New Mozarteum

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New Mozarteum: on the left the former palace, on the right the solitaire (single building with chamber music hall), in between the glass front of the entrance hall
Location of the New Mozarteum (left) at the Mirabell Gardens. The light gray building with a large loggia is the solitaire. In the background the Hohensalzburg Fortress , including the dome of the Salzburg Cathedral .

The New Mozarteum is the main building of the Mozarteum University at Mirabellplatz 1 in Salzburg . In its present form, the New Mozarteum was built between 2004 and 2006.

Part of the building complex is the Primogeniturpalast , also known as the Old Borromäum , built in 1631 , the facade of which extends along Dreifaltigkeitsgasse . However, there is hardly any original structure left of the palace.

The designation as the New Mozarteum serves to distinguish it from the Mozarteum in Schwarzstrasse, which has existed since 1914 and is located around 100 meters to the west. The southern end of the Mirabell Gardens is located between the two buildings and is accessible from the New Mozarteum.

history

Paris Lodron Palace of Primogeniture

The Primogeniturpalast with the long side on Dreifaltigkeitsgasse
View of the palace from Mirabellplatz, the solitaire on the right

The Primogenitur Palace was built by master builder Santino Solari . The year of construction is usually given as 1631. In that year, Prince Archbishop Paris Lodron donated a Primogenitur - Entrepreneurship . With this he handed over the newly built palace as well as two houses in Bergstrasse and other goods to his brother Christoph von Lodron . The Palatium Lodronicum was the main building in what was then the “Lodronstadt”.

A copper engraving by Matthäus Merian from 1644 shows that the Primogeniturpalast at the end that is today at Mirabellplatz was connected to other transverse buildings on both sides and at the other end had another transverse annex. A very similar representation from the same period can be found on an engraving by Philipp Harpff (around 1643). On the famous Sattler panorama by Johann Michael Sattler , which depicts the figure of Salzburg in 1825, you can see the transverse buildings at the northern end, which no longer exist today, as well as an inner courtyard in front of the Mirabell Gardens, bordered by buildings or walls. The representations of Merian, Harpff and Sattler are confirmed by a land register plan from 1830.

One of the extensions in the north connected the Primogeniturpalast across today's Dreifaltigkeitsgasse with the Secondogeniturpalast diagonally opposite. The nobles and their royal household could thus go from one palace to the other without having to enter the street. In this bridge structure there was a gate for traffic, the so-called Lodronbogen or Mitterbachbogen .

During the city fire of 1818, the Primogenitur Palace and the Secondogenitur Palace also burned out. The Primogeniturpalast was poorly repaired. However, the attic attic , which is characteristic of a palace , was not restored. In 1825 the building was auctioned.

Borromäuskirche and Collegium Borromaeum

After two changes of ownership, Archbishop Friedrich zu Schwarzenberg finally acquired the building. In 1847 the archbishop's seminary for boys moved in, which had previously been housed in the Berchtesgadener Hof in Kaigasse. In the same year, the small in-house church was consecrated to St. Charles Borromeo . Cardinal Schwarzenberg commissioned Georg Pezolt to build the Carl Borromeo Church in 1846. It was designed in the Byzantine style and attached to the palace building on Mirabellplatz, at the point where the open access area between the palace building and the solitary building is today.

In 1849, the Collegium Borromaeum was founded in the main building , a Catholic private school that initially served primarily to train priestly candidates. In 1879 the Collegium Borromaeum became a prince-archbishop's private grammar school. The grammar school moved to Parsch in 1912 , where it is still located today.

In 1894 the Mitterbachbogen, which was connected to the building and stretched across Dreifaltigkeitsgasse, was demolished as a traffic obstacle. Only then did the Primogeniturpalast, seen from Dreifaltigkeitsgasse, have the character of a free-standing palace. From Mirabellplatz one saw the Borromeo Church as a side extension.

Old Borromeo

After the Borromäum-Gymnasium moved out, the building was also called "Old Borromäum". It was now used temporarily as a residential building. From 1913 onwards , the Salzburg Marionette Theater , newly founded by Anton Aicher, was housed in the former gymnasium of the Old Borromeo . Shops moved into the ground floor. After the Second World War, the offices of the bombed-out Carolino Augusteum Museum were located here . In the post-war period, the facade in Dreifaltigkeitsgasse on the ground floor was broken open in places to incorporate a shop entrance and four shop windows.

After the Second World War, around 5000 Russians lived in Salzburg and the surrounding refugee camps. In the Borromeo Church were from 1950, after a iconostasis , was equipped Byzantine religious services for Catholic and Orthodox Russians celebrated. The church was now called Petrus Claver Church , after the Jesuit Petrus Claver .

In 1966 the Federal Republic of Austria acquired the site in order to create a new building for the Mozarteum Academy of Art . The Primogeniturpalast was largely demolished in 1972 with the approval of the bodies of the University of Salzburg and against the resistance of the Salzburg City Association , but with the approval of the Monument Office. In 1973, the Borromeo Church and the Petrus Claver Church were also demolished.

New Mozarteum 1978

Under the leadership of the Viennese architect Eugen Wörle , the old Borromäum was gutted and replaced by a reinforced concrete skeleton structure. Apart from the facade on Dreifaltigkeitsgasse and the staircase at the main portal, not much remained of the original palace. On the other hand, the outside of the facade on Dreifaltigkeitsgasse was brought closer to its original state. The shop windows and the shop entrance were walled up, the facade on the ground floor was rebuilt with large-format bosses . The attic attic, which had been destroyed in 1818, was also restored. This gave the palace a fourth floor and its original height.

The space between the palace and the Mirabell Gardens was filled with a bunker-like structure. Narrow, slit-like windows that resembled loopholes obstructed the view and let hardly any fresh air into the building. Two of the five floors were underground, so that a large part of the building mass was underground. Many corridors had no daylight at all. Even in the closed inner courtyard, only the slit-like windows could be seen on several sides. The inner courtyard was one and a half floors below the level of Mirabellplatz at the location of today's reception hall. The new building complex was completed in 1978 and opened in 1979.

In the course of the renovation, the historic portals on Dreifaltigkeitsgasse were closed. In front of the portals there were now space-saving false stairs with non-accessible steps. Since then, the footpath from Mirabellplatz to Makartplatz has led parallel to Dreifaltigkeitsgasse through the Aicherpassage, named after Anton Aicher, on the ground floor of the building, while the narrow Dreifaltigkeitsgasse was reserved for car traffic. Access to the university began at the inconspicuous front of the building and led through the unadorned Aicherpassage, which was filled with traffic noise.

The somber-looking new building was considered a disaster from the start. A mysterious accumulation of fatal leukemia cases raised the suspicion of carcinogenic pollutants in the building ( sick building syndrome ) and finally gave the impetus to abandon the unloved building in 1998. The Salzburg provincial government decided to evacuate because of an increased health risk; However, no toxins were found during the later demolition and renovation work. The Mozarteum University had to move out and move to other quarters for a total of eight years. The future of the building was initially unclear. It was not until 2002 that the Federal Real Estate Company decided to take part in an international architectural competition with the aim of having a new building constructed.

New building: foyer with glass front, glass roof and staircase, behind it arcades on two floors
An alley at the back. The large loggia on the first floor of the solitaire affords a view of the Mirabell Gardens and over to the Mönchsberg . Behind the photographer's location there is a portal to the Mirabell Gardens.

New Mozarteum 2006

The Munich architect Robert Rechenauer, who won the competition in 2002, had the New Mozarteum completely renovated from 2004 to 2006. The new building from 1978 was largely demolished, the former palace gutted again, and entire wings of the building were dismantled. The Aicherpassage was also almost completely dismantled. The entrances to the portals in Dreifaltigkeitsgasse were reopened and fitted with glass doors.

The renovation gave the Mozarteum an open, inviting and, for example, with its arcades running around the vestibule , a varied character. The access area was designed as a representative open space within the U-shaped building. It continues in the entrance hall, the entire front of which is glazed and which also lets in daylight through the glass roof. Floor-to-ceiling windows in the former palace facing the forecourt and “shop windows” that provide a view of the classrooms contribute to the impression of openness. The architect used only natural, ecologically sustainable building materials.

The building complex was opened in 2006. In 2007, the study concert hall, the lecture hall and the recording studio were handed over. Finally, in 2008 the Faistauersaal was expanded. The construction costs amounted to 30,440,000 euros plus 4,980,000 euros for stage technology and 1,200,000 euros for facilities (each net price).

In 2009 the New Mozarteum was awarded the Austrian Builder Award. In the following years the architect Robert Rechenauer described the history of the building in an online journal (see web links ). In 2015 he published a book entitled Das Mozarteum Salzburg: Wandel eines Ort . At the beginning of 2017, the Architecture Initiative in Salzburg organized an exhibition with the same title.

Spaces

The New Mozarteum has a total of 130 ensemble, seminar, teaching and room rooms, an auditorium with 97 seats, a large studio with an opera stage (368 seats, expandable to 421 seats), another opera stage for rehearsals, a small studio (89 Seats, expandable to 130 seats), a sound and video studio (Media Lab), a university library and a student lounge with a view of the Mirabell Gardens and a bistro.

The chamber music hall with 300 seats and a spacious loggia is located on the first floor of the so-called solitaire, on the ground floor there is an 187 m² foyer. The building is free-standing, so a solitaire , and was named after this property. The spacious entrance hall of the main building with an area of ​​approx. 565 m² can also be used for receptions and exhibitions.

On the second floor of the former palace is the Faistauersaal with a ceiling fresco by Anton Faistauer depicting Diana returning from the hunt . Until 1971 this fresco was in the stairwell of the Ledererschlössel in Vienna, which was removed that year.

The Mozarteum University offers the solitaire, the entrance hall of the main building, the studios and other rooms for rent.

Portals

Two historic portals on Dreifaltigkeitsgasse each bear the Paris Lodron family coat of arms . During the last renovation of the building (2004-2006) glass doors were added. The two portals are among the few visible remains of the original structure from the 17th century.

  • Entrance gate in Dreifaltigkeitsgasse

  • Entrance gate in Dreifaltigkeitsgasse with a balcony

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Santino Solari deutsche-biographie.de
  2. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j Lodronscher Primogeniturpalast, Collegium Borromaeum, Altes Borromäum: The history of the Mozarteum rechenauer-architekten.de, November 2011.
  3. ↑ Primogeniturpalast on Salzburgwiki
  4. ↑ The Primogeniturpalast salzburg-rundgang.at
  5. ↑ The article about Santino Solari on deutsche-biographie.de indicates the construction time: 1631 ff., I.e. 1631 and the following years.
  6. ^ Paris Count of Lodron deutsche-biographie.de
  7. ↑ Constantin von Wurzbach : Lodron, Paris Graf (X., also XI.) . In: Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Oesterreich . 15th part. Kaiserlich-Königliche Hof- und Staatsdruckerei, Vienna 1866, pp. 378–380 ( digitized version ). Here p. 379, right column.
  8. ^ Salzburg in old views, 17th century graphics collection of the Salzburg University Library
  9. ^ Copper engraving by Matthäus Merian: Salzburg . South is up. Mirabell Palace (marked with D) is located inside the fortress in the lower part of the picture. At the other end of the Mirabell Gardens is the Primogeniturpalast.
  10. ^ Wilfried Schaber: Fischers von Erlach Salzburg churches. Urban planning issues (PDF), in: Barockberichte Nr. 50, pp. 312–320, Figure 4. Mirabellplatz is in the middle of the picture, parallel to Mirabellgarten.
  11. ↑ a b Wilfried Schaber: Fischers von Erlach Salzburg churches. Urban planning issues (PDF), in: Barockberichte Nr. 50, pp. 312–320, Figure 2. Numbering: 856 = Primogeniturpalast with inner courtyard, 850 and 857/858 = connected buildings in the north (857 = Lodronbogen or Mitterbachbogen ), 852 = Cultivation in the south.
  12. ↑ a b c d e f g Bridge building, attic floor, conglomerate stone cones and the lion with the braided pretzel tail: variances of the monument protection at the former Primogeniturpalast in Salzburg rechenauer-architekten.de, May 2013.
  13. ↑ a b c d e Edgard Haider: The Primogeniturpalast of Count Lodron , in: Denkmail, Nachrichten der Initiative Denkmalschutz , Edition 6/2010 (PDF), p. 30 f.
  14. ↑ a b History: From a shared flat to a Catholic private high school borromaeum.at
  15. ^ History of the museum salzburgmuseum.at
  16. ↑ View of the facade before 1970 with shop entrance and shop windows, rechenauer-architekten.de
  17. ↑ Andreas-Petrus-Werk: Our story andreas-petrus-werk.at, see section After the Second World War: Re-establishment of the Catholica Unio in Salzburg .
  18. ↑ a b Schießscharten am Mirabellgarten: The unloved facades of the Mozarteum from 1978 rechenauer-architekten.de, May 2013.
  19. ↑ A ghost ship in the port of the old town of Salzburg: The Mozarteum 1978 - An experience report rechenauer-architekten.de, December 2011. With pictures and floor plans that illustrate the bunker-like character.
  20. ↑ a b c How the old lives on in the new: Architects of the Mozarteum rechenauer-architekten.de, as of January 2014.
  21. ↑ a b Where did the strollers once walk? The Aicherpassage of the Mozarteum from 1978 - A matter of the city rechenauer-architekten.de, January 2012.
  22. ↑ Is there an architecture that makes you sick? Sick Building Syndrome in Salzburg rechenauer-architekten.de, October 2011.
  23. ↑ An urban stage played on both sides: The eloquent motif of the loggia rechenauer-architekten.de, October 2012
  24. ↑ a b c d e New building and general renovation of the Mozarteum University rechenauer-architekten.de
  25. ↑ Foyer website of the Mozarteum University
  26. ↑ Passagen-Werk am Mirabellgarten: Places and paths in the Mozarteum , section What does all this have to do with the Mozarteum? , rechenauer-architekten.de, November 2013.
  27. ↑ The Mozarteum Salzburg. Change of a place initiativearchitektur.at
  28. ↑ a b c d Universität Mozarteum Salzburg: Rentals , see also information brochure on rentals (PDF), March 2016.
  29. ↑ Chamber music hall in the solitaire of the Mozarteum: The baroque principle in mind rechenauer-architekten.de, May 2014.
  30. ↑ See photography of the alley between Solitär (left) and the neighboring building (right), rechenauer-architekten.de.
  31. ↑ The Solitaire of the Mozarteum: The Architectural Concept Giving its Name rechenauer-architekten.de, May 2014.
  32. ↑ Faistauersaal Website of the Mozarteum University

Coordinates: 47 ° 48 ′ 12.7 ″  N , 13 ° 2 ′ 39.5 ″  E