Petite Camargue Alsacienne

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The moorland in the Petite Camargue Alsacienne

The Petite Camargue Alsacienne is a nature reserve in the alluvial forests of the Rhine in Sundgau , in southern Alsace , France, near Basel between Bartenheim -la-Chaussée, Rosenau , Village-Neuf and Saint-Louis .

history

Main building of the pond administration

In 1852, the Imperial Fish Farm in Hüningen in Alsace was founded by the French naturalist Jean Victor Coste in the former floodplain of the Rhine to raise Atlantic salmon . It provided salmon spawn for release to rivers around the world. Due to the damming of the Rhine and especially its pollution, it was no longer possible in 1950 to breed salmon. It was not until the environmental disaster in Schweizerhalle on November 1, 1986 that people started to think again. Since 2000 salmon have been bred on a large scale again.

In 1973, conservationists were granted the right to use the fish farming area and thus saved the unique floodplain landscape. In 1982 the moor and the alluvial forests were designated as the first nature reserve in Alsace. The area is characterized by the alternation of wet and dry areas. In 2006 the nature reserve was expanded to 904 hectares and placed under a new decree of the French state that regulates the protection, research and agricultural use in the reserve. Dredging oxbow branches of the Rhine and periodic flooding made it possible to revive the floodplain area.

fauna and Flora

Petite Camargue Alsacienne in winter
The chiffchaff sings out of some bushes.
Blooming white water lily in one of the many ponds.
The Siberian iris occurs in the swampy meadows of the Petite Camargue Alsacienne.

The insects that can be found in the Petite Camargue Alsacienne include 40 types of dragonflies (including the little pitch dragonfly , the fire dragonfly and, since 2003, the Helmet-Azure damsel ) and 35 species of the right winged ( orthopters ), including the grasshoppers, crickets and earwigs. 40 species of butterflies, such as the blood droplet or the black vetch , live here. After an inventory of the beetles in the nature reserve, species of 160 ground beetles (Carabidae), 176 rove beetles (Staphylinidae) and 50 weevils (in the broader sense Curculionoidea) were detected. The high value of the Petite Camargue Alsacienne as a nature reserve is also evident from the fact that 35% of the ground beetles detected here and 25% of the weevils are on red lists. At least 237 vertebrate species live in and around the networked water system. These are a total of 12 species of fish, amphibians 16 (u. A. Newt , Gelbbauchunke , Kreuzkröte , frog ) and 5 reptiles (u. A. Ringelnatter , Zauneidechse , wall lizard ). The area is particularly well known for its nightingales . From mid-April to early June, around 50 nightingales sing during the night. A total of 174 bird species have been recorded, including 76 breeding birds (u. A. Kingfisher, Black Kite , Gray-headed Woodpecker , Middle Spotted Woodpecker , Little Bittern ). Above all, you can hear the voices and chants of the kingfisher , gray heron , fieldfare , wren and chiffchaff . Lapwing , marsh harrier , nightingale, tree frog and garden dormouse can be seen here. The 30 mammal species include hazel and harvest mouse, badger, deer and wild boar. At least five bat species find a habitat in the Petite Camargue Alsacienne. Scottish highland cattle have been grazing the reed meadows as natural lawnmowers since 1990. Two years after the introduction of the Scottish Highland cattle in the Petite Camargue Alsacienne, the number of flowering plants increased from 42 to 60 species. New orchid species are the flesh-colored orchid and the helmet orchid . A total of 15 orchids can be admired. The Siberian iris , the carnation , the mountain aster and the swamp gladiolus are under national protection in France. 35 species are under regional protection, including the marsh stendrums , the Lachenals water fennel and the common pimpernut . 28 angiosperm aquatic plants and 7 chandelier algae were detected in the waters . Often found in the Petite Camargue are Berchtold's dwarf pondweed , misjudged water hose , common candelabrum and fragile candelabrum . Rare and endangered species include the small water hose and the large mermaid .

Biotope types

The nine differently humid habitat types form the basis for the biodiversity of the area. The Petite Camargue Alsacienne is a mosaic of wet lowlands, reed beds , arms of the Old Rhine, wet meadows , dry grass , hay meadows, alluvial forests , groundwater sources and intensively used arable land. You can visit this unique nature on the various paths and with the help of numerous observation points and huts.

Exhibitions on the history of the Rhine and salmon farming can be visited. The 150 m² exhibition "Mémoire de Saumon" shows historical aspects as well as the current functions of fish farmers and the importance of salmon farming for the Rhine. "Mémoire du Rhin" shows the development of the Petite Camargue to a diverse natural and cultural landscape on 400 m² in the buildings of the imperial fish farm.

Books

  • Heiner Lenzin: Petite Camargue Alsacienne . Christoph Merian, 2004, ISBN 978-3-85616-216-0 .
  • Aude Boissaye: The jungle on the Rhine / Petite Camargue Alsacienne . Editions DNA, 2006, ISBN 978-2-7165-0589-5 .
  • Jean Paul Binnert: The Imperial Fish Farm Hüningen in Saint-Louis Neuweg . JPB Publishing House, 1999.

Web links

Commons : Petite Camargue alsacienne  - collection of images, videos and audio files
Wikisource: J. Meyer: A walk through the Kaiserliche Fischzucht-Anstalt near Hüningen . In: Volksblatt. A weekly magazine with pictures. Year 1878, No. 29, pp. 227–229, No. 30, pp. 234–238, No. 50, pp. 396–397  - Sources and full texts

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b History of the Petite Camargue Alsacienne. Petite Camargue Alsacienne research station, accessed March 30, 2009 .
  2. ^ Petite Camargue Alsacienne. In: www.wwf-bs.ch. October 27, 2015, accessed April 7, 2016 .
  3. ^ Christian Rust: Petite Camargue Alsacienne - dragonfly paradise in the southern Upper Rhine plain . Ed .: mercuriale - DRAGONS IN BADEN-WÜRTTEMBERG. 2004, p. 2-5 .
  4. ↑ Brochure of the Réserve Naturelle, Petite Camargue Alsacienne , available on site
  5. ↑ Regio nature - nature and landscape of the region of Basel. In: www.regionatur.ch. Retrieved April 7, 2016 .
  6. ↑ Henryk Luka, Christoph Germann, Werner Marggi, Peter Nagel, Agata Luka, Heiner Lenzin, Andreas Ochsenbein and Heinz Durrer: Beetles of the "Petite Camargue Alsacienne" nature reserve, Saint-Louis, Haut-Rhin, France (Carabidae, Staphylinidae, Curculionoidea) Annotated species lists, as of 2012 . Ed .: Natural research societies of both Basel. 2013, p. 79-124 .
  7. ↑ Only singles sing at night. NZZ, June 6, 2004, accessed March 30, 2009 .
  8. ↑ Petite Camargue Alsacienne - Birdsong. In: www.petitecamarguealsacienne.com. Retrieved April 7, 2016 .
  9. ^ Petite Camargue Alsacienne. SWR, May 9, 2006, accessed March 30, 2009 .
  10. ^ Research Petite Camargue Alsacienne. Petite Camargue Alsacienne research station, accessed March 30, 2009 .
  11. ↑ Laurent Schley, Michel Leytem: Extensive grazing with cattle in nature conservation: a short literature review with regard to the influences on biodiversity . Bull. Soc. Nat. luxemb. 105, 2004, p. 65–85 Archived copy ( Memento of the original dated December 6, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.environnement.public.lu
  12. ↑ Petite Camargue Alsacienne - Natural habitats. In: petitecamarguealsacienne.com. Retrieved April 7, 2016 .
  13. ^ Effi Glöckler: Hydrophytes in the Petite Camargue Alsacienne Alsace (France) . BAUHINIA, 2001, p. 57-68 .
  14. ^ Petite Camargue Alsacienne - permanent exhibitions. In: petitecamarguealsacienne.com. Retrieved April 7, 2016 .

Coordinates: 47 ° 37 ′ 21 ″  N , 7 ° 32 ′ 6 ″  E