Polanka Wielka
| Polanka Wielka | |||
|---|---|---|---|
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| Basic data | |||
| State : | Poland | ||
| Voivodeship : | Lesser Poland | ||
| Powiat : | Oświęcimski | ||
| Gmina : | Polanka Wielka | ||
| Area : | 24.08 km² | ||
| Geographic location : | 49 ° 59 ' N , 19 ° 19' E | ||
| Height : | 245-285 m npm | ||
| Residents : | 4290 (2016-06-30) | ||
| Postal code : | 32-607 | ||
| Telephone code : | (+48) 33 | ||
| License plate : | KOS | ||
Polanka Wielka is a village in the powiat Oświęcimski of the Lesser Poland Voivodeship in Poland . It is the only sołectwo (i.e. with Schulzenamt) of the rural community of the same name , with around 4300 inhabitants.
geography
The place is about 10 km southeast of the city of Oświęcim (Auschwitz). The neighboring towns are Poręba Wielka and Włosienica in the north, Przeciszów and Piotrowice in the east, Osiek and Głębowice in the south, and Grojec in the east.
history
The place was mentioned as the parish Polenko or Polenka in the Peterspfennigregister of the year 1326 in the deanery Zator of the diocese of Krakow . The name is topographical and is the diminutive form of the word polana (German clearing in forest).
Politically, the village originally belonged to the Duchy of Opole-Ratibor ( Kastellanei Auschwitz) during the period of Polish particularism . The duchy was divided in 1281 after the death of Wladislaus I von Opole . Since 1290 the village belonged to the Duchy of Teschen and since 1315 to the Duchy of Auschwitz . Since 1327 the duchy was under the feudal rule of the Kingdom of Bohemia .
The salary of the local priest Tillo in the year 1326 was the highest in the deanery Zator west of the Skawa and the parish consisted only of this village. Possibly it was a market place on the trade route from Zator to Oświęcim, but the road through Przeciszów had more traffic until the 16th century. According to the calculations of the historian Ładogórski, the village already had 750 inhabitants in the 14th century. 1378 the priest was Fridini de Polonka or Frydlin (o) in 1395. In 1396 the village was named Polancza Antiqua in the document of Duke Johann III. mentioned. The older village, most likely Polanka Dolna (about Lower Polanka ), was down in the east, while the not yet mentioned, second village (later Polanka Górna , Upper Polanka ) would be founded up in the west. In 1400, an unidentified village of Keimanndorf was mentioned once in a German-language document from King Wenceslaus IV of Prague , which Kurt Lück had allied with Polanka in 1934, while Józef Putek thought four years later that it was Smolice with Zator.
In 1457 the Duchy of Auschwitz, including Polanka Antiqua and Nowa Polanka , was bought by the Polish king. Subsequently, the Duchy of Auschwitz was completely attached to the Kingdom of Poland in 1564, as the Silesia District of the Krakow Voivodeship of the Polish-Lithuanian aristocratic republic (from 1569) .
From 1437 it was pawned by the Krakow citizens Jerzy Szwarc. From 1441 it belonged to the Myszkowski family, strong supporters of Calvinism during the Reformation . In the second half of the 16th century, the church, built in 1550, became the seat of a reformed parish. In the year 1560 two places were mentioned: Villas Polianka Nowa et Antiqua , after that mostly as a village Polianka . Around 1600 with over 400 inhabitants, the village was one of the largest places in the Silesia region.
During the first partition of Poland , Polanka Wielka came to the new Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria of the Habsburg Empire in 1772 (from 1804). After the abolition of patrimonial it formed a parish in the Biała District from 1850 and in the Oświęcim District from 1910 .
In 1918, after the end of the First World War and the collapse of the Austro-Hungarian monarchy, Polanka Wielka came to Poland. This was only interrupted by the occupation of Poland by the Wehrmacht in World War II . It then belonged to the district of Bielitz in the administrative district of Katowice in the province of Silesia (since 1941 province of Upper Silesia ).
From 1975 to 1998 Polanka Wielka was part of the Bielsko-Biała Voivodeship .
Attractions
- Catholic wooden church (1658), on the wooden architecture route of Lesser Poland;
- Palace (1769), possibly on the site of a small wooden castle (12th century) or a protective courtyard (15th century)
Wooden church
palace
Web links
- Polanka Wielka . In: Filip Sulimierski, Władysław Walewski (eds.): Słownik geograficzny Królestwa Polskiego i innych krajów słowiańskich . tape 8 : Perepiatycha – Pożajście . Walewskiego, Warsaw 1887, p. 568 (Polish, edu.pl ).
Individual evidence
- ↑ January Ptaśnik (editor): Monumenta Poloniae Vaticana T.1 Acta Apostolicae Camerae. Vol. 1, 1207-1344 . Sums. Academiae Litterarum Cracoviensis, Cracoviae 1913, pp. 147-150 ( online ).
- ^ Paweł Mostowik: Z dziejów Księstwa Oświęcimskiego i Zatorskiego XII-XVI w . Toruń 2005, ISBN 83-7441-175-9 , Aneks. Miejscowości ziemi oświęcimsko-zatorskiej, p. 181 (Polish).
- ↑ Ignacy Rychlik: Księstwa oświęcimskie i zatorskie . Tarnów 1889, p. 26 (Polish, online ).
- ↑ German settlement of Malopolska and Rotreussens in the 15th century . Edited u. drawn by Kurt Lück, 1934.
- ↑ P. Mostowik, 2005, p. 164.
- ^ Krzysztof Rafał Prokop: Księstwa oświęcimskie i zatorskie wobec Korony Polskiej w latach 1438-1513. Dzieje polityczne . PAU , Kraków 2002, ISBN 83-8885731-2 , p. 151 (Polish).
- ↑ Dz.U. 1975 no 17 poz. 92 (Polish) (PDF file; 783 kB)
- ↑ The St. Nikolai Church in Polanka Wielka. Retrieved May 2, 2019 .