split with two to four pairs of sometimes linear side sections.

The hermaphrodite flowers are fourfold. The four sepals are 2 to 3.5 millimeters long. The four free petals are 4 to 7 millimeters long. The sloping pod is 15 to 35, rarely up to 40 millimeters long. On the fruit, the style is 0.6 to 1.6, rarely up to 1.7 millimeters long.

The species has chromosome number 2n = 16.

ecology

The mean winter cress is a hemicryptophyte .

There is insect pollination and self-pollination . The seeds are spread by the wind.

Medium winter cress ( Barbarea intermedia )

Occurrence

The average winter cress is mainly found in Western Europe. It is an Atlantic-sub-Mediterranean floral element . Its original area extends from Morocco and Algeria and from northern Portugal to northern France to Belgium, the Netherlands to the Rhine region in the north. Their status in northeast Africa and the Himalayas is unclear. It is a neophyte in Central Europe, Northern Europe and Slovenia. It is also a neophyte in Kenya, Uganda, Ethiopia, India, Bhutan, Nepal, Pakistan, Turkey, China, Australia, and New Zealand.

They are very rarely found in Central Europe in Schleswig-Holstein , on the lower reaches of the Elbe , Weser and Ems , in the Weser Uplands , on the central Neckar and in the foothills of the Alps , in the central Swiss Jura , in the Valais and on the southern foot of the Alps (east to around Aosta Valley ). It is sensitive to frost and therefore occurs mainly on the left bank of the Rhine in Germany ; however, it is rare here.

The average winter cress needs nutrient-rich , nitrogen-containing , at least moderately moist soils , which can be sandy , loamy or clayey . It populates banks, wasteland and paths, but also goes to fields - less often in gardens. In Central Europe it occurs mainly in societies of the order Polygono-Chenopodietalia, less often in those of the associations Alliarion, Agropyro-Rumicion or Sisymbrion. In the Allgäu Alps, it rises to an altitude of 1980 meters.

literature

  • Otto Schmeil , Jost Fitschen (greeting), Siegmund Seybold: The flora of Germany and the neighboring countries. A book for identifying all wild and frequently cultivated vascular plants. 95th edition. Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2011, ISBN 978-3-494-01498-2 .
  • Oskar Sebald, Siegmund Seybold, Georg Philippi (Hrsg.): The fern and flowering plants of Baden-Württemberg. Volume 2: Special part (Spermatophyta, subclass Dilleniidae): Hypericaceae to Primulaceae. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 1990, ISBN 3-8001-3312-1 .
  • Dietmar Aichele, Heinz-Werner Schwegler: The flowering plants of Central Europe. 2nd Edition. Volume 3, Franckh-Kosmos, Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-440-08048-X .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g h i Medium winter cress. In: FloraWeb.de.
  2. ↑ a b Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . 8th edition. Stuttgart, Verlag Eugen Ulmer, 2001. Page 464. ISBN 3-8001-3131-5
  3. ^ A b c d Barbarea in Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved July 21, 2017.
  4. ↑ Erhard Dörr, Wolfgang Lippert : Flora of the Allgäu and its surroundings. Volume 1, IHW, Eching 2001, ISBN 3-930167-50-6 , p. 578.

Web links

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