Panulirus

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Panulirus
Panulirus japonicus

Panulirus japonicus

Systematics
Class : Higher crabs (Malacostraca)
Order : Decapods (decapoda)
Subordination : Pleocyemata
Partial order : Achelata
Family : Lobster (Palinuridae)
Genre : Panulirus
Scientific name
Panulirus
White , 1847

Panulirus is a genus of lobsters within the decapods . It is distributed circumtropically , all species are more or less subject to commercial interests.

features

Panulirus , like all lobsters, have no claws , are usually 15–30, maximum ( Californian lobster ) 60 cm in size, and often conspicuously colored. Compared to the other genera of the family, the flagella of the antennae are very long and exceed in length the bases of the second antenna pair (antennal peduncle). Your carapace is almost cylindrical in shape, sometimes thorny, the eye stalks protrude from rather incomplete sockets. The complex eyes of the larvae and the adults are designed differently. The larval forms that are no longer free-swimming and the adults have both good night vision (due to pigment shifts) and good color differentiation up to the UV range and can perceive polarization patterns . You could therefore (depending on the water depth) recognize the Rayleigh scattering and thus the position of the sun even in cloudy weather.

Phyllosoma larva, dorsal (after Ernst Haeckel )

Habitat and way of life

Adult animals live in tropical shelf seas or in the vicinity of islands with solid ground, where they look for hiding places between or under rocks or reefs . They often colonize the shallow water areas, less often depths of up to 120 meters (Australian lobster).

First, a freely swimming phyllosoma larva occurs in planktonic form in the tropical epipelagial region . The larvae prefer to live in shallow water and bank zones, overgrown with seaweed or red algae or in the mangrove area or in reef areas near the shore ( Caribbean lobster ) or in the cave-rich bank karst ( Australian lobster ). The first benthic stages remain in the shallow water between seagrass and algae, later they colonize somewhat deeper zones. Like the adults, the larvae are predominantly nocturnal. Day-night migrations are known: at night the larvae rise to the surface, during the day they sink, the older ones deeper. They are accepted as food by many fish, but only a few fish capture larger quantities (e.g. Psammaperca waigiensis ). After the ninth larval stage, the adult form is formed.

Systematics

The genus Panulirus includes the following 21 species:

Individual evidence

  1. ^ A b c Lipke B. Holthuis : Marine Lobsters of the World . An Annotated and Illustrated Catalog of Species of Interest to Fisheries Known to Date. Ed .: Food and Agriculture Organization (=  FAO Fisheries Synopsis . Volume  125 ). Rome 1991, ISBN 92-5103027-8 ( fao.org ).
  2. ^ A b VB Meyer-Rochow: Larval and adult eye of the western rock lobster (Panulirus longipes). In: Cell and Tissue Research 162, No. 4, 1975, pp. 439-457.
  3. ^ Talbot H. Waterman: Light sensitivity and vision. The physiology of Crustacea Chapter 2.1. In: Talbot H. Waterman (eds.): Sense Organs Integration, and Behavior , Volume 2, Elsevier,!. January 1961, pp. 1-64.
  4. ^ Talbot H. Waterman: Natural polarized light and vision. In: Photoreception and Vision in Invertebrates. Springer, US 1984, pp. 63-114.
  5. ↑ a b c d e Charles A. Acosta, Mark J. Butler IV: Role of mangrove habitat as a nursery for juvenile spiny lobster, Panulirus argus, in Belize. In: Marine and Freshwater Research 48, No. 8, 1997, pp. 721-728, doi: 10.1071 / MF96105 .
  6. ↑ James M. Marx, William F. Herrnkind: Macroalgae (Rhodophyta: Laurencia spp.) As habitat for young juvenile spiny lobsters, Panulirus argus. In: Bulletin of Marine Science 36, No. 3, 1985, pp. 423-431.
  7. ↑ a b RK Howard: Fish predators of the western rock lobster (Panulirus cygnus George) in a nearshore nursery habitat. In: Australian Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 39, No. 3, 1988, pp. 307-316. doi: 10.1071 / MF9880307 .
  8. ↑ DW Rimmer, BF Phillips: Diurnal migration and vertical distribution of phyllosoma larvae of the western rock lobster Panulirus cygnus. In: Marine Biology 54, No. 2, 1979, pp. 109-124.
  9. ↑ T. Chan, M. Türkay: Panulirus White, 1847. In: World Register of Marine Species. 2012, accessed August 19, 2012 .

Web links

Commons : Panulirus  - collection of images, videos and audio files