Landskrona trolleybus

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Landskrona trolleybus
Landskronas trådbuss.svg
Route length: 3.0 km
Power system : 750 volts  =
Top speed: 50 km / h
Legend
   
 Transition to the Västkustbanan
   
 0.0 Stations
   
 0.8 Feeding point
   
 1.0 Lasarettet Norra
   
 1.5 Vilan
   
 1.9 Artillery Brigade
   
 2.4 Rådhustorget
   
 2.7 Sofia Albertina
   
 3.0 Skeppsbron
   
 Center

The Landskrona trolleybus ( Swedish : Landskronas trådbuss ) is the only trolleybus operator in Sweden . In addition to the Bergen trolleybus in Norway , it is also one of only two trolleybus companies in Scandinavia . With 28,679 inhabitants, Landskrona is one of the world's smallest cities with a trolleybus system.

The overhead line infrastructure belongs to the city's technical works . The transport services are ordered by the southern Swedish local transport company Skånetrafik , which also owns the rolling stock. The previous contractors were Orusttrafiken from the start of operations in September 2003, Arriva from April 1, 2004, Swebus from June 18, 2006 and Nobina Sverige from December 1, 2009.

prehistory

In 1997 the decision was made to re-route the Västkustbanan (West Coast Railway) between Lund and Helsingborg . Also the task of the old suburban Related to this was head station of Landskrona. The planned replacement was the installation of the peripheral through station Landskrona Östra (Landskrona Ost) on the new line. At the same time, the city administration began to investigate how the planned new station could be connected to the city center using an efficient and environmentally friendly public transport system .

After a tram was eliminated due to cost reasons, the investigations focused on a road-based means of transport. Trolleybuses, diesel buses and natural gas buses were shortlisted . Because a conventional bus service was viewed as too unattractive, the installation of a trolleybus system fell into the short list. In May 1998 a first feasibility study was presented, and in June 1998 the corresponding subsidy application was submitted to the Swedish Ministry of the Environment. Neglecting the investment costs for the infrastructure , the higher operating costs and the lower flexibility compared to a diesel or natural gas bus operation, ecological aspects were in the foreground. For example, annual savings of 180,000 kilograms of carbon dioxide , 1,300 kilograms of nitrogen oxides and 18 kilograms of other harmful particles have been calculated. The low-noise operation and the visual presence in the public space also spoke in favor of the trolleybus.

On January 4, 2001, the new station was finally inaugurated, the connection there was initially made provisionally with buses. But already on October 10, 2001, the city finally decided to build the trolleybus line. Contrary to the original plans, however, this should no longer end on the forecourt of the old station - the current freight yard  . Instead, it was decided to go for a slightly shorter route, it measures only 3.0 instead of 3.38 kilometers, with a terminal in the port area. The new pier for the ferry to the island of Ven has also been located there since November 21, 2009 . In April 2002 the tender for the infrastructure and the vehicles followed, in August of the same year the contracts were awarded.

Construction and commissioning

The trolleybus 6991 in the direction of the train station in Eriksgatan

On December 16, 2002, the preparatory work on the future substation began , a feed line was first laid down there. On January 30, 2003, the first mast was established at the station, the day of the first groundbreaking ceremony is considered the official start of construction. On March 7, 2003 the first boom was assembled and on May 6, 2003 the first wires were tensioned. The catenary was set up by Swedish Rail System (SRS) together with Furrer + Frey AG from Switzerland. The latter acted as a subcontractor and brought her experience in trolleybus catenary construction.

After the construction work was completed, the first test drives with the 320 car loaned from the Tallinn trolleybus took place between July 2 and 14, 2003 . The company's own trolleybuses were delivered on August 21, 2003 and officially registered on September 10, 2003.

Scheduled regular service with trolleybuses began in the morning hours of September 15, 2003, and the opening ceremony finally followed on September 27, 2003 in the presence of the then Swedish Environment Minister Lena Sommestad . Almost 40 years after the last Swedish trolleybus - the operation in Gothenburg - had ceased its service in November 1964, a trolleybus operated again in Sweden. Another Swedish trolleybus operation existed from 1941 to August 1964 in the capital Stockholm . From 1938 to 1948 there was also a short test track in Västerås .

The total cost of the project was 38.7 million Swedish kronor . The municipality of Landskrona had to bear 20.4 million of this, the remainder being state subsidies. The investments were distributed as follows:

15.2 million for the vehicles of which 7.7 million grants
16.8 million for the installation of the overhead line of which 8.5 million grants
03.6 million for the substation including 1.8 million grants
03.1 million other costs of which 0.3 million grants

A wind turbine was rented specifically for the power supply ; it supplies the electricity supplier with the amount of electricity required for trolleybus operation.

business

The trolleybus turning loop in front of the station

The Landskrona trolleybus is integrated as line 3 into the local city ​​bus network (Landskrona stadsbuss) and carries the bulk of the traffic. The route is 3.0 kilometers long and leads from the train station (stations) via Kolonigatan, Repslagargatan, Eriksgatan and Storgatan to the Skeppsbron stop in the city center (Centrum) , near the port. The connection is sometimes also referred to as station commuting , Swedish for station commuting. The remaining lines 1, 2, 4 and 5 are conventional diesel or natural gas bus routes and run less frequently. The trolleybus line is very popular; When it opened, around 200,000 passengers were carried annually, compared to 500,000 in 2007. The operating times are as follows:

Monday to Friday: 05:05 am to 01:34 am
Saturdays: 5:20 am to 1:34 am
Sunday: 5:20 am to 12:49 am

Including the two end stations, the trolleybus serves seven stops , the average station distance is 500 meters. The travel time is nine minutes into town and ten minutes on the ride to the station. In the rush hour - that is from around 6:30 a.m. to 9:30 a.m. and from 3:30 p.m. to 5:30 p.m. - the trolleybus line 3 has been running four times every six minutes since December 13, 2009 . Previously, a maximum of 7/8/10 minutes was offered, for which only three vehicles were required. An additional diesel bus therefore had to be used temporarily in mixed traffic . A fourth trolleybus has only been available since September 16, 2010. Due to the high investment costs of a trolleybus, it was originally planned to purchase a natural gas bus as an alternative for the fourth circuit that was also introduced. However, in February 2010 they finally ordered the fourth trolleybus.

Right from the start, the following applies: if a trolleybus fails, a conventional bus is used instead. A replacement trolleybus is not available for cost reasons.

From September 20, 2010, all trolleybus traffic was suspended due to road construction work between the station and the hospital (Lasarettet Norra). Trolleybus replacement took place. Electrical operations were resumed on November 28, 2010.

Infrastructure

Overhead lines in the city center

The depot - where the city buses are also housed - is located south of the old terminus. The hall is located about 800 meters from the final stop on the city side and can only be reached with the auxiliary drive . Contrary to the original plans, no electrified operating line was built ; it should be single-track. In addition, it was initially planned to use the roundabout in Eriksgatan as an intermediate turning loop accessible from both directions . Since neither was implemented, the operation in Landskrona manages entirely without air switches as a special feature . There are also no catenary crossings , both turning loops are driven counter-clockwise. There are also no overtaking opportunities. There is also only one substation, it is located at the confluence of the Vattenverksallén with the Kolonigatan. The entire system thus consists of a single dining area and does not require a section separator .

Furthermore, no overhead line rosettes were installed. Cross wires can only be found in the area of ​​the two turning loops, in the course of the 90-degree bend in the city center and at the roundabout in Eriksgatan. Otherwise, even in the area of ​​built-up sections of the road, steel, cylindrical catenary masts with a boom each for both directions were used exclusively at the roadside . Only in the course of the S-curve near the town hall are some central masts with arms on both sides. All 160 catenary masts also serve as light masts for street lighting ; for this they received an arched arm attached. So that they are visually less noticeable, they are painted uniformly dark green.

vehicles

"Ella" at the city-side terminus Skeppsbron (2005)

All five existing Trollino 12 solo trolleybuses were created as a joint venture . The body was produced by the Polish bus manufacturer Solaris Bus & Coach , while the electrical equipment was supplied by another company. In the version for Landskrona, the cars offer 26 regular seats , three folding seats and 55 standing places . As a special feature, the third door is only single-leaf. In addition, different from the standard Solaris seating, special seats were installed. The trolleybuses are - like all city buses in the Skånetrafik transport area - painted green, the ribbon windows are black.

  • The Hungarian company Ganz supplied the electrical equipment for the three cars acquired in 2003 . Before being used in Landskrona, the three 165-kilowatt cars were subjected to extensive test drives in the Budapest trolleybus network in July and August 2003 . In Landskrona, these three trolleybuses are powered by nickel-metal hydride accumulators during the journeys to and from the depot ; their range is four kilometers. The three cars have been owned by Skånetrafik since 2009, before they belonged to the Landskrona municipality itself. Based on the word electricity (Swedish: elektricitet ), they all have first names that begin with El .
  • The fourth trolleybus, which was subsequently delivered in 2010, has been owned by Skånet Nahrungsmittel from the start, but in contrast to the cars acquired in 2003, its electrical equipment was supplied by Škoda from Plzeň in the Czech Republic . In addition, it does not have accumulators , but a 50 kW diesel auxiliary drive from the Kirsch company. Otherwise it is largely identical to the existing trolleybuses. The first test drives and the technical acceptance of this car also took place in Plzeň.
  • The fifth car, which was put into service in 2013, has an auxiliary battery drive and came to Landskrona as part of the “SlideIn” research project, which aims to investigate increasing the electrical power of battery buses . In this case, charging should be specifically tested while driving in overhead line operation. The project has a budget of 1.6 million euros and is funded by the European Union under the LIFE + program. The trial phase is to last until December 2015, the project partners include - besides Skånetrafik - the University of Lund, ÅF, Motivationshuset, Volvo Powertrain and E.ON. The batteries enable catenary-free operation on routes over ten kilometers in length. They were supplied by Altair Nano , they are two modules with cells of 60 Ah each, which are cooled by air and are made of nano, lithium and titanium. In total, the 400 cells deliver a voltage of 450 volts and an output of 54 kWh.
The Elvis test car delivered in 2013 in Storgatan
Surname Orusttrafiken number Number Arriva / Swebus / Nobina Construction year Mark Inventory number Chassis number
Ella 7231 6991 2003 TXT 772 1069 SU92411663BPN-1069
Elvira 7232 6992 2003 TXT 754 1067 SU92411663BPN-1067
Ellen 7233 6993 2003 TXT 763 1068 SU92411663BPN-1068
Else-Len - 6990 2010 CLP 254 - SUU241160AB008655
Elvis - 6994 2013 UCC 089 - -

A frame with special pantographs is also available for de-icing overhead lines . If required, this can be placed on the loading platform of a Volkswagen small van; the vehicle has been available since December 23, 2004. Before that, there were contact problems with the icy overhead line in the first winter of 2003/2004. Taken together, the trolleybus operation had to be replaced by diesel buses for 32 hours. A tower car , however, is not available. For maintenance and repair work on the overhead line, a working platform is therefore rented if necessary .

Furthermore, from September 23 to 30, 2003 the museum trolleybus 101 from Copenhagen was on site. The car, built in 1938, belongs to the Skjoldenæsholm Tram Museum and at the time undertook special trips in Landskrona on the occasion of the grand opening of the trolleybus operation discussed here.

Web links

Commons : Trolleybuses in Landskrona  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d Trolleybus Landskrona - The world's smallest trolleybus ”system” . (PDF; 3.2 MB) Archived from the original on December 3, 2013 ; Retrieved April 11, 2017 .
  2. ↑ Landskronas trådbuss. (PDF) sparvagssallskapet.se
  3. ↑ Första spadtaget vid nya stations . pege.nu
  4. ↑ Entry at the Swedish Tram Association
  5. ^ A b Jürgen Lehmann: Opening of the trolleybus operation in Landskrona / Sweden . ( Memento of March 8, 2005 in the Internet Archive )
  6. ↑ News from Landskrona
  7. ↑ The fourth has arrived . www.trolleymotion.com
  8. ↑ Gasbuss istället för trådbuss ( Memento from November 5, 2007 in the Internet Archive )
  9. ↑ Höst 2010, ny buss och upgrading
  10. ↑ Trådbuss i Landskrona, Kostnader och miljöeffekter  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF)@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / www2.landskrona.se  
  11. ↑ Feasibility study of October 20, 2000 Landskrona - Trådbuss på Stationspendeln - fördjupad study. (PDF) Archived from the original on March 14, 2004 ; accessed on April 13, 2017 . (Swedish and English)
  12. ↑ Reorganization and a fourth trolleybus in sight . trolleymotion.com
  13. ↑ Landskrona: The fifth trolleybus in use as part of the 'SlideIn' research program . ( Memento of March 5, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) trolleymotion.eu, September 9, 2013
  14. ↑ Reports from the trolleybus companies in and around Germany, January 2005 (PDF; 375 kB)