Barbara's Herbs
| Barbara's Herbs | ||||||||||||
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Real barbara herb ( Barbarea vulgaris ) |
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| Systematics | ||||||||||||
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Barbarea | ||||||||||||
| WTAiton |
The plant genus Barbarakräuter ( Barbarea ), also called winter cress, belongs to the cruciferous family (Brassicaceae).
description
Vegetative characteristics
The Barbarea species rarely grow as annual , usually biennial or perennial , herbaceous plants . The perennial species often form rhizomes as persistent organs. The parts of the plant are not or sparsely covered with simple trichomes (plant hairs). The upright to sometimes lying stems are often angular and branched.
The leaves ( phyllotaxis ), which are arranged in basal rosettes as well as on the stem, are stalked or sessile with smooth, notched, lobed, rarely serrated or wavy leaf margins . The basal leaves are usually lyre-shaped to pinnate, rarely simple. The stem leaves are stalked or sessile, sometimes with ears or around the stem, lyre-shaped to pinnate or simply with serrated, lobed or smooth leaf margins .
Generative characteristics
The racemose inflorescences are single or grouped together in umbrella racemes and contain many flowers . The inflorescences usually lengthen significantly or rarely only slightly until the fruit is ripe. The inflorescence rhachis is striped. Bracts are rarely present. The slender or squat flower stalks are bulky or upright when the fruit is ripe, sometimes missing.
The hermaphrodite flowers are radially symmetrical to zygomorphic , fourfold with double perianth . The four spread to rarely upright sepals are mostly elongated, rarely ovoid or linear and sometimes long-lasting. The four bright to light yellow, rarely creamy white petals are at least as long as the sepals, spatulate or obverse-lanceolate and nailed clearly set off. There are a total of six stamens in two circles . The sometimes yellow stamens are widened. The anthers are elongated. There are four nectar glands , the lateral glands being ring-shaped and the central glands being tooth-shaped. The ovary contains about 10 to 50 ovules . The stylus can be barely recognizable or can be clearly developed with a length of 5 mm. The scar is heady or sometimes slightly bilobed.
There are stalked to rarely sessile, mostly elongated or rarely elliptical-elongated pods with a round or square cross-section, which are smooth or have small bulges. The usually bald or rarely fluffy hairy valves have a prominent main nerve and distinct side nerves. The replum is rounded and the sometimes wide septum is fully developed. The seeds laid out in a row or almost two rows are thick or slightly flattened and can be winged and edged. The seed coat is reticulated or seldom warty and does not become sticky or slimy when wet.
The basic chromosome number is x = 8.
Systematics and distribution
The genus Barbarea occurs naturally with 20 species from Europe to southeast Asia, in North America and with two species in Australia. With the exception of the two Australian species, they are found in the temperate latitudes of the northern hemisphere . Some species are neophytes in many parts of the world .
The valid genus name Barbarea was in 1812 by William Townsend Aiton in William Aiton and William Townsend Aiton: Hortus Kewensis; or, a Catalog of the Plants Cultivated in the Royal Botanic Garden at Kew. London , 2nd edition, 4, p. 109 with the type species Barbarea vulgaris WTAiton published ; Robert Brown is sometimes cited as the author in this work, but nothing proves his authorship. Barbarea W.T. Aiton was against the previously published homonym Barbarea Scop. , nom. rej. preserved (Vienna ICBN Art. 14.10 & App. III and Vienna ICBN Art. 53). A synonym for Barbarea W.T. Aiton is Campe Dulac . The genus Barbarea belongs to the tribe Cardamineae within the cruciferous family (Brassicaceae).
The genus Barbarea contains about 22 species (selection):
- Barbarea arisanense (Hayata) SSYing : Home is Taiwan.
- Barbarea australis J.D. Hook. : It is endemic to Tasmania . This species is endangered; of the original eight sites, only four populations with a maximum of 50 specimens still exist.
- Barbarea bosniaca Murb. : It is native to Bosnia and neighboring areas.
- Wrapper winter cress ( Barbarea bracteosa Guss. ): It is native to the central Mediterranean region.
- Barbarea conferta Boiss. & Hero. : It is native to the mountains of central and southern Greece.
- Barbarea grayi Hewson : It only thrives in the mountains in the Australian states of Victoria and New South Wales .
- Barbarea hongii Al-Shehbaz & G.Yang : This species is only known from its first discovery on basalt rock at altitudes of around 1700 meters in the Chinese province of Jilin .
- Middle Barbara herb ( Barbarea intermedia Boreau ): The distribution area is southern and central Europe (including southern Germany) and Asia Minor .
- Barbarea longirostris Velen. : Home is the central area of the Balkan Peninsula .
- Barbarea macrocarpa (Boiss.) Al-Shehbaz & Jacquemoud : Home is the Middle East with Lebanon and Syria.
- Barbarea orthoceras Ledeb. : Originally home is California , but it can now be found in large parts of North America and other parts of the world.
- Barbarea rupicola Moris : It is endemic to Corsica and Sardinia.
- Barbarea sicula C. Presl : The home is Sardinia and Sicily.
- Stiff barbara herb ( Barbarea stricta Andrz. ): The natural range is Central, Eastern, Southern Europe and Asia. It is a neophyte in many parts of the world .
- Barbarea taiwaniana Ohwi : It only thrives above the tree line in crevices, sunny rocky areas or under Abies species at altitudes between 3200 and 4000 meters in Taiwan .
- Spring barbara herb or early barbara herb, early winter cress ( Barbarea verna (Mill.) Asch. , Syn .: Barbarea praecox (Sm.) WTAiton , Erysimum vernum Mill. ): The natural home is south-western Europe, Asia, North and South Africa . It has been cultivated for a long time and has become overgrown in many parts of the world.
- Real barbara herb , real winter cress or common winter cress ( Barbarea vulgaris WTAiton , Syn .: Barbarea arcuata (Opiz ex J.Presl & C.Presl) Rchb. , Barbarea vulgaris var. Arcuata (Opiz ex J.Presl & C.Presl) Fr. , Barbarea vulgaris var. Brachycarpa Rouy & Foucaud , Barbarea vulgaris var. Longisiliquosa Carion , Barbarea vulgaris var. Sylvestris Fr. , Campe barbarea (L.) W. Weight ex Piper , Erysimum arcuatum Opiz ex J. Presl & C. Presl , Erysimum barbarea L. ): It is native to almost all of Europe except for a few islands and also in Asia and North Africa. It is a neophyte in many parts of the world.
Illustrations
Illustration of the common barbara herb ( Barbaraea vulgaris )
swell
- Ihsan Ali Al-Shehbaz : Barbarea in the Flora of North America , Volume 7, 2010, p. 460: Online. (Section description and systematics)
- Tai-yien Cheo, Lianli Lu, Guang Yang, Ihsan Al-Shehbaz & Vladimir Dorofeev: Brassicaceae in der Flora of China , Volume 8, 2001, p. 86: Barbarea - Online. (Section description and systematics)
Individual evidence
- ^ A b Barbarea in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
- ^ Barbarea in Flora Europaea .
- ↑ Barbarea australis at EPBC Act List of Threatened Flora - Department of the Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts , Australia.
- ^ Barbarea australis Flora Recovery Plan 1999-2002
