Neckargau

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View over Württemberg and Neckar Valley near Untertürkheim

The Alemannic Neckargau in the central Neckar area is one of the district counties introduced in Alemannia around 750 by the Franconian caretaker Karlmann , which were usually named after rivers, here the Neckar . The domination of the district Neckargaus to the then outstanding places Esslingen and Kirchheim unter Teck is not to be confused with the also in the Lorsch codex called Neckargau in Franconia .

Location and development

The not exactly delimitable Nechragawe in Alamannia originally reached from the Franconian-Alemannic border between Markgröningen and Marbach am Neckar to the Albtrauf . Sometimes the valleys of the Lauter and Lindach as far as Donnstetten on the Alb are also included. The Neckargau was bordered in the northeast by the Murrgau , in the east by the Pagus Ramesdal ( Remstal ) and the Filsgau , in the south by the Pagus Swiggertal ( Ermstal ), in the west and northwest by the Glemsgau and the Enzgau . The delimitation in the southwest is unclear, but could naturally have been made through the Ammertal .

It is possible that the Franconian and Alemannic Neckargau were merged into one Gau from the 9th century onwards, as there are no more differentiating information in the sources. For example, " Lauffen and Heilbronn im Neckargau" are mentioned in a document from Ludwig des Fommen from 822 .

In the course of the 12th century the Gaue and thus also the Neckargau lost their importance as political districts. The increasing “sell-out” of imperial estates, the territorial politics of noble families such as the Counts of Württemberg and the administrative reform of the Hohenstaufen family, ignoring the Gau borders, had made them obsolete.

Counts in Neckargau

In the period from around 650 to 746, the Neckargau region is said to have been ruled by the Pleonungen family , to whom names such as Plieningen or Pliensau (near Esslingen) go back.

At the Cannstatter blood court in 746, the Alemannic ruling class was largely eliminated, the duchy, which was all too autonomous, was dissolved and the Alemannic territory was subdivided into district counties. The Carolingian caretaker Karlmann is said to have appointed predominantly Franconian, but also loyal Alemannic nobles as counts.

In the 11th century, Count Werner received the Gaugrafschaft in Neckargau, which was originally wealthy in Thurgau and then especially in Hesse. As forerunners of the Salian kings related to them , they were also bearers of the imperial storm flag and counts of Grüningen . After the death of " Count Werner II. Vom Neckargau " in the battle of Civitate (1053) and again until around 1072, Eberhard VI took over . von Nellenburg , called the Blessed , in each case as guardian of Count Werner III. and Count Werner IV. the administration of the Neckargau. After that, the county was in the hands of " Count Werner IV. Von Grüningen " until his death in 1121 .

His successor in Neckargau was presumably the Staufers , who in turn were to be challenged by the Württembergians, who are related to the Werner Counts, for the leadership role in this area. To inherit plenty papal money, the prospect of congestion fisches family possessions Neckargau and the commitment that Staufer as dukes of Swabia, neighboring Count moved Ulrich I of Württemberg and Hartmann II. Of Gruningen , just before the decisive battle of the Nidda against Landgrave Heinrich Raspe IV, who was raised to the rank of anti-king by Pope Innocent IV, with around 2000 Swabian followers to change parties. Thus they turned the tide, forced the supposedly superior Staufer King and Swabian Duke Konrad IV to flee and thus created the basis for the expansion of the Württemberg territorial rule.

swell

literature

  • Gustav Bossert: Württemberg from the Codex Laureshamensis , the Traditiones Fuldenses and from Weissenburg sources . In: Dietrich Schäfer (Ed.): Württembergische Geschichtsquellen, Vol. 2. Stuttgart 1895, pp. 1–354.
  • Ludwig Friedrich Heyd : History of the Counts of Gröningen . Stuttgart 1829.
  • Dieter Geuenich : History of the Alemanni . 2nd revised edition, Kohlhammer, Stuttgart 2005, ISBN 3-17-018227-7 .
  • Hans Jänichen , Der Neckargau and the Pleonungen , In: Zeitschrift für Württembergische Landesgeschichte, 1958, 17th year, pp. 219-240.
  • Wolfgang Müller: On the history of the Alemanni . Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft, Darmstadt 1975, ISBN 3-534-03457-0 ( Paths of Research 100).
  • Gustav Freiherr Schenk zu Schweinsberg: "The Wernerische Grafenhaus in Neckargau, Hessengau, Lahngau and Worms." In: Correspondence sheet of the general association of German history and antiquity associations 23/7 (1875), pp. 49-52.

Remarks

  1. ^ The Gaugrafschaftsverwaltung was introduced in the subjugated Alemannia after the blood court of Cannstatt (746) . Cf. Bruno Gebhardt , Handbuch der deutschen Geschichte, Vol. 1: European Foundations of German History, 4th - 8th Century, Stuttgart 2004, pp. 345ff
  2. ↑ WUB, Volume I., No. 141, pp. 166-167 .
  3. ↑ Hans Jänichen , Der Neckargau and the Pleonungen , in: Journal for Württembergische Landesgeschichte, 1958, 17th year, pp. 219-240.
  4. ↑ See Regesta Imperii Online RI I n.768 .
  5. ↑ According to Hans Jänichen from the tribe of Hatten.
  6. ↑ Hans Jänichen, Der Neckargau and the Pleonungen , in: Journal for Württembergische Landesgeschichte, 1958, 17th year, pp. 219-240.
  7. ^ Regesta Imperii Online RI III, 5.2 n.1078 .
  8. ^ Georg von Wyß:  Nellenburg, Eberhard III., Graf v. N., named the Blessed . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 23, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1886, pp. 418-421.
  9. ^ Regesta Imperii Online RI III, 2.3 n.179 .
  10. ↑ Karl Hermann May: Reichsbanneramt and right of action in Hessian view , Münster / Cologne 1952, and Ludwig Friedrich Heyd : History of the Counts of Gröningen , Stuttgart 1829.
  11. ↑ also Battle of Frankfurt called

See also

Web links

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