New Siberian Islands

New Siberian Islands
	Satellite image of the New Siberian Islands
Waters	Arctic Ocean
Geographical location	75 ° 16 ′ N , 145 ° 15 ′ E Coordinates: 75 ° 16 ′ N , 145 ° 15 ′ E
Number of islands	13
Total land area	29,900 km²
Residents	uninhabited
	Map of the New Siberian Islands

The New Siberian Islands ( Russian: Новосибирские острова / Novossibirskije ostrowa , Yakut : Саҥа Сибиир арыылара / Saŋa Sibiir aryylara ) lie north of Eastern Siberia on the geographical coordinates of 135–151 ° East. The area of 400 × 500 km separates the East Siberian Sea from the Laptev Sea . They belong to the Russian republic of Sakha (Yakutia) and are administered by Ulus Bulun .

The group consists of 4 larger islands over 10,000 km² and smaller ones in the area. They are geographically divided from south to north into the Lyakhov Islands , the Anjou Islands and the De Long Islands . It is separated from the Siberian mainland by the Laptev Strait , and the Sannikov Strait runs between Lyachow and Anjou Islands . West of the Lyachow Islands (about 400 km) the Lena River flows into the Arctic Ocean with its very large estuary delta .

history

Individual islands of the archipelago were sighted by the Cossack Jakow Permjakow in 1710 . In 1712 he led a Cossack unit under Merkuri Wagin to the place of his discovery, who crossed the Laptev Street with dog sleds and entered the Big Lyakhov Island . In 1773/74 Ivan Lyachow discovered the island of Kotelny , which was mapped by Pyotr Fyodorowitsch Anjou in 1821 . Further discoveries, especially in the area of the Anjou Islands, go back to Jakow Sannikow and Mathias von Hedenström in 1805 and 1806.

George W. DeLong led an American expedition to the New Siberian Islands from 1879 to 1881; he discovered the De Long Islands named after him . On behalf of the Imperial Russian Academy of Sciences , Alexander von Bunge and Eduard von Toll were the first scientists to visit the New Siberian Islands in 1886 . They traveled to Kotelny via the Big Lyakhov Island . There the expedition split into two groups. Toll went to New Siberia , while Bunge wanted to map the east coast of Kotelny, but had to find out that Kotelny and Faddejewski are connected to one another, unlike expected, by a large sandbank - Toll named it Bungeland . On June 1, Bunge returned to the Great Lyakhov Island to examine the fossilized sediments there. They left the islands again in November. In the hope of drifting to the North Pole , the Norwegian polar explorer Fridtjof Nansen had his ship, the Fram , freeze in the ice near the New Siberian Islands in 1893 (see Nansen's Fram expedition ). In 1902 Toll returned to the New Siberian Islands. The expedition carried out extensive mapping work and searched for the legendary Sannikow Land . Toll and three companions explored Bennett Island and have been missing since then.

climate

The New Siberian Islands have a polar climate. Average annual temperature: −14 ° C. Warmest month: July with about 2.5 ° C. Coldest month: February –29 ° C. The annual rainfall is 131 mm and is almost evenly distributed over the year, with a slight maximum in July and August.

particularities

On the islands rich finds have been made of the bones of mammoths , rhinos and hippos, as well as associated teeth and tusks . These tusks have been brought south for processing since ancient times.

Web links

Commons : New Siberian Islands - collection of images, videos and audio files

New Siberian Islands ( Memento from December 23, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) in the island encyclopedia www.oceandots.com (English)

swell

↑ Leopold von Schrenck , Alexander Bunge , Eduard Toll : The expedition to the New Siberian Islands and the Jana Lande equipped by the Imperial Academy of Sciences , Saint Petersburg 1887, p. 5 f ( online ; PDF file; 34.3 MB) , accessed on September 7, 2019
↑ Erki Tammiksaar: Bunge, Alexander von . In: Mark Nuttall (Ed.): Encyclopedia of the Arctic . tape 1 . Routledge, New York and London 2003, ISBN 1-57958-436-5 , pp. 283–285 ( limited preview in Google Book search).
↑ William Barr: Baron Eduard von Toll's Last Expedition: The Russian Polar Expedition, 1900-1903 (PDF; 5.59 MB). In: Arctic . Volume 34, No. 3, 1980, pp. 201-224 (English)
^ D. Gath Whitley: The Ivory Islands in the Arctic Ocean , Journal of the Philosophical Society of Great Britain XII, 1910

[1] Leopold von Schrenck , Alexander Bunge , Eduard Toll : The expedition to the New Siberian Islands and the Jana Lande equipped by the Imperial Academy of Sciences , Saint Petersburg 1887, p. 5 f ( online ; PDF file; 34.3 MB) , accessed on September 7, 2019

[2] Erki Tammiksaar: Bunge, Alexander von . In: Mark Nuttall (Ed.): Encyclopedia of the Arctic . tape 1 . Routledge, New York and London 2003, ISBN 1-57958-436-5 , pp. 283–285 ( limited preview in Google Book search).

[3] William Barr: Baron Eduard von Toll's Last Expedition: The Russian Polar Expedition, 1900-1903 (PDF; 5.59 MB). In: Arctic . Volume 34, No. 3, 1980, pp. 201-224 (English)

[4] D. Gath Whitley: The Ivory Islands in the Arctic Ocean , Journal of the Philosophical Society of Great Britain XII, 1910