Neumühle (hall)

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View from the Mühlpforte in the south, July 2017
View from the east into the courtyard, December 2013

The Neumühle in Halle (Saale) is a former flour mill, which was first mentioned in 1283 and rebuilt in 1582. The mill is listed in the register of monuments of the city of Halle under registration number 094 04884. It has an entry in the “Red List” of threatened architectural monuments in the city of Halle.

location

The Neumühle (Schlossberg 1) is located on the outer western boundary of Halle's old town on the eastern bank of the Mühlgraben, a branch of the Saale . A valley basin extends here between the Moritzburg and the cathedral hill , to which three streets lead down: the street Schlossberg from the Moritzburg in the north, the Mühlgasse from the cathedral in the south and the street Mühlberg from the Kleine Ulrichstraße in the east. The street Mühlpforte, on which the southern gable side of the mill building borders and which leads from the west over the Mühlgraben, takes its name from a gate in the city fortifications that was once there.

history

The first mill was built around 1280 by the Dominican monks of the nearby St. Pauli Monastery and is the oldest of originally five mills in a former mill complex. The first documented mention of the mill in 1283 relates to its sale to the Neuwerk monastery , whose old mill in Glaucha was shut down, hence the name "Neumühle" ( novum molendinum ).

Almost 200 years later, in 1465, the city fortifications were reinforced; the city had a new wall built around the Neumühle, which also led to a new construction of the mill and the partial integration of the mill into the city wall. With the dissolution of the Neuwerk monastery in 1528, Cardinal Albrecht von Brandenburg handed over the Neumühle, as well as the neighboring fulling mill , to the city of Halle on July 25, 1529 . In return, the city had to deliver 12 fattened pigs a year to the New Monastery, from 1538 60 guilders instead of pigs .

In 1582 it was demolished because it was in disrepair and the city built it from scratch. In 1635 the donkey stable was built. There has been archival evidence of a residential building at the mill since 1670, and the storage building in the south could also have been mentioned as an armory . Around 1700 the mill had 7 grinding courses and 1 barley and grist mill, as well as undershot water wheels.

From 1714 the mill went to the city of Halle as royal hereditary interest , which it leased to a miller for six years. In the years 1715, 1769, 1817 and 1840 major repairs and alterations were carried out, some with half-timbering .

In order to avoid maintenance burdens, the city gave the Neumühle together with the baker's mill in lease to the mill owner CF Otto in 1840 . In 1854 the mill finally became private property. Weineck and Jung are other mill owners. Instead of the millstones, porcelain and chilled cast iron rollers were introduced.

The demolition of the city wall in 1903 again required structural and technical changes. Since the small Neumühle was unable to assert itself against its big competitors in the age of industrial milling, it was taken over in 1908 by Hildebrandschen Mühlenwerke AG from Böllberg , both of which were purchased for 200,000 marks. They are completely rebuilt, two turbines are now used for grinding. In the 1920s, operations had to be stopped for reasons of profitability.

Building description

View into the courtyard of the Neumühle, Gottfried Riehm , around 1900
Renaissance gable in need of renovation on the eastern long side, June 2018
Heraldic board with inscription
Water level marks of the Saale at the southeast corner of the mill

The Neumühle complex originally consisted of five buildings, two of which are still there today, the main mill building in the east and the granary in the south. The residential building in the north, which was demolished in 2016, originally enclosed a courtyard that opens onto a small square to the east. The delimitation of the inner courtyard with bars and pillars crowned with spheres dates back to 1910. To the north behind the residential building there was another inner courtyard, which was bordered by a stable building in the north and by the donkey stable in the east.

The main building, which stands parallel to the Mühlgraben, is an elongated, two-story, massive plastered brick building that comprises five floors, three of which are in the steep gable roof . At the main entrance in the inner courtyard there is an elaborate portal in Renaissance form with the tail gable typical of the time.

A magnificent coat of arms made of sandstone was placed above the portal . Ornate pilasters and cornices frame the coat of arms of the city of Halle, which is held by two putti . Under the coat of arms there is a raised writing field with an inscription. To the side of the pilasters are two small plinths with dolphins and leaf ornaments, under which two further two-line inscriptions run. The inscription on the left has been lost, the right one is badly damaged.

Taking into account the reading of older authors, the inscriptions state that in the first year in office the councilor Jakob Redel and Johann Kost and under the supervision of the council builder Lazarus Kost and Andreas Glaser the Neumühle was rebuilt in 1582. At one no longer existing inscription should, according to Gottfried Olearius also the initials NH have found that after Gustav Schönermark to a participation of nickel Hoffmann suggests. A mighty gable with a profiled arched portal and a deep saddle roof, eye-catching oculi and windows with profiled frames dominate the southern side facing the Mühlpforte.

The west facade facing the Mühlgraben was often rebuilt due to changes in the mill technology and testifies to the state of construction at the beginning of the 20th century.

To the south, the mill is flanked by a baroque granary that was probably built in the 18th century.

High water marks are carved into the southeast corner of the outer wall, the oldest from 1585, the youngest from 1854. At least 29 high tides are recorded on the mill, including on the pillars inside.

Further development after shutdown

After the shutdown in the 1920s, the facilities quickly became neglected, so that demolition was even considered in 1938 in order to have a good view of the Moritzburg.

In the GDR it mainly served as a workshop and warehouse for the VEB Burger clothing works. In the 1970s there was a plan to transform Neumühle into the university's student club , which was rejected for fire protection reasons.

At the turn of the year 1989 the historical mill complex was already badly dilapidated. The first emergency safeguards were carried out by the inner-city work group. In 1993, the city began its first measures, but these were discontinued due to unclear ownership.

In the mid-1990s, the mill roof and the shell of the storage facility were finally secured for more than 1.35 million euros . Plans to convert the building into a hotel and restaurant complex or an educational center failed. At the end of 2015, the current private owner was granted 650,000 euros for renovation. Due to dilapidation, the northern outbuilding, the miller's house, together with the two stable buildings, was demolished at the beginning of 2016. The southern side wing is already in a renovated state. However, its future use is still unclear.

literature

  • Heiner Schwarzberg : The Neumühle. In: Dieter Dolgner i. Z. m. Jens Lipsdorf (Hrsg.): Historical hydraulic structures of the city of Halle / Saale. State Office for Monument Preservation Saxony-Anhalt [u. a.], Halle 1995, pp. 19-30.
  • Gustav Schönermark (edit.): Descriptive representation of the older architectural and art monuments of the city of Halle and the Saalkreis. Otto Hendel, Halle, 1886, Reprint flying head publisher, Hall 1997, ISBN 3-910147-81-X , page 387-388.
  • Holger Brülls, Thomas Dietzsch: Architectural Guide Halle on the Saale . Berlin 2000. p. 53.
  • H. Nickels, C. Feigl: The Neumühle - Where Have The Millions Gone? In: Arbeitskreis Innenstadt eV (Ed.): Hallesche Blätter. September 2000, No. 15, pp. 1-5.
  • Franz Jäger : Historical inscriptions on the Neumühle, the water art and the city wall next to it. In: Arbeitskreis Innenstadt eV (Ed.): Hallesche Blätter. September 2009, No. 37, pp. 6-15.
  • Siegmar von Schultze-Galléra : Topography or history of houses and streets in the city of Halle ad Saale. First volume: old town. Verl. Wilhelm Hendrichs, Halle 1920, Reprint Verlag Rockstuhl , Bad Langensalza 2018, ISBN 978-3-95966-305-2 , pp. 172-173.

Web links

Commons : Neumühle (Halle / Saale)  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ State Office for the Preservation of Monuments in Saxony-Anhalt (ed.): List of monuments in Saxony-Anhalt / City of Halle. Fly Head Publishing, Halle 1996, ISBN 3-910147-62-3 , page 333
  2. ↑ Schwarzberg, p. 21
  3. ↑ Schultze-Galléra, p. 173
  4. ↑ Schultze-Gallera, p. 173
  5. ^ German inscriptions online: The inscriptions of the city of Halle on the Saale
  6. ↑ Gustav Schönermark, p. 405
  7. ↑ Mitteldeutsche Zeitung of February 12, 2016

Coordinates: 51 ° 29 ′ 7.3 "  N , 11 ° 57 ′ 49.9"  E