Peter Scheibert

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Peter Scheibert (born May 3, 1915 in Groß-Lichterfelde ; † March 31, 1995 in Berlin ) was a German Eastern European historian .

Life

Peter Scheibert was a son of the Prussian general staff officer and military writer Friedrich Wilhelm Scheibert and Johanne, née. Prince. He had inherited a property in East Prussia from an uncle . After attending the Realgymnasium Lichterfelde he studied history, art history, Slavic studies and philosophy in Berlin, Breslau and Königsberg (Prussia) from 1933 . One of his university teachers in Koenigsberg was the exiled Russian Nikolaus von Arseniev . Scheibert became a member of the SA and on May 1, 1937 he joined the NSDAP .

He undertook study trips to Northern and Eastern Europe, in 1936 to the Pripjet Marshes , in 1938 he had a study visit to Helsinki , and in July 1939 he received his doctorate in Berlin on a topic of Finnish history. Scheibert placed three articles in the National Socialist magazine Jomsburg - Peoples and States in Eastern and Northern Europe . According to his student Inge Auerbach, Scheibert had used a neutral language and only occasionally used racist terms such as polarity reversal and re- population from the Nazi language .

After the beginning of the Second World War he was hired as a research assistant at the Foreign Office and worked on the German white paper on the outbreak of war in 1939. After the German invasion of the Netherlands in 1940, he was temporarily employed in evaluating the political files captured there. At Operation Barbarossa in July 1941, he was assigned to the Künsberg special command in the Foreign Office , which was supposed to organize the robbery of files and art , Scheibert was deployed in Belarus and Vilnius . On July 15, 1941, Künsberg's private pilot Münter flew part of the “Einsatzkommando Hamburg” from “Adlerhorst” to Kaunas, Scheibert got on in Königsberg. Hellmut Haubold was the political and military head of the task force, while Scheibert was head of the archive commission and at the same time one of the interpreters. On August 3, 1942, Scheibert was put on the march as a member and clerk for politics in the “Einsatzkommando Süd B (Volga)”. In Stalingrad and Kalatsch, under artillery fire , the group confiscated mainly economic and regional books until General v. Loenig was expressly forbidden to enter the city of Stalingrad on October 14th. From October 14th, Schreiber and the clerk for regional studies, Alfred Karasek, carried out an exploration trip into the Kalmyk steppe , but Heinrich von zur Mühlen had already exhausted this possibility of finding .

From April 1942 Scheibert was in the rank of Untersturmführer in the "Battalion of the Waffen-SS z. b. V. ”, from August 1943 he was employed in the“ Scientific and Methodological Research Service ”department and in the“ Cultural Department ” in the Reich Security Main Office , nothing is known about membership of the SD. Furthermore, on behalf of the RSHA, he was involved in the security of Italian art treasures, some of which were transported from central Italy to the Alpine region, in Rome and Fasano until April 1944 in the “Special Order for Securing Art Treasures”. From July 1944, Scheibert worked in the Hungarian Kingdom, which has been controlled by the German Reich since March 1944, in the Budapest embassy with Edmund Veesenmayer and in October 1944 he was seconded to the front line in Kosice , where he was supposed to write propaganda for the Ruthenian population of Transcarpathia . He experienced the end of the war in the "Dienststelle Gesandter Altenburg " in Vienna and in the Budapest embassy that had moved to Szombathely .

No information is available about internment and denazification , the time after World War II shows some blank spots for the chronicler . Later he was co-owner of a shipping company and worked as a religion teacher in Uslar .

Scheibert was active in 1949/50 at the Notgemeinschaft der Deutschen Wissenschaft für das Bibliothekwesen, completed his habilitation in 1955 at the University of Cologne , became a private lecturer there, and from 1959 was Georg von Rauch's successor Professor of Eastern European History at the University of Marburg , where he also worked for a time Head of the International Office . In 1964 he was co-editor of the Festschrift for Percy Ernst Schramm , who had accepted him after the war in Göttingen , Schramm's son Gottfried Schramm completed his habilitation in Marburg in 1964. Scheibert also sponsored the scientific work of Andreas Hillgruber , Bernd Martin , Dietrich Grille and Egbert Jahn . Scheibert, who was appointed professor in 1961, had been a member of the board of directors of the Herder Institute, also located in Marburg, since 1965 . As a result of the university reforms of the 1968s , Scheibert was a representative of the conservative professorships, was one of the moving actors of the Federal Freedom of Science in Marburg and Hesse with Ernst Nolte and several times brought administrative judicial processes against his own department .

Scheibert was invited as a visiting professor at Indiana University Bloomington in 1963, at Columbia University in 1972/73 , at the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars in 1975/76 and, after his retirement in 1981, at the University of California . In 1987 he moved back to Berlin from Marburg.

Scheibert's decision to join the SS in 1942 was intended to appeal to Nicolaus Sombart , who was eight years his junior , by saying that “there are highly intelligent and cultured people in the high ranks who are consciously working towards the formation of a European elite, a kind of new nobility who Future aristocracy. The vulgar Nazism they despised. "Schei Bert's alleged affinity to fascist ideas to Männerbundphantasmen was his academic students as Sombart" strange portrait "in a footnote treated Schei Bert's activities in Künsberg command and the Reich Security Main Office was called" "means to be" art rescue Official mandate ”has not yet been questioned by them.

Fonts

  • Lenin in power. The Russian people in the revolution 1918–1922. Verlag Acta humaniora, Weinheim 1984, ISBN 3-527-17503-2 .
  • The Russian agrarian reform of 1861. Its problems and the state of their research (= contributions to the history of Eastern Europe. Volume 10). Böhlau publishing house, Cologne / Vienna 1973.
  • The Russian political parties from 1905 to 1917. A documentation volume . Ed. U. introduced by Peter Scheibert. Scientific Book Society, Darmstadt 1972.
  • From Bakunin to Lenin. History of Russian Revolutionary Ideologies, 1840–1895 . (= Studies on the History of Eastern Europe. III /. 1). Volume 1: The Formation of Radical Thought in Confrontation with German Idealism and the French Bourgeoisie . EJ Brill, Leiden 1956, OCLC 86141124 .
  • Bernhard Sticker , Peter Scheibert: The plight of the German scientific journals . German Research Foundation, Bad Godesberg 1952, DNB 454884338 .
  • People and State in Finland in the first half of the last century . Plischke, Breslau 1941. (= dissertation, Berlin 1941).
  • On the political development of White Ruthenianism . S. Hirzel Verlag, Leipzig 1940.
  • The Petrine Empire. In: Russia. (= Fischer Weltgeschichte. Volume 31). ed. u. authored together with Carsten Goehrke, Manfred Hellmann u. Richard Lorenz. Fischer Taschenbuch Verlag, Frankfurt am Main 1973, pp. 175–270.

literature

in order of appearance

  • Inge Auerbach, Andreas Hillgruber , Gottfried Schramm (ed.): Fields and forefields of Russian history. Studies in honor of Peter Scheibert . Rombach, Freiburg 1985, ISBN 3-7930-9038-8 .
  • Nicolaus Sombart : Youth in Berlin. 1933-1943. A report. Extended and revised edition. Fischer-Taschenbuch-Verlag, Frankfurt am Main 1991, ISBN 3-596-10526-9 .
  • Inge Auerbach, Hans Lemberg (Ed.): Peter Scheibert to the memory. Obituaries, memories, appreciations . Marburg University Library , Marburg 1997, ISBN 3-8185-0228-5 .
  • Ulrike Hartung: Raids in the Soviet Union. The Künsberg special command 1941–1943 . Temmen, Bremen 1997, ISBN 3-86108-319-1 .
  • Biographical manual of the German Foreign Service 1871–1945. Volume 4: p . Published by the Foreign Office, Historical Service, edited by: Bernd Isphording, Gerhard Keiper, Martin Kröger. Schöningh, Paderborn 2012, ISBN 978-3-506-71843-3 , p. 53 f.
  • Esther Abel: Art theft - Ostforschung - University career. The Eastern European historian Peter Scheibert. Schöningh, Paderborn 2016, ISBN 978-3-506-78543-5 .
  • Esther Abel: Peter Scheibert. In: Michael Fahlbusch, Ingo Haar, Andreas Pinwinkler (Hrsg.): Handbuch der Völkischen Wissenschaften. Volume 1, de Gruyter, Oldenburg 2017, ISBN 978-3-11-042989-3 , pp. 704–708.
  • Egbert Jahn, Inge Auerbach: The Eastern European historian Peter Scheibert. Notes on a failed biography. In: Eastern Europe . Issue 1–2, 2017, pp. 27–59.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ A b c d e Nicolaus Sombart: Youth in Berlin. 1933-1943 . 1991, pp. 119-121.
  2. a b c d e f Biographical handbook of the German Foreign Service 1871–1945. Volume 4, pp. 53f.
  3. ^ Inge Auerbach: Peter Scheibert - his scientific work. In: Inge Auerbach, Hans Lemberg (Ed.): Peter Scheibert to memory. 1997, p. 14 f.
  4. ^ Inge Auerbach: Peter Scheibert - his scientific work. In: Inge Auerbach, Hans Lemberg (Ed.): Peter Scheibert to memory. 1997, p. 14, footnote 7
  5. on the white book see: Foreign Office (Ed.): White Book No. 3 - Polish documents on the prehistory of the war . Rather, Berlin 1940 .
  6. Ulrike Hartung: Raids in the Soviet Union: the Künsberg special command 1941–1943. P. 78, p. 122, fn. 414.
  7. Ulrike Hartung: Raids in the Soviet Union: the Künsberg special command 1941–1943. P. 103, p. 126.
  8. Ulrike Hartung: Raids in the Soviet Union: the Künsberg special command 1941–1943. P. 85.
  9. It is different, however, Lutz Klinkhammer 1992, p. 508, see web links
  10. ^ Lutz Klinkhammer : Art protection in the propaganda war. In: Christian Fuhrmeister, Johannes Griebel, Stephan Klingen, Ralf Peters (eds.): Art historians in the war. German military protection of art in Italy 1943–1945 . Böhlau, Cologne 2012, pp. 49–73, here pp. 52ff.
  11. Reimer Wulff: The life path of Peter Scheibert. In: Inge Auerbach, Hans Lemberg (Ed.): Peter Scheibert to memory. 1997, p. 8.
  12. ^ Ernst Klee : The dictionary of persons on the Third Reich. Frankfurt am Main 2007, p. 528f.
  13. Hans-Joachim Drexhage : Opening by the dean. In: Inge Auerbach, Hans Lemberg (Ed.): Peter Scheibert to memory. 1997, p. 4.
  14. ^ Hans Lemberg: Eastern European history - an academic subject. In: Inge Auerbach, Hans Lemberg (Ed.): Peter Scheibert to memory. 1997, p. 30, fn. 17
  15. Gottfried Schramm: Peter Scheibert on his 65th birthday . reprinted in: Inge Auerbach, Hans Lemberg (Ed.): Peter Scheibert zum Gedächtnis. 1997, p. 63.
  16. ^ Inge Auerbach, Andreas Hillgruber, Gottfried Schramm (eds.): Fields and Vorfelder Russian history. 1985, p. 9.
  17. A reply to Esther Abel's dissertation, with references to the inaccuracies it contained, see Rolf Wörsdörfer: Stalin at least brought order to the revolution. In: Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung. September 13, 2017, p. N3.