Marchegg parish church

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Catholic parish church hl. Margaretha in Marchegg

The Roman Catholic parish church is located in the center of the town of Marchegg in the Gänserndorf district in Lower Austria . The church, consecrated to St. Margaretha , belongs to the Marchfeld deanery in the Vicariate Unter dem Manhartsberg of the Archdiocese of Vienna . The church is a listed building .

history

Parish history

After his victory over the Hungarians at the Battle "at Kressenbrunn" in 1260, King of Bohemia founded Przemysl Otakar II . and the Olomouc Bishop Bruno von Schauenburg (Schaumburg) the town of Marchegg. Bishop Bruno planned to build a diocese in it (on the foundations of the Great Moravian St. Methodius Archdiocese), which, like Prague, would be subordinate to the Archdiocese of Olomouc. The construction of a cathedral (today's parish church) also began here; it was supposed to be the first in today's Lower and Upper Austria and with the city of St. Margareta to be consecrated. The first documentary mention of the church can be found in a letter of gift from King Przemysl Ottokar II . In the year 1278 Rudolf I took the church and its possessions under his special protection, after he had rescued him from mortal danger in the battle of Dürnkrut " God near the Church of Marchekke " (with Franz Grillparzer). The next mention refers to Marchegg as the vicariate of the Melk parish in Weikendorf and the Melk monastery as the owner of the patronage . As a sign of branch dependency , Marchegg had to make annual payments to the Weikendorf parish from 1410 onwards.

In 1429 Marchegg appears in a directory of parishes and benefices of the Diocese of Passau , before the parish was filled with preachers by the Protestant landlords during the Reformation . On May 26, 1621, in the course of the Counter-Reformation, power was handed over to Paul Pálffy with the stipulation that " the parish should be looked after and the preachers abolished there ".

In 1632 Palffy was looking for the parish, presumably by since the end of the 15th century Paulians from Marianka was administered to a secular priest at. Since he could not be found, the Paulines sent their own pastor to Marchegg in 1634.

The Marchegg parish has belonged to the Archdiocese of Vienna since 1784 . Today belongs to the deanery Marchfeld in the vicariate Unter dem Manhartsberg of the Archdiocese of Vienna.

Building history

The church was founded in 1260 together with the town of Marchegg by King Přemysl Ottokar II of Bohemia and Bruno von Schauenburg , Bishop of Ölmütz. The medieval city layout was planned by means of an axilla. The longitudinal axis of the nave was oriented on Maundy Thursday , April 5, 1268 and the longitudinal axis of the choir on Easter Sunday , April 8, 1268, so that the church building has a slight bend . Ottokar II had planned a large, three-aisled cathedral, the floor plan of which corresponded to that of the southern French cathedral. (prof. Kuthan) As archaeological investigations in 1998 showed, the portal point of the planned nave is about seven meters outside of today's church entrance. From this plan only the choir and the foundations of the nave were carried out.

During the deployment of the Ottoman troops for the first Turkish siege of Vienna in 1529 and 1634 during the Thirty Years' War , the church suffered severe damage, so that only the choir could be used as a church until the second half of the 18th century.

From 1786 to 1790, Count Karl Pálffy had a much smaller nave building built. First of all, on March 26, 1786, the cemetery around the church was closed. The danger of collapsing as a roof turret executed Tower ( " capuchin turret ") was removed in 1787 the roof covered same and run to 1789 of the church bell tower extension with a new. In 1790 the bells could be transferred to the new tower and the services could be celebrated in the newly designed church.

As early as 1850, the new tower threatened to collapse, so that it had to be demolished, the main entrance of the church blocked and the nave supported. In 1853, Prince Anton Pálffy commissioned the construction of a new church tower that rests on 170 oak trunks. This was completed in 1855 and received a new galvanically gold-plated iron tower cross. A renovation of the interior of the church followed, which was completed in 1856. In the years 1890 and 1895 the church received new stained glass windows.

During the First World War in 1917 the copper had to be removed from the frame and the windows of the church tower and replaced with zinc sheet and in January 1918 the organ pipes were requisitioned for war purposes .

During the shelling of Marchegg in 1945 during the Second World War , the church received seven hits, which caused only minor damage. During a renovation of the ceiling in 1960, several frescoes were found, two of which were saved.

Building description

Outside

Southeast view of the parish church of St. Margaretha

The dominant high choir under a steep gable roof from the third quarter of the 13th century has high two-lane tracery windows between multi-stepped buttresses with water hammer and a surrounding coffin cornice . On the south side there is an early Gothic sacristy with a rectangular window to the south and east and a steep pent roof . The two-storey oratorio extension, which was rebuilt under Karl Graf Pálffy in 1789, with a small south-facing arched window under a pent roof connects to the sacristy . The connecting piece of the early Gothic polygon of the unfinished aisle was also used during the renovation . An early Gothic console has been preserved on the north side of the choir, under which the current staircase to the choir roof area is located.

To the west of the choir is the significantly lower late Baroque nave with a simple facade design and segmented arched windows between low buttresses . The nave is closed by a gable roof and has two oculi lying one above the other in the westernmost area .

The equally simple facade of the west tower from 1855 has a pointed arch portal, pointed arch sound windows and a steep pointed helmet crowned by a slender clover-leaf cross. The eaves cornice of the nave continues in a cordon cornice on the three exposed sides of the tower ground floor. A clock tower is located above this cornice on each of the three sides.

Inside

Interior view towards the presbytery

The low nave is flat-roofed and has a three - part cross - vaulted gallery that rests on pillars. A round arched triumphal arch forms the transition to the much higher three-bay and spacious choir with five-eighth end .

The choir is closed off by a ribbed vault from around 1320. The delicately profiled ribs end in the bundled services with high chalice capitals cut off in the yokes . The figural keystones show Saint Margaretha, the Lamb of God flanked by two frescoes of Peter and John that were uncovered in 1960 , a leaf ornament and a head in a laurel wreath, which is probably to be interpreted as a reference to Ottokar, the victor.

Under the windows of the choir, parts of a surrounding coffin cornice have been preserved. Next to a former sacristy door on the south side, which was walled up around 1300, is a three-part session niche with cloverleaf arches and figural or foliage consoles.

The early Gothic sacristy and the two-storey oratory are closed by a baroque cross vault.

Furnishing

Altarpiece of the high altar

The baroque high altar from 1660 rises above the mighty raw stone of the original altar table. It has a two-storey altarpiece , which is decorated with rich cartilage decoration . The gilded altar is made of wood and extends into the vaulted dome, so that the central window, which was aligned after sunrise at Easter 1268, lost its function and was walled up. The altarpiece depicts St. Margaretha and was painted in 1855 by Karl Wurzinger from Leopold Kupelwieser's school as a replacement for the original altarpiece "Savior on the Cross". The altarpiece is flanked by white altar figures. On the left side these are St. Florian , on the right side John the Baptist . Above them are St. Elisabeth of Hungary (called in Marchegg like St. Anna) and St. Margaret of Hungary (Dominican) (called in Marchegg like a nun). At the top are St. Catherine of Alexandria (with the bike) and St. Barbara of Nicomedia . The figures on both sides are complemented by angel figures. The figure of St. Joseph stands in a niche in the altar structure , the reredos are crowned by a figure of the Archangel Michael .

The secessionist niche altar was designed in 1909 by Hans Prutscher on behalf of Franz Groiß, who donated it on the occasion of his 25th anniversary as pastor of Misterbach. It is a rare work because there are only three altars of this type. In the middle is a Sacred Heart statue from the previous altar from the end of the 19th century. A high rosary frames the statues of Saints Anna and Joachim as well as Joseph and Mary.

The baroque pulpit was erected in 1725 and shows a rare depiction of a Pietà on the sound cover : the dead son is not lying on Mary's lap, but on his father's lap (“ Godfather Pieta ”). The dove of the Holy Spirit hovers on the underside of the sound cover and there are reliefs of the evangelist symbols on the pulpit .

Stations of the Cross from the first half of the 19th century and the stained glass windows from the beginning of the 20th century complete the furnishings.

organ

The instrument built in 1890 by the organ workshop Johann Drabek & Söhne was replaced by a new Ahlborn organ in 1970 . On May 27, 2018, thanks to the initiative of Franz Hubek and Eduard Wintera and the organ restorer Matthias Müller from Magdeburg, the organ was able to play again for the first time in 48 years.

Bells

In both world wars, the church bells were confiscated and melted down for armament purposes. Because of its historical value, only the large, medieval bell from 1409, which was hanging in the “Capuchin Tower” before 1787, was not requested.

After the Second World War, two new bells were purchased and consecrated on May 9, 1954. Together with the old bell and a death bell, they complement the ringing of the parish church.

Relics

The relic of St. Margarethe under the people's altar.

The relics of St. Margaret, a fragment of the skull, were imported at the time of Premysl Otakar II, presumably by the Olomouc bishop Bruno von Schaumburg, from the cathedral in Montefiascone (they had been there since 1145) or from Venice (since 1213). He could also have received this from Pope Alexander IV for an important cathedral, such as the planned cathedral in Marchegg, in 1260. The church was never completed by Przemysl Otakar II and therefore these relics of St. Margaret intended for this cathedral have remained in Olomouc to this day. Today they stand under the stone folk altar in a glass reliquary. As the inscription says, it is a gift from the Archdiocese of Olomouc.

literature

Web links

Commons : Parish Church Marchegg  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Premysl statue and Olomouc relic at Marchegg city anniversary. Retrieved November 6, 2018 .
  2. ↑ a b parish history accessed on November 24, 2014
  3. ^ Erwin Reidinger : Urban planning in the high Middle Ages: Wiener Neustadt - Marchegg - Vienna. In: European cities in the Middle Ages, research and contributions to the history of Vienna. Volume 52, Vienna 2010, pp. 155–176, ISBN 978-3-7065-4856-4 ; Erwin Reidinger: Marchegg - Easter Sunday 1268. In: Der Sternenbote, Austrian monthly astronomical journal. No. 551/2002, Volume 45, Issue 6, ISSN  0039-1271 pp. 102-106.
  4. ↑ a b c d Dehio Lower Austria north of the Danube 1990 , pp. 711–712.
  5. ↑ a b Parish Church of St. Margaretha on "pfarremarchegg.at" accessed on November 24, 2014
  6. ^ Organ consecration in Marchegg . In: mein district.at . ( mein district.at [accessed on November 6, 2018]).
  7. ↑ Relic finally at home after 750 years . ( noen.at [accessed on November 6, 2018]).

Coordinates: 48 ° 16 ′ 42.3 "  N , 16 ° 54 ′ 35"  E