Joseph August Schultes

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Schultes wanted to use the compressed air tank of a " wind gun " for his diving equipment .

Joseph August Schultes (born April 15, 1773 in Vienna , † April 21, 1831 in Landshut ) was an Austrian physician, botanist , natural scientist and travel writer . Its official botanical author abbreviation is “ Schult. "

He was the royal Bavarian councilor, first director of the surgical school in Landshut, and namesake of the Schultessteine at Königssee.

Schulte's first son, Julius Hermann Schultes (1804-1840), also became a botanist. The second son, also Julius Hermann Schultes (1820-1887), was an Austrian doctor and botanist.

Life

Schultes was a professor in Vienna , Cracow and Innsbruck . From 1809 Schultes taught as a professor of natural history and botany at the University of Landshut . When King Ludwig I brought the university to Munich in 1826 , Schultes stayed as director of the surgical school in Landshut . In addition to his scientific work, he wrote detailed travel reports.

Schultes was a member

  • of the Imperial Academy of Turin,
  • the Royal Academy in Sweden ,
  • the royal society of science in Göttingen ,
  • the Wetterau society for all of natural history ,
  • the Society for the Promotion of All Natural Sciences in Marburg,
  • the botanical societies of Regensburg and Altenburg,
  • the Grand Ducal Mineralogical Society of Jena,
  • the Zurich and Geneva natural research society,
  • the Erlangen cameralistic-economic society,
  • the Société pour l'enseignement in Paris,
  • of the medical art association,
  • of the pharmaceutical association in Bavaria,
  • of the Württemberg Agricultural Association

and several other domestic and foreign companies.

Together with Johann Jacob Römer , he published the 16th edition of "Caroli a Linné systema vegetabilium" (1817-1830).

At the end of the 18th century, Schultes dealt among other things with the properties of oxygen and the calculation of the air consumption of humans. In 1792 he invented an open diving helmet with a separate supply of compressed oxygen and was convinced that "this thing can go big". Schultes himself was unable to build the device himself due to various technical difficulties in Vienna, and he also found no help from his friends abroad, to whom he entrusted the idea.

A few years later, two almost identical diving devices were released in England and France, which Schultes believes were based on his ideas. For Schultes, who meanwhile lived in Landshut, a fight for the privilege of his invention began, which lasted until his death.

Today, Joseph August Schultes must be seen as an important technician and scientist who not only had the idea as early as 1792 and thus the first to use compressed air in compressed air cylinders to supply divers, diving bells and submarines, but also with his proposal to use pure oxygen for diving to use, was ahead of many other inventors.

Honors

The plant genus Schultesia Spreng. from the sweet grass family (Poaceae) was named after him.

Works

  • Austria's flora . 1794 ( digitized version, 1st part, 1814 ).
    • Revised edition: Flora austriaca . 1800.
  • Travels through Upper Austria in 1794, 1795, 1802, 1803, 1804 and 1808 . 1809 ( digitized version, part I ).
  • Excursions to the Schneeberg . 1802.
  • Journey to the Glockner . 1804 ( Part I , Part II. , III. Part , IV. Part )
  • Observationes botanicae… 1809.
  • Baiern's flora . 1811 ( digitized, 1st centurie ).
  • Outline of a history and literature of botany . 1817 ( digitized ).
  • Mantissa… systematis vegetabilium Caroli a Linné… 1822 (Volume 1).
  • Mantissa… systematis vegetabilium Caroli a Linné… 1824 (Volume 2).
  • with his son Julius Hermann Schultes : Mantissa… systematis vegetabilium Caroli a Linné… 1827 (volume 3).
  • Danube trips. Handbook for travelers on the Danube. Volume 2, Cotta, Stuttgart / Tübingen 1827. ( digitized version )

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Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Holger Krahnke: The members of the Academy of Sciences in Göttingen 1751-2001 (= Treatises of the Academy of Sciences in Göttingen, Philological-Historical Class. Volume 3, Vol. 246 = Treatises of the Academy of Sciences in Göttingen, Mathematical-Physical Class. Episode 3, vol. 50). Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 2001, ISBN 3-525-82516-1 , p. 219.
  2. ↑ Michael Jung: Diving History Compendium Joseph August Schultes. Merzig, 1998, ISBN 3-933234-02-6 .
  3. ↑ Lotte Burkhardt: Directory of eponymous plant names - Extended Edition. Part I and II. Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin , Freie Universität Berlin , Berlin 2018, ISBN 978-3-946292-26-5 doi: 10.3372 / epolist2018 .
  4. ^ Dictionnaire encyclopédique des sciences médicales. Volume 86, p. 549.
personal data
SURNAME Schultes, Joseph August
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Austrian physician, botanist, natural scientist and travel writer
DATE OF BIRTH April 15, 1773
PLACE OF BIRTH Vienna
DATE OF DEATH April 21, 1831
Place of death Landshut