Monochlorosilane

Structural formula
General
Surname	Monochlorosilane
other names	Silyl chloride Chlorosilane
Molecular formula	SiH 3 Cl
Brief description	colorless gas
External identifiers / databases
CAS number 13465-78-6 EC number 236-705-7 ECHA InfoCard 100.033.354 PubChem 61622 Wikidata Q1032486
properties
Molar mass	66.56 g mol −1
Physical state	gaseous
density	3.033 kg m −3 (gas at 0 ° C, 760 Torr) (air: 1.293 kg m −3 ) 1.145 g cm −3 (liquid at −113 ° C)
Melting point	−118 ° C
boiling point	−30 ° C
Vapor pressure	16.7 kPa (at 50 ° C)
solubility	reacts violently with water
safety instructions
GHS labeling of hazardous substances danger H and P phrases H: 220-280-260-331-314-318-371 P: ?
As far as possible and customary, SI units are used. Unless otherwise noted, the data given apply to standard conditions .

Monochlorosilane is an extremely flammable, corrosive and toxic gas that is heavier than air.

Extraction

Monochlorosilane can be prepared by chlorination of monosilane with hydrogen chloride in the presence of aluminum chloride as catalyst at elevated temperature prepared. 1 as a by-product: in addition chlorosilane produced in the ratio 4 dichlorosilane .

${\displaystyle \mathrm {SiH_{4}+\ HCl\ {\xrightarrow[{AlCl_{3}}]{100\,{}^{\circ }C,30h}}\ SiH_{3}Cl\ +\ H_{2}} }$

Production from silicon tetrachloride and lithium borohydride is also possible.

properties

Monochlorosilane is a colorless gas, the hydrolysis of which primarily produces silanol (hydroxosilane), but which spontaneously condenses to disiloxane .

use

Butylsilane can be obtained by reaction with n -butyllithium ( ⁿ BuLi) .

${\displaystyle {\ce {SiH3Cl + {}^{n}BuLi -> {}^{n}BuSiH3 + LiCl}}}$

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ^{a b c d} safety data sheet MONOCHLOROSILANE ( Memento from December 19, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) at REC Silicon (PDF; 210 kB).
2. ↑ ^{a b} Stock, A .; Somieski, C .: Siliciumwasserstoffe VI .: Chlorination and methylation of monosilane in Chem. Ber. 52 (1919) 695-724, doi: 10.1002 / cber.19190520410 .
3. ↑ ^{a b} entry on silanes. In: Römpp Online . Georg Thieme Verlag, accessed on April 4, 2013.
4. ^ Alfred Stock, Carl Somieski: Siliciumwasserstoffe VI .: Chlorination and methylation of the monosilane . In: Reports of the German Chemical Society (A and B Series) . tape 52 , no. 4 , April 12, 1919, p. 695 , doi : 10.1002 / cber.19190520410 .
5. ↑ Walter Glasmann: About the silicon suboxides Si2O3 and SiO: Zur Darst. U. Hydrolysis d. Chlorosilanes HSiCl ₃ u. H ₂ SiCl ₂ u. for the pyrolysis of their hydrolysates . 1962, OCLC 163333765 , pp. 29 ( limited preview in Google Book search).
6. ↑ Ralf Steudel : Chemistry of Non-Metals: From Structure and Bond to Application . Walter de Gruyter, 2008, ISBN 978-3-11-021128-3 , p. 288 ( limited preview in Google Book search).
7. ↑ Barry Arkles: Silanes. (PDF) Reprint from Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology, Forth Edition, Volume 22, Page 38-69. In: Gelest. P. 39 , accessed on December 10, 2016 (English).