Niklaus Emanuel Tscharner

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jakob Emanuel Handmann , portrait of Niklaus Emanuel Tscharner, 1750
Johann Ludwig Aberli , Niklaus Emanuel Tscharner on his Gut Blumenhof in Kehrsatz, 1775

Niklaus Emanuel Tscharner (born March 21, 1727 in Bern ; † May 5, 1794 in Kehrsatz ) was a Swiss economist and magistrate .

biography

Niklaus Emanuel Tscharner was born as the son of Emanuel Tscharner (1699–1777), then mayor of the outer state , and Maria Magdalena Tscharner (1704–1788). From 1738 he and his brother Vincenz Bernhard Tscharner, who was a year younger than him, were taught by the young theologian and later professor Johann Friedrich Stapfer . The two spent the years 1742 to 1745 with their teacher in Montagny and from 1748 to 1750 in Frauenfeld , when their father was bailiff to Thurgau . The two brothers then traveled with Stapfer for a year through England, Holland, France and Germany.

Tscharner became a member of both the Economic Society and the Grande Société in 1759 . He was the first secretary of the Bernese economists. In 1760 the Tscharner brothers met Salomon Gessner and Salomon Hirzel for the first time at Isaak Iselin's in Basel . As a result, the patriotic patricians met regularly in Schinznach , from which the Helvetic Society emerged. Its members met annually in Schinznach to debate and add new members to their ranks. Individual members of the Helvetic Society tended to harshly criticize the authorities, which prompted the Bernese Privy Council to keep the members from Bern away from the meetings as far as possible. Niklaus Emanuel was often skeptical of society, but did not miss the meeting before the Bernese Grand Council had passed a resolution. This never came about and Tscharner was even President of the Helvetic Society in 1774. In a letter to Isaac Iselin he expressed himself on patriotism as follows: If the inclination to order, the urge for the common good, human love, love for the fatherland constitute the basis of the patriotic heart, then it is us, who are we in these inclinations educated and supported by examples as well as teaching, patriotism not unknown. [...].

Niklaus Emanuel married Anna Katharina von Tavel in 1752 and settled in Kehrsatz with his wife on the inherited Blumenhof campaign . The exemplary farm was a magnet for many travelers. Sophie La Roche was one of Niklaus Emanuel's guests, as was Duke Carl August von Sachsen-Weimar (1757–1828), who was accompanied by Johann Wolfgang Goethe on his trip to Switzerland in 1779 .

Tscharner was elected to the Grand Council in 1764 and began his official career in the service of the City and Republic of Bern. Niklaus Emanuel determined the lot in 1767 to be Obervogt in Schenkenberg . In addition to his activities for the Economic and Helvetic Society, Tscharner's exemplary cursus honorum continued, but after the death of his brother Vinzenz Bernhard in 1778 his zest for life faded more and more. He was sent in 1781 as a resident of Berne to Geneva in 1789 to sixteen ( Wahlmann determined), was elected Secret and finally chosen as a member of the Privy Council. This cleared the way to soon take a seat in the Small Council, which he succeeded in 1791. As early as 1792, he was also elected as Deutschseckelmeister. The most important office in the city and republic of Bern together with the two mayors. Tscharner's great achievements as a magistrate included the establishment of the Dienstenzinskasse - a pension fund for servants - in 1786.

Niklaus Emanuel Tscharner made the slogan Sapere aude ! (Dare to know!), A quote from the Horace Epistles, became his motto in the 1760s . It can be found on his bookplate . In his essay, published in 1784, answering the question: What is Enlightenment raised Immanuel Kant Sapere Aude! to a motto of the Enlightenment .

Archival material

Printed fonts

  • Treatise on the spruce trees. In: Treatises of the Economic Society in Bern. Born 1763, fourth piece, pp. 57-109 doi : 10.5169 / seals-386591
  • Treatise on the nut tree. In: Treatises of the Economic Society in Bern. Born 1764, third piece, pp. 102–121 doi : 10.5169 / seals-386615
  • Notes on beekeeping. In: Treatises of the Economic Society in Bern. Born 1764, fourth piece, pp. 119–126 doi : 10.5169 / seals-386623
  • Instruction for the rural people on the best economy of the forests. In: Treatises of the Economic Society in Bern. Born 1768, second piece, pp. 2–61 doi : 10.5169 / seals-386665
  • On the necessity of the statute of splendor in a free state , Zurich 1769 doi : 10.3931 / e-rara-7335
  • Physical and economic description of the Schenkenberg office. In: Treatises of the Economic Society in Bern. Born 1771, first piece, pp. 101–220 (with tables) DOI: 10.5169 / seals-386690
  • At his brother's grave. In: J. Bürkli: Swiss flower harvest. Zurich 1783, pp. 89-94 online in the Google book search.
  • Honorary memory of Mr. Landvogt Engels . In: New collection of physical and economic writings, published by Ökonomische Gesellschaft in Bern. Born in 1785.
  • Letter to Felix Balthasar (February 18, 1787). In: New Berner Taschenbuch on the year 1902 , pp. 147–154. doi : 10.5169 / seals-127724

literature

  • Rudolf Fetscherin: Tscharner von Schenkenberg . In: Berner Taschenbuch , Vol. 1 (1852) doi : 10.5169 / seals-118869
  • Otto Hunziker :  Tscharner, Niklaus Emanuel von . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 38, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1894, pp. 702-704.
  • Manuel Kehrli: Niklaus Emanuel Tscharner , in: Les Tscharner de Berne, Genève 2003.
  • Karl Friedrich Wälchli: Niklaus Emanuel Tscharner. A Bern magistrate and economic patriot 1727–1794. Bern 1964.
  • Karl Friedrich Wälchli: The Bernese bailiff in Aargau, using the example of Obervogt Niklaus Emanuel Tscharner von Schenkenberg . In: Argovia: Annual journal of the Historical Society of the Canton of Aargau . 103 (1991). Pp. 108-113. doi : 10.5169 / seals-9225

Web links

Commons : Niklaus Emanuel Tscharner  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Google books
personal data
SURNAME Tscharner, Niklaus Emanuel
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Swiss magistrate and economist
DATE OF BIRTH March 21, 1727
PLACE OF BIRTH Bern
DATE OF DEATH May 5, 1794
Place of death Sweeping