In Navia TYPES concerns terrestrial , mostly xerophytic , perennial herbaceous plants that can sometimes form by vegetative propagation stocks. Over the course of many years, some species form small, non-woody trunks that can sometimes be branched.
The coarse leaves stand together in basal or terminal rosettes . The flat, inward or backward curved leaf margins are smooth or prickly sawn. At least the underside of the leaf is scaly. The stomata have narrow and wide secondary cells. The suction scales overlap slightly, are irregular and, in some species, relatively close together. There is no star-shaped chlorenchyma and no hypodermal sclerchyme .
Only a few Navia species form a more or less long inflorescence stem; mostly the terminal inflorescence axis is compressed and so the inflorescence sits like a nest in the leaf rosette. The simple or branched, capid inflorescences sometimes have showy bracts . There may be flower stalks. The hermaphroditic flowers are small to large, depending on the species, and are threefold. Of the three spoon-shaped sepals , the two upper ones cover the lower one. The three free petals are tiny. There are two circles with three free stamens each. Three fruit leaves are a top permanent or semi or totally under constant ovary grown. The stylus is slim. Pollination occurs mostly by wind ( anemophilia ); this does not occur in any other genus of the Bromeliaceae.
Since molecular genetic studies showed that the subfamily Pitcairnioideae was not monophyletic in its original extent, it was divided into several subfamilies. The subfamily Navioideae was reactivated with the genera Brewcaria , Cottendorfia , Sequencia , Steyerbromelia and Navia . From the genus Navia in 1997, Holst separated the species with spiked or panicle inflorescences into the genus Brewcaria and the species with appendages on the seeds into the genus Steyerbromelia .
Navia affinis L.B.Sm. : It thrives, locally often, on rocks in canyons at altitudes of 700 to 1300 meters in the Sierra de la Neblina in the state of Amazonas in Venezuela and in the Serra Pirapucu in the state of the Brazilian Amazon.
Navia albiflora L.B.Sm., Steyerm. & H.Rob. : It thrives at altitudes of about 1400 meters in the state of Amazonas in Venezuela.
Navia aliciae L.B.Sm., Steyerm. & H.Rob. : It thrives terrestrially or lithophytically in crevices on the banks of rivers, in scree or on fallen tree trunks at altitudes of 200 to 700 meters in Venezuela only in the state of Amazonas (on Cerro Cariche, Cerro Huachamacari, Rio Cunucunuma).
Navia aloifolia L.B.Sm. : It thrives terrestrially at altitudes of 1700 to 1900 meters between bushes on the Tepui of the Sierra de la Neblina in the state of Amazonas in Venezuela.
Navia arida L.B.Sm. & Steyerm. (Syn .: Navia igneosicola L.B.Sm., Steyerm. & H.Rob. ): It thrives terrestrially or lithophytically in crevices, savannas and rocky woodlands at altitudes of 300 to 700 meters in the state of Bolivar (Rio Carrao, Sierra de Lema, near Uriman) in Venezuela and Guiana only in the upper Mazaruni river basin.
Navia aurea L.B.Sm. : It forms stocks in dry rock crevices on steep walls of Cerro Duida and Cerro Marahuaka at altitudes of 1200 to 1300 meters in the state of Amazonas in Venezuela.
Navia axillaris Betancur : It was first described from Colombia in 2001. This endemic thrives at altitudes of 450 to 500 meters on bare rocks in the summit area of the plateaus of the Sierra de Chiribiquete only in the Colombian department del Caquetá .
Navia barbellata L.B.Sm. : This endemic thrives on vertical rock faces at altitudes of around 1220 meters in Guiana only in Essequibo.
Navia berryana L.B.Sm., Steyerm. & H.Rob. : This endemic occurs only on Cerro Vinilla and its surroundings, Raudal de los Guaharibos along the upper Orinocos , in the Sierra de Unturan in the Amazonas state in Venezuela. It thrives terrestrially or lithophytically on rocky slopes, exposed dry locations in savannan, in rock crevices and along flowing waters on granite rocks at altitudes of 300 to 600 meters.
Navia bicolor L.B.Sm. : This endemic thrives on sandstone in a xerophytic savannah at altitudes of 390 to 630 meters only on Cerro Chiribiquete in the Colombian town of Vaupes.
Navia brachyphylla L.B.Sm. : This endemic thrives terrestrially in dense stands on dry slopes at altitudes of 1300 to maybe 2000 meters in Cerro Duida in the Amazonas state in Venezuela.
Navia breweri L.B.Sm. & Steyerm. : This endemic thrives terrestrially in the shade of a lower montane gallery forest at altitudes of 400 to 600 meters only on Cerro Jaua near the Rio Canaracuni in the state of Bolivar in Venezuela.
Navia cardonae L.B.Sm. : It thrives terrestrially or lithophytically on dry slopes, along river banks and in crevices at altitudes of 400 to 800, rarely up to 2000 meters only on Cerro Guaiquinima and Cerro Jaua on the Rio Canaracuni in the state of Bolivar in Venezuela.
Navia caricifolia L.B.Sm. : This endemic thrives terrestrially, lithophytically or epiphytically and forms large populations along rocks, seasonally flooded banks of rivers or on dry rocks at altitudes of 1100 to 1500 meters only in Serrania Yutaje and the surrounding area in the state of Amazonas in Venezuela.
Navia carnevalii L.B.Sm. & Steyerm. : This endemic thrives lithophytically on boulders in open forests at altitudes of about 600 meters only on Cerro Aracamuni in the state of Amazonas in Venezuela.
Navia caulescens Mart. ex Schult. f. var. caulescens : It thrives lithophytically at altitudes of about 580 meters only in the Colombian Amazon.
Navia caulescens var. Minor Schult. f. : It thrives lithophytically on rock faces and in summit areas at altitudes of 400 to 700 meters only in the Colombian Vaupes and the Amazon.
Navia caurensis L.B.Sm. : It thrives lithophytically on sandstone rocks of Tepuis at altitudes of 800 to 1000 meters only in the state of Bolivar in Venezuela.
Navia colorata L.B.Sm. : This endemic thrives terrestrially or lithophytically on rocks along tepuis and small rocky savannahs at altitudes of 1800 to 2000 meters only in Serrania Paru in the state of Amazonas in Venezuela.
Navia connata L.B.Sm. & Steyerm. : This endemic thrives terrestrially or epiphytically at the base of trees on sandy beaches, in forests on tree trunks, on mossy rocks sometimes as a ground cover at altitudes of 400 to 600 meters only in the Sierra Ichun in the state of Bolivar in Venezuela.
Navia crassicaulis L.B.Sm., Steyerm. & H.Rob. : This endemic thrives on rocks in open and moist locations at altitudes of 1700 to 1800 meters only in the Sierra de la Neblina in the state of Amazonas in Venezuela.
Navia cretacea L.B.Sm. : This endemic thrives lithophytically on rocks and on damp rock walls in the southern layer of the Cerro Huachamacari at altitudes of 1400 to 1800 meters, Rio Cunucunuma, in the state of Amazonas in Venezuela.
Navia crispa L.B.Sm. : This endemic thrives lithophytically on rocks and terrestrially on rocky locations in the forest only in Cerro Moriche at altitudes of 200 to 300 meters in the state of Amazonas in Venezuela.
Navia cucullata L.B.Sm. : This endemic thrives lithophytically on rocks in the savannah and on damp rock walls only in Cerro Guaiquinima at altitudes of 700 to 2000 meters in the state of Bolivar in Venezuela.
Navia culcitaria L.B.Sm., Steyerm. & H.Rob. : This endemic thrives terrestrially in dense stands as a species that is common there between rocks in the open savanna at altitudes of around 800 meters only on Cerro Vinilla in the Amazonas state in Venezuela.
Navia delascionis L.B.Sm., Steyerm. & H.Rob. : This endemic thrives in exposed, dry locations in the savannah and on quartzite rocks in the vicinity of Cerro Vinilla and north of it at altitudes of 440 to 600 meters only in the Rio Negro department in the Amazonas state in Venezuela.
Navia duidae L.B.Sm. : There are two varieties in the Amazonas state in Venezuela:
Navia duidae L.B.Sm. var. duidae : This endemic thrives at altitudes of 1200 to 1900 meters only on Cerro Duida on the slopes of the Tepui or in forests in the valleys in the Amazonas state in Venezuela.
Navia duidae var. Glabrior L.B.Sm. : This endemic thrives at altitudes of 1100 to 1400 meters only on Cerro Duida and Cerro Marahuaka on banks of rivers in the state of Amazonas in Venezuela.
Navia ebracteata Betancur & Arbeláez : This endemic thrives lithophytically in cracks in sandstone plains at altitudes of 130 to 150 meters in Colombia only in Caqueta.
Navia emergens L.B.Sm., Steyerm. & H.Rob. : This endemic thrives terrestrially on dry slopes at altitudes of 700 to 900 meters only on Cerro Guaiquinima in Bolivar in Venezuela.
Navia filifera L.B.Sm., Steyerm. & H.Rob. : This endemic thrives at altitudes of 1700 to 1900 meters only in the Sierra de la Neblina on the summit areas of the Tepuis in the state of Amazonas in Venezuela.
Navia fontoides L.B.Sm. : It thrives lithophytically on rock faces at altitudes of 200 to 250 meters in Colombia.
Navia garcia-barrigae L.B.Sm. : This endemic thrives in the white sandstone between rocks in Colombia only in the Amazon.
Navia geaster L.B.Sm., Steyerm. & H.Rob. : This endemic thrives in dense stands on shady steep banks of flowing waters at altitudes of around 1200 meters only on Cerro Marutani in the state of Bolivar in Venezuela.
Navia glandulifera B.Holst : It thrives lithophytically at altitudes of about 770 meters only in the state of Bolivar in Venezuela.
Navia glauca L.B.Sm. : This endemic thrives terrestrially only on the summit area of Cerro Duida at an altitude of about 2100 meters in the state of Amazonas in Venezuela.
Navia gleasonii L.B.Sm. : It thrives in evergreen mountain forests at altitudes of 700 to 800 meters in Guyana and in Venezuela only on Cerro Huachamacari in the state of Amazonas.
Navia graminifolia L.B.Sm. : This endemic thrives on sandstone in xerophytic savannas at altitudes of 390 to 630 meters in the basin of the Rio Apaporis only in Vaupes in Colombia.
Navia heliophila L.B.Sm. : It thrives lithophytically on rock faces, in the savannah or caatinga at altitudes of 240 to 270 meters only in the Amazon in Colombia.
Navia huberiana L.B.Sm., Steyerm. & H.Rob. : This endemic thrives at altitudes of 100 to 400 meters in stocks on sandy banks of running waters only at the base of Cerro Duida near La Esmeralda in the Amazonas state in Venezuela.
Navia immersa L.B.Sm. : This endemic thrives lithophytically locally as a common species on the rock face of the southern layer of the Cerro Huachamacari on the Rio Cunucunuma at altitudes of about 1400 meters in the Amazonas state in Venezuela.
Navia incrassata L.B.Sm. & Steyerm. : This endemic thrives lithophytically in stocks on rocks at altitudes of 1900 to 2100 meters only on Cerro Jaua in the state of Bolivar in Venezuela.
Navia intermedia L.B.Sm. & Steyerm. : This endemic thrives terrestrially in stocks on exposed slopes overgrown with bushes at altitudes of 1900 to 2100 meters only on Cerro Jaua in the state of Bolivar in Venezuela.
Navia involucrata L.B.Sm. : This endemic thrives locally as a relatively common species on the edge of the summit area only of the Tepui Serrania Paru at altitudes of around 2000 meters in the Amazonas state in Venezuela.
Navia jauana L.B.Sm., Steyerm. & H.Rob. : This endemic thrives terrestrially, lithophytically or epiphytically in mountain forests on moist rocky outcrops at altitudes of rarely 400 to, mostly 1900 to 2100 meters only on Cerro Sarisarinama in the state of Bolivar in Venezuela.
Navia lanigera L.B.Sm. : This endemic thrives lithophytically as a locally common species only on the summit area of Tepui Cerro Camani at altitudes of around 1800 meters in the state of Amazonas in Venezuela.
Navia lasiantha L.B.Sm. & Steyerm. : This endemic thrives terrestrially and lithophytically in groups along exposed, bushy slopes or in rock crevices at altitudes of 1700 to 2000 meters only on Cerro Jaua in the state of Bolivar in Venezuela.
Navia latifolia L.B.Sm. : This endemic thrives in the area of a waterfall at an altitude of about 1300 meters only on Cerro Duida on the Rio Cunucunuma in the Amazonas state in Venezuela.
Navia lepidota L.B.Sm. : This endemic thrives on steep rocks at the edge of the strata on the summit area of Cerro de la Neblina at altitudes of 1700 to 2000 meters northwest of Camp Cumbre on the Rio Yatua in the Amazonas state in Venezuela.
Navia liesneri L.B.Sm., Steyerm. & H.Rob. : Amazonas state in Venezuela
Navia lopezii L.B.Sm. was often cited as the only species that does not have any other typical family suckers. Julian Alfred Steyermark & Berry put this species in 1984 in Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden , Volume 71, p. 297 as Aratitiyopea lopezii in a new genus Aratitiyopea in the family of the Xyridaceae . So now all bromeliads have suction scales.
Werner Rauh : Bromeliads - Tillandsias and other culturally worthy bromeliads , Verlag Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 1990, ISBN 3-8001-6371-3
Harold Robinson: A Monograph on Foliar Anatomy of the Genera Connellia, Cottendorfia, and Navia (Bromeliaceae) , in Smithsonian contributions to Botany , number 2, 1969, pp. 1-41: PDF-Online.
Thomas J. Givnish, Kendra C. Millam, Paul E. Berry & Kenneth J. Sytsma: Phylogeny, adaptive radiation, and historical biogeography of Bromeliaceae inferred from ndhF sequence data. In: Aliso , 23, 2007, Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden, pp. 3-26: Online. (PDF; 2.1 MB)
TJ Givnish, JC Pires, SW Graham, MA McPherson, LM Prince, TB Patterson: Phylogeny, biogeography, and ecological evolution in Bromeliaceae: Insights from ndhF sequences. In: JT Columbus, EA Friar, JM Porter, LM Prince, MG Simpson: Monocots: Comparative Biology and Evolution. Poales , Rancho Santa Ana Botanical Garden, Claremont, 2006, 23, pp. 3-26.
BK Holst: Bromeliaceae , pp. 548-676, In: PE Berry, BK Holst, K. Yatskievych (editor): Flora of the Venezuelan Guayana , Volume 2, Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, USA, 1997.
Lyman B. Smith , Robert Jack Downs: Flora Neotropica , Volume 14, No. 1: Pitcairnioideae (Bromeliaceae) , 1974, Hafner Press, New York, USA. ISBN 0-89327-303-1
Jason R. Grant: An annotated catalog of the generic names of the Bromeliaceae , 1998: Online - About the names of the generic names of the Bromeliaceae. (Section systematics)
Web links
Commons : Navia - collection of images, videos and audio files
