Niderviller ceramics
Niderviller Fayence is a French ceramic and hard- paste porcelain manufacturer in Niderviller (German: Niederweiler), Lorraine , ( Grand Est ), France, which has often been compared to Manufacture royale de porcelaine de Sèvres .
history
1735 commissioned Anne-Marie André-Defontaine, a local noble widow, the ceramic master Matthias Lesprit from Badonviller with the establishment of a pottery on her land in Niderviller . The initial economic situation was unsatisfactory, after which she transferred the management of Jean-Baptiste Malriat, without the economic situation of the manufactory improving significantly.
"Beyerlé period"
The increased debts caused the nephew Madame André-Defontaines to sell the manufacture on September 4, 1748 to the director of the royal mint in Strasbourg Jean-Louis Beyerlé. He continued the faience production, hired qualified workers and kept Jean-Baptiste Malriat as managing director.
The contract with Malriat ended in 1759 and Beyerlé hired the young painter and chemist François-Antoine Anstett. This improved production and Beyerlé began building a porcelain factory. To this end, Anstett hired Joseph Seeger from Vienna, who had the secret of porcelain production, as well as the sculptor Philippe Arnold from Frankenthal and the painter Frederick Adolph Tiépou from Saxony.
To sell the goods in the Rhine Valley, Anstett opened a shop in Strasbourg in 1764 . Strasbourg as a free imperial city and Niderviller as part of the Duchy of Lorraine were supposed to protect the manufactory from the royal monopoly of colored paints of 1745 for Vincennes and 1759 for the manufactory that was then based in Sèvres , which prohibited the application of colored backgrounds and gilding. However, Niderviller was not exempted from the monopoly.
"Custine time"
Due to this unfavorable decision, Beyerlé sold the manufacture to Adam-Philippe de Custine on December 6, 1770 for 400,000 livres. François-Antoine Anstett continued the manufacture until 1778 , after which François-Henri Lanfrey took over the management as co-owner. He enlarged the plant and bought a kaolin deposit in Saint-Yrieix near Limoges .
During the French Revolution , Baron de Custine, who had commanded the French troops at the siege of Mainz (1793) , was charged with high treason and executed on August 19, 1793, along with his wife and son.
After Custine
His property was sold as "National Property". François-Henri Lanfrey initially continued to run the manufacture under compulsory administration with 15 employees until he was able to acquire it in full in 1802 . He then worked with famous people such as Houdon and Clodion. From 1819 he exported porcelain from Niderviller to Russia, Switzerland, Italy and Germany.
Lanfrey died in 1827 , and his sons sold the company for 25,000 francs to the Dryander family, who already owned a faience factory in Saarbrücken . However, Louis Guillaume Dryander had to stop the production of fine porcelain tableware as early as 1830 due to competition from Limoges and switched to the production of tableware for everyday use. He introduced industrial work processes that increased the amount of goods produced. In 1840 he had 53 employees.
In 1864 Louis Guillaume Dryander gave up the management and passed it on to his sons, who subsequently mainly made dishes.
During the annexation of Lorraine by the German Empire, Niderviller traded as "Steingutfabrik Niederweiler AG" after the manufacture was converted into a stock corporation in 1886 . After the First World War it carried your French name again as "SA Faïencerie de Niderviller".
After 1945 the manufactory was modernized and under its director Guy Barreau, production shifted from industrial back to manual production in the 1950s. In 1996 the Faïencerie de Niderviller returned to the family. With 98 employees, it belongs to the French group Faïence & Cristal de France, together with the crystal factory Portieux 1705 and the crystal manufacturer Vallérysthal 1705.
literature
- Emile Decker: Faïencerie de Niderviller, 1735 - en cours . Ed .: Université du Luxembourg.
- Ernst Zimmermann & Johann Georg Theodor Graesse, Guide for collectors of porcelain and faience, stoneware, earthenware, etc. Complete list of the brands on older porcelain, faience, earthenware, etc., Richard Carl Schmidt & Co Verlag, 1910 in Berlin, 405 pages.
- Dorothée Guillemé Brulon (et al.), Histoire de la faïence française. Strasbourg-Niderviller: sources et rayonnement , C. Massin, Paris, 1999, 167 p. ISBN 2-7072-0345-9 (in French)
Web links
Individual evidence
- ^ Stenographic reports on the negotiations of the German Reichstag , Publisher: W. Moeser, 1871 in Berlin, third volume, p. 112
- ↑ See Deutsch Tanagra, porcelain figures collected by Georg Hirth, Munich 1898: pages 138–141.
- ↑ Jean-Louis Janin-Daviet, Hervé de la Verrie, Mémoire d'une collection éphémère au Château d'Haroué (in French), publisher: imprimerie Scheuer = October 2007 in Drulingen, 187 pages, ISBN 2-913162-71-1
- ^ Yearbook of the Society for Lorraine History and Archeology , eighth year, publisher: G. Scriba, first half / 1896 in Metz, p. 183
- ↑ Ulrich Thieme General Lexicon of Fine Artists from Antiquity to the Present , Publisher: EA Seemann, 1912 in Leipzig, seventh volume, 604 pages, p. 111
Coordinates: 48 ° 42 ′ 43.2 ″ N , 7 ° 6 ′ 22.9 ″ E