Monte Baldo sedge

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Monte Baldo sedge
Monte baldo sedge (Carex baldensis)

Monte baldo sedge ( Carex baldensis )

Systematics
Monocots
Commelinids
Order : Sweet grass (Poales)
Family : Sourgrass family (Cyperaceae)
Genre : Sedges ( Carex )
Type : Monte Baldo sedge
Scientific name
Carex baldensis
L.

The Monte Baldo sedge ( Carex baldensis ) is a species of the genus of the sedge ( Carex ) within the sour grass family (Cyperaceae). This very rare but largely harmless endemic thrives on rocky locations in the Central and Eastern Alps . Its often pure white inflorescences are characteristic. Carex baldensis is the only kind of sedge that is pollinated by beetles in addition to the wind . Both the German common name and the specific epithet baldensisrefers to one of its growing places in Italy, the mountain ridge on Lake Garda called Monte Baldo .

description

Illustration on the right Carex baldensis

Vegetative characteristics

The Monte Baldo sedge is a perennial herbaceous plant that reaches heights of between 10 and 40 centimeters, sometimes up to 65 centimeters. It forms loose to dense lawns without runners . The smooth, indistinct triangular stem grows stiffly upright and is only leafed at the base. The gray-green, rigid and crowded leaves are between 2 and 4 millimeters wide. They are flat or folded, rough around the edges and curled at the top.

Generative characteristics

The flowering period extends from May to July. The Monte Baldo sedge is single sexed ( monoecious ). The terminal, head-like inflorescence is up to 2.5 centimeters long and measures 1 to 2.5 centimeters in diameter. The inflorescence bears at the base two to five up to 10 centimeters long and horizontally protruding or folded back bracts . It has three to nine densely packed whitish spikelets . These are all designed the same. The approximately 1 millimeter wide and 4 millimeter long, egg-shaped and many-flowered spikelets have single female flowers at the base and male flowers at the top. The whitish to yellowish, three- veined husks are elongated, triangular to ovate, tapered to a point and have a green keel. The male flowers have three stamens . The female flowers are equipped with a three pitted ovary . The 4 to 5 millimeter long, unbeaked fruit sacs (utriculi) are white to yellow-brown, elongated and bluntly triangular. They are shorter than the husks and have many nerves. The fruit is egg-shaped, sharp triangular and has concave sides.

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 90, less often 88.

ecology

The Monte Baldo sedge is a hemicryptophyte or geophyte . Like all other members of the Cyperaceae family, it is wind-flowered, but is the only sedge that is partially pollinated by beetles.

Occurrence

The Monte Baldo sedge has its main distribution in Italy between Lake Como and Lake Garda , extends eastward into Val Sugana in the Dolomites and southward to Lessini ( Veneto ) and into Grigna ( Lombardy ). Few other sites are in the Central Alps in Switzerland, also in North Tyrol (Austria) and in Bavaria in the Northern Limestone Alps. In Switzerland, the species is restricted to an area of ​​6 by 4 km in the Lower Engadine . In Germany it occurs only with a few outposts in the Ammergau Alps and in the Loisach Valley , which are completely isolated from the main area, to which the occurrences in North Tyrol are connected.

The Monte Baldo sedge occurs in Switzerland in the subalpine (-alpine) altitude range at altitudes of 2000 to 2400 meters, in Austria between 800 and 1500 meters, in Italy also from collin to montane, for example on Lake Como from around 70 meters. The Monte Baldo Sedge populates sunny, water-permeable stone lawns with little snow cover and early snowmelt from around May on limestone and dolomite rubble on stony, dry slopes and pastures as well as open, loose-grass, mountain pine forests and coppice bushes rich in heather . It is particularly sociable in the forest border area. Carex baldensis is a Kennart the plant community of the Blue Grass Horst harrow turf (Seslerio-Caricetum sempervirentis) is coming, but also in the Erika - Mountain pine wood (Erico-Pinetum montanae) and (petraeae pubescenti-Quercion) in downy oak forests before. Their focus is on dry to moderately fresh, lime-rich, humus-rich, low -nitrogen to low -nitrogen stone soils ( dolomite ).

The Monte Baldo sedge is a half-light to full-light plant as well as a cool pointer. Its ecological pointer values according to Ellenberg are L (light number) = 8, T (temperature number) = 3, K (continental number) = 5, F (humidity number) = 4, R (reaction number) = 8, N (nitrogen number) = 3, S ( Salt number) = 0.

Danger

The Monte Baldo sedge is classified as endangered in the IUCN 1998 for Europe and thus worldwide and is considered rare worldwide. Their populations are currently largely safe in their main northern Italian area. In Germany, their stocks were classified as "extremely rare" (R) in the nationwide Red List in 1996, but are not considered to be directly endangered, but are considered severely endangered in the Bavarian Red List of 2003 (2). In Switzerland, too, the populations of this species were considered potentially endangered, but were upgraded to vulnerable. It is very rare in Austria and is considered to be potentially endangered. In Germany it is specially protected under the Federal Species Protection Ordinance (BArtSchV) and also fully protected under the Swiss Species Protection Ordinance (ASchV).

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literature

  • Jürke Grau , Bruno P. Kremer, Bodo M. Möseler, Gerhard Rambold, Dagmar Triebel: Grasses. Sweet grasses, sour grasses, rushes and grass-like families in Europe (=  Steinbach's natural guide ). New, edit. Special edition edition. Mosaik, Munich 1996, ISBN 3-576-10702-9 .
  • Henning Haeupler, Thomas Muer: picture atlas of the fern and flowering plants of Germany . Ed .: Federal Agency for Nature Conservation (=  The fern and flowering plants of Germany . Volume 2 ). Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2000, ISBN 3-8001-3364-4 .
  • Christoph Käsermann: Carex baldensis L. - Monte Baldo Segge - Cyperaceae. In: Christoph Käsermann, Daniel M. Moser (Hrsg.): Information sheets on species protection - flowering plants and ferns. Federal Office for the Environment, Forests and Landscape, Bern 1999, pp. 98–99 (PDF file).
  • Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora . With the collaboration of Theo Müller. 7th, revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 1994, ISBN 3-8252-1828-7 .

Individual evidence

  1. ^ A b Carex baldensis L., Monte Baldo sedge. In: FloraWeb.de.
  2. ^ Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp. 171 .
  3. ↑ Dietmar Aichele, Heinz-Werner Schwegler: The flowering plants of Central Europe . 2nd Edition. tape 5 : Swan flowers to duckweed plants . Franckh-Kosmos, Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-440-08048-X .
  4. ↑ Heinz Ellenberg, HE Weber, R. Düll, V. Wirth, W. Werner, D. Paulißen: Pointer values ​​of plants in Central Europe (= Scripta Geobotanica. Volume 18). Erich Goltze, Göttingen 1992, ISBN 3-88452-518-2 .
  5. ↑ Martin Schnittler, Karl-Friedrich Günther: Central European vascular plants requiring priority conservation measures - an analysis from national Red Lists and distribution maps. In: Biodiversity & Conservation. Volume 8, No. 7, 1999, pp. 891-925, DOI: 10.1023 / A: 1008828704456 .
  6. ↑ F. Conti, A. Manzani, F. Pedrotti: Libro Rosso delle Piante d'Italia. Ministero dell'Ambiente, Ass. Italiana per il WWF, Roma 1992.
  7. ↑ Martin Scheuerer, Wolfgang Ahlmer: Red list of endangered vascular plants of Bavaria with regionalized flora list (= series of publications. Bavarian State Office for Environmental Protection. Volume 165). 2003, ISBN 3-936385-58-0 , p. 133.
  8. ^ Manfred A. Fischer, Wolfgang Adler, Karl Oswald: Excursion flora for Austria, Liechtenstein and South Tyrol . 2nd, improved and enlarged edition. Province of Upper Austria, Biology Center of the Upper Austrian State Museums, Linz 2005, ISBN 3-85474-140-5 , p. 1095 .

Web links

Commons : Monte Baldo Sedge ( Carex baldensis )  - Album containing pictures, videos and audio files