Muzio Calini

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Muzio Calini (1525–1570), Archbishop of Zadar and Terni
Palazzo Calini in Calino , headquarters of the Conti Calini di Calino

Muzio Calini (* 1525 in Brescia , † April 22, 1570 in Terni ) was an Italian clergyman and archbishop of the Roman Church .

Life

Origin and education

Muzio Calini came from a family of feudal lords from the village of Calino (now part of Cazzago San Martino ) in the immediate vicinity of Lake Iseo in the province of Brescia in Lombardy . Muzio, his original baptismal name was Pietro, was born in Brescia in 1525 as the first-born son of the lawyer Luigi Calini (* 1489; † 1556). The father, a close friend of the diplomat Louis de Canossa , Bishop of Bayeux , of Galeazzo Florimonte , Bishop of Sessa Aurunca , and the philosopher Marc Antonio Flaminio , enabled his son to undergo an intensive humanist education , under the supervision of Aldo Manuzio and Marc Antonio Flaminio was standing. Calini was shaped by the influences of the new schools of thought of the 16th century, especially from Venice, Brescia and Padova. Letters from Paolo Manuzio (1545) and Francesco Luisino (1547) attest to his remarkable literary and intellectual abilities.

Career

In 1545 Calini was assigned as personal secretary to the Archbishop of Cyprus Luigi Alvise Cornaro (Cornèr) , with whom he had a lifelong, deep friendship. After three years he followed Cornaro to Malta , where he joined the Order of Malta in 1549 . After Cornaro was ordered to Rome in 1551 , Calini went to Naples with a friar from the Carafa family , where he found a job at the court of Cardinal Carlo Carafa . In order to advance his ecclesiastical career, Calini decided to transfer to Rome in 1552. At that time in Rome there were his patrons Cardinal Cornaro, his teacher Paolo Manuzio and a large Brescian colony of highly humanist prelates , including the Abbots Girolamo Martinengo -Cesaresco and Giovanni Francesco Gambera . As a skilful tactician and letter writer, Calini continuously worked his way into the center of the Roman curia and gained more and more influence. Despite the intercession of his patrons, Cardinals Cornaro and Carafa, he was denied the diocese of Adria and later the archbishopric of Cyprus in 1553 , and it was not until 1554 that he was given the general vicariate of the archbishopric of Zadar , whose actual archbishop is Cornaro. After his resignation in favor of Muzio Calini, he was appointed Archbishop of Zadar by Pope Paul IV on July 17, 1555 , who immediately after his enthronement began to act against the Glagolitic liturgy and the use of the Croatian language during the liturgy. In order to implement these liturgical goals in a structured manner, Calini founded a college , the direction of which he entrusted to the Jesuit Nicolás Bobadilla . In Dalmatia, Calini befriends the Archbishop of Dubrovnik Ludovico Beccadelli , who was a reliable ally during the Council of Trento.

Tridentinum

1560 Calini is to the opening of the III. Tridentinum invited to Trento as confidante of the Curia , especially Cardinal Cornaro . From October 3, 1561 to December 6, 1563, Calini wrote 233 letters that are considered to be an important source of this period in church history. He is one of the most active and accredited representatives and is a member of the body that discusses the Missal , the Breviary , the Index librorum prohibitorum and the Roman Catechism . In 1564 Calini was assigned to the editorial commission for the catechism under the direction of Cardinal Karl Borromeo to complete the preparatory work on symbols , sacraments , the lay chalice and the residence obligation.

Last years and death

Only at the beginning of 1565 did Calini manage to return to Zadar, where he immediately began to implement the council's decrees. However, the new reform intentions lead to vehement tensions with the local clergy . Since his return from Rome, Calini has felt the entrusted bishopric as an exile , his efforts to return to Italy were rewarded on July 12, 1566, again through the intercession of Cornaro, with the bishopric of Terni . Before leaving, he celebrated the diocesan synod in Zadar in September .

At the end of November 1566, Calini was called to Terni via Rome. Immediately after taking over the diocese, he took care of the implementation of the resolutions of the Tridentine and celebrated a synod in Terni, of which the "Constitutiones synodales" published in Rome in 1568 were preserved. After a long illness from his time in Rome, Calini's health was poor, he fell seriously ill again in Terni and died there on April 22, 1570.

literature

  • Lettere volgari di diversi nobilissimi huomini, I, Venezia 1546, p. 121 ff.
  • Lettere inedite di Paolo Manuzio raccolte dal dottore Antonio Cemti, in Archivio veneto, XXIII (1882), pp. 328–333;
  • Muzio Calini, arcivescovo di Zara, memorie del sec. XVI, in Archivio Veneto, 11 (1881), pp. 232-248;
  • Epistolae clarorum virorum selectae, Coloniae Agrippinae 1586, pp. 273-78;
  • Dictionnaire d'histoire et de geographie ecclésiastiques, XI, coll. 398 f .;
  • Enciclopedia cattolica, III, col. 382;
  • P. Manuzio, Epistolarum libri XII, Venetiis 1580, pp. 366, 387 ff.
  • L. Cozzando, Libreria bresciana nuovamente aperta, Brescia 1694, p. 282;
  • S. Baluze, Miscellanea, a cura di G. Mansi, IV, Lucae 1761, pp. 193-350;
  • I. Pogiani Epistolae et orationes, a cura di G. Lagoniarsini, Romae 1762-1768, IV;
  • D. Farlati, Myrici sacri, V, Venetiis 1775, p. 128 ff.
  • GB Morandi, Monumenti di varia letteratura tratti dai manoscritti di mons. Lodovico Beccadelli, III, Bologna 1804, pp. 69-155;
  • P. Sarvi, Istoria del Concilio tridentino, a cura di G. Gambarin, Bari 1935, ad Indicem;
  • S. Pallavicino, Storia del Concilio di Trento, a cura di M. Scotti, Torino 1962, ad Indicem;
  • Concilii Tridentini Diariorum pars secunda, a cura di S. Merkle, II, Friburgi 1963, ad Indicem;
  • Concilii Tridentini Diariorum pars tertia, a cura di S. Merkie, III, Friburgi 1964, ad Indicem;
  • Concilii Tridentini Actorum pars quinta, a cura di S. Elises, VIII, Friburgi 1964, ad Indicem;
  • Concilii Tridentini Actorum pars sexta, a cura di S. Ehses, IX, Friburgi 1964, S. XIX e ad Indicem;
  • V. Peroni, Biblioteca bresciana, I, Brescia 1816, p. 220;
  • G. Tiraboschi, Storia della letter. italiana, VII, 2, Venezia 1824, p. 461 f.
  • S. Gliubich, Diz. biografico degli uomini illustri della Dalmazia, Vienna-Zara 1856, p. 70;
  • CF Bianchi, Zara cristiana, II, Zara 1877, p. 60 f.
  • L. Fè d'Ostiani, Muzio Calini arcivescovo di Zara, in Commentari dell'Ateneo di Brescia, 1880, pp. 247-252;
  • L. Fé d'Ostiani, MC arcivescovo di Zara, in Archivio veneto, XXI (1881), pp. 232-48;
  • H. von Schullern-Schrattenhofen, genealogy and history of the Calini family in Brescia, in: Yearbook of the Gesell. ADLER, 1890 (XVI / XVII), pp. 69-78;
  • P. Paschini, Ilcatechismo romano del concilio di Trento. Sue origini e sua prima diffusione, Roma 1923, ad Indicem;
  • G. Gulik-C. Eubel, Hierarchia catholica, III, Monasterii 1923, pp. 213, 215;
  • L. von Pastor, Storia dei papi, VII, Roma 1928, ad Indicem;
  • C. Pasero, L'estremo supplizio dei Carafa ed altre notizie romane in una raccolta di lettere di MC, in Commentari dell'Ateneo di Brescia, CXXXVII (1938), sez. A, pp. 29-58;
  • L. Castano, Mgr. Muzio Calini al concilio di Trento, in Concilio di Trento. Riv. commem. del IV centenario, II (1943), pp. 123-138;
  • U. Vaglia, La biografia di MC nel manoscritto di GM Mazzuchelli, in Commentari dell'Ateneo di Brescia, CLXII (1963), pp. 387-95;
  • A. Marani - Muzio Calini, Lettere Conciliar (1561–1563), Brescia 1963.
  • A. Marani, I de 'Medici nelle lettere del Beccadelli al C. (1563-1565), in Commentari dell'Ateneo di Brescia, CLXVI (1967), pp. 41-117;
  • A. Marani, Lettore di MC a Ludovico Beccadelli, ibid., CLXVIII (1969), pp. 59-143;
  • I carteggi delle biblioteche lombarde. Censimento descrittivo, II, Milano, Bibliografica, 1991, p. 140;

Web links

predecessor Office successor
Luigi Cornaro Archbishop of Zadar
1555–1566 		Alvise Cornaro
Tommaso Scoto Bishop of Terni
1566–1570 		Bartolomeo Ferri
personal data
SURNAME Calini, Muzio
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Calini, Pietro
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Archbishop of Zadar and Terni
DATE OF BIRTH 1525
PLACE OF BIRTH Brescia
DATE OF DEATH April 22, 1570
Place of death Terni