Mohammed Najibullah

Award for Soviet soldiers who were part of the occupation forces (1986)

Mohammed Nadschibullāh ( Arabic محمد نجیب‌الله; *  August 6, 1947 in Kabul ; † September 27, 1996 in Kabul) was Afghan President from September 1987 to April 1992 and Chairman of the People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan from May 1986 to April 1992 .

Life

Mohammed Najibullah was born in Kabul to a Ghilzai - Pashtun family. In 1975 he graduated from the University of Kabul with a degree in medicine . He became a gynecologist, as one of his two daughters, the peace and conflict researcher Heela Najibullah, announced in an interview in 2017.

Act

In 1965 he joined the Partscham faction of the Communist Democratic People's Party of Afghanistan . It carried out a successful coup in 1978, but the party's Khalq faction gained the upper hand. After an interlude as ambassador in Tehran , Najibullah was dismissed from the government and went into exile in Moscow .

Najibullah organized political meetings in Afghanistan. The founder and chairman of the Pashtun Social Democratic Party, Kabir Stori , was invited to Kabul.

After the Soviet intervention in Afghanistan in 1979, he returned to Kabul. In 1980 he became head of the KHAD secret police .

In 1987 Najibullah replaced Hajji Mohammed Tschamkani and became the fifth president of the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan . After the Soviets withdrew in 1989, he survived a 1990 coup by the defense minister. He then loosened his autocratic rule to gain public support.

After his fall in April 1992, Najibullah tried to leave Kabul but was prevented from doing so by units of Rashid Dostum . He sought protection at the UN headquarters in Kabul. He stayed there until Kabul was conquered by the fundamentalist Taliban , who picked him up, tortured and murdered him on September 27, 1996, and displayed his body on a concrete platform for traffic police in front of the presidential palace.

Web links

• Olaf Ihlau: The dragon devours our sons . In: Der Spiegel . No. 26 , 1986, pp. 104–106 ( online interview with Mohammed Najibullah).
• Only extremists continue this fight . In: Der Spiegel . No. 10 , 1987, pp. 148–149 ( online interview with Mohammed Najibullah).
• Siegfried Kogelfranz: The Afghans are tired of war . In: Der Spiegel . No. 21 , 1988, pp. 148–150 ( online interview with Mohammed Najibullah).
• Christian Parenti: Who was Najibullah? The Soviet invasion and the fallacies of the Afghan communists. In: Le Monde Diplomatique . May 7, 2012. Retrieved August 27, 2012 . 

literature

• Prakash Bajpai (Ed.): Encyclopaedia of Afghanistan. 6 vols. New Delhi 2001.
• Bernhard Chiari (ed.): Guide to history. Afghanistan. Paderborn 2009.
• Karl-Heinz Golzio: History of Afghanistan. From antiquity to the present. (= Bonn Asian Studies Volume 9). Berlin 2010.
• Conrad Schetter: Brief History of Afghanistan. Munich 2010.
• Mohammad Nadschibullah Ahmadsai in the Munzinger archive ( beginning of article freely accessible)

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ^{a b} Viktoria Morasch: 'My father said: It's war'. Daughter of an ex-president of Afghanistan. taz, February 5, 2017, accessed February 12, 2017 . 
2. ↑ Articles about Stori - http://kabirstori.com/?page=DeStoriPaAraLeekaney&id=256
3. ↑ Dr. Najibullah - http://www.khaama.com/dr-najibullah
4. ↑ Harvested storm . In: Der Spiegel . No. 40 , 1996, pp. 185-186 ( online ).
5. ↑ They cannot see why they are hated In: The Guardian .
6. ^ Matin Baraki : The Talibanization of Afghanistan .