Mourvedre

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Monastrell
Synonyms Mourvèdre - for more see the Synonyms section
Monastrell
Art Grape vine ( Vitis vinifera subsp. Vinifera )
Berry color black
use
origin Spain
VIVC no. 7915
List of grape varieties
Mourvedre vine in Stellenbosch , South Africa

Mourvèdre is a red wine variety that is mainly found in Spain and southern France , but is also grown in Australia and California . This grape variety originally comes from Spain , where it used to be called Mataro and today it is called Monastrell (in Spanish) or Monestrell (in Catalan). It is mainly used as waste , e.g. B. for the Châteauneuf-du-Pape and other wines from the southern Rhône . In France they are only found in single varieties in the Bandol , in Spain mostly in the rather hot areas of Jumilla and Yecla or in the Rosé Cavas .

history

Large parts of France were planted with the high-quality grape variety before phylloxera and powdery mildew penetrated . However, it was passed over during the reconstruction after the two disasters in favor of more robust varieties. In Spain, on the other hand, it is widespread on the Mediterranean coast and the main variety around Valencia . The French name, and thus also the German name, is derived from the small, old wine town of Murviedro near Valencia.

In the literature, the Mourvèdre variety is often confused with the Graciano grape variety , as one of the synonyms of Graciano is also Morrastel.

distribution

France

Production area in France: 9,494 hectares (as of 2007) after only 7,633 hectares were surveyed in 2005.

Yield areas are in the Var, Aude, Vaucluse, Hérault, Gard, Pyrénées-Orientales, Bouches-du-Rhône, Drôme, Alpes-de-Haute-Provence and Corsica departments. The Mourvèdre grape variety is available in the appellations Bandol , Cassis , Châteauneuf-du-Pape , Corbières , Costières de Nîmes , Coteaux d'Aix-en-Provence , Coteaux de Pierrevert , Coteaux du Tricastin , Coteaux Varois en Provence , Côtes de Provence , Côtes du Luberon , Côtes du Rhône , Côtes du Rhône Villages , Côtes du Roussillon , Côtes du Roussillon-Villages , Côtes du Ventoux , Faugères , Fitou , Gigondas , Les Baux-de-Provence , Lirac , Minervois , Minervois-La-Livinière , Palette , Roquebrun , Saint-Chinian , Tavel , Vacqueyras and Vin de Corse .

Because it brings firmness and core to mixed wines, it is generally on the rise again there.

Spain

Yield area in Spain: 63,100 hectares (as of 2007). This amount was named by the Ministry of Agriculture. The extent to which certain vineyards should actually be assigned to Graciano due to an incorrect assignment of synonyms has not been clarified.

In addition to the areas of Bullas , Jumilla and Yecla, it is also grown in Catalonia . The Gran Reserva wines from Catalonia in particular can mature over decades.

In contrast, it is on the decline in California and Australia, where it has been grown for 130 years, because other flavors are in vogue there. It is also known in Algeria and Tunisia .

See also the articles Viticulture in Spain , Viticulture in France , Viticulture in Australia , Viticulture in the United States , Viticulture in Algeria , Viticulture in Italy and Viticulture in Tunisia, as well as the list of grape varieties .

Ampelographic varietal characteristics

In ampelography , the habitus is described as follows:

  • The shoot tip is open. It is woolly hairy with a slightly reddish tinge. The yellowish young leaves are densely hairy.
  • The large leaves are rounded and not curved. The stem bay is shaped like a lyre. The sheet is serrated. The leaf surface (also called blade) is only slightly blistered.
  • The cone-shaped grape is medium-sized (on average approx. 240 grams), dense berries and sometimes shouldered. The round berries are small and almost black in color. The berries taste very bitter

The Mourvèdre drives late. This usually avoids any spring frosts and thrives on medium-good plains or on the lower slopes. The flowering time is also late. The grape variety ripens around 35 days after the Gutedel and therefore very late. This makes them suitable for growing in hot areas and growing them is already rather difficult in Provence. Only in Bandol does she find the microclimate that suits her.

The Mourvèdre is very sensitive to the genuine and downy mildew .

The variety is mostly brought up using the cup method (→ Gobelet ). The yield is usually poor. By means of an intensive clone selection , it has now been possible to select plants which, with sufficiently high quality, permit yields of over 30 hectoliters / hectare. 16 clones have been approved so far, of which 3 are grown in significant quantities: n ° 0233, n ° 0244, n ° 0245, n ° 0246, n ° 0247, n ° 0248, n ° 0250, n ° 0251, n ° 0448 , n ° 0449, n ° 0450 and n ° 0520.

Mourvédre delivers a tannin-rich, dark-colored wine that needs a long bottle aging to reduce the astringency . It is so aromatic that it goes well with dishes of Mediterranean cuisine that are intensely seasoned with herbs.

Synonyms

The variety, which is widespread worldwide, led to a large number of synonyms: Alcallata, Alcayata, Alicante (in Andalusia), Arach Sap, Balsac, Balthazar, Balzac (in Charente), Balzac Noir, Balzar, Beausset, Benada, Benadu, Beni Carlo , Berardi, Bod, Bon Avis (corruption of the synonym Buona Vise), Bonavis, Buona Vise (good seedling), Casca, Catalan (in the Bouches-du-Rhône department), Cayata, Caymilari Sarda, Charmet, Charnet, Churret, Clairette Noir , Clairette Noire, Damas Noir, De Reyno, Del Reino, Del Reyno, Drug, English Colossal, Espagne, Espagnen (Ardèche), Espar (Hérault), Esparte, Estrangle Chien, Estranglechien, Etrangle Chien, Etranglechien, Flouron, Flourous, Flouroux , Garrut, Gayata, Gayata Tinta, Giro Alacant, Gros Mourvede, Kaldaretta, Karis, Mando, Manechal, Maneschaou, Marseillais, Mataro, Maurostel, Mechin, Merle d'Espagne, Monastre, Monastrel, Monastrell Garrut, Monastrell Menudo, Monastrell Morastell, Morrastel , Morrastrell, Morrstel, Morvede, M orves, Mourvede, Mourvedon, Mourvedre, Mourvedre Famellestadt, Mourvegue, Mourves, Mourveze, Mourviedre, Mouvedre Famellestadt, Murvedr Espar, Murvedro, Murviedro, Negre, Negre Trinchiera, Negrette (but not to be confused with the grape variety Négrette , Negrette , Negria) Neyron, Piémontais (in the Vaucluse department), Pinot Fleri, Plant De Ledenon, Plant de Saint Gilles (in the Gard department), Plant de St Grilles, Reina, Ros, Rossola Nera (in Corsica), Rossolo Nera, Spar, Tinta, Tintilla , Tintillo, Tintillo de Luxar, Tinto, Tire Droit (in the Drôme, alluding to the vertical shoots), Torrentes, Trinchiera, Uva Tinta, Valcarcelia, Verema, Veremeta and Vereneta.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Les Cepages noirs dans le Vignoble (PDF) ( Memento from January 20, 2007 in the Internet Archive ), statistics on red grape varieties per greater region, part 1, publication by the Office National Interprofessionnel des Fruits, des Legumes, des Vins et de l'Horticulture - ONIVINS for short, as of 2008
  2. ↑ Les Cepages noirs dans le Vignoble (PDF) ( Memento of March 1, 2012 in the Internet Archive ), statistics on red grape varieties per Greater Region, Part 2, publication by the Office National Interprofessionnel des Fruits, des Legumes, des Vins et de l'Horticulture - ONIVINS for short, as of 2008
  3. ↑ Mourvèdre in the database Vitis International Variety Catalog of the Institute for Grapevine Breeding Geilweilerhof (English), accessed on May 16, 2020

literature

Web links

Commons : Mourvèdre  - collection of images, videos and audio files