Polder Daxlander Au

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Gravel works on both sides of the main Rhine dike, on the right the Daxlander Au

The Daxlander Au polder (also known as Daxlander Wiesen in the 19th century ) is a retention area to protect against flooding on the Upper Rhine . The polder lies in the area of ​​the city of Hagenbach and the municipality of Neuburg am Rhein in the Rhineland-Palatinate district of Germersheim .

history

The name Daxlander Au refers to the location on the other side of the Rhine, and today Karlsruhe belonging Daxlanden , the area was in possession since at least 1407th In that year the Archbishop of Cologne decided a dispute between the Elector Palatinate and the Margrave of Baden over hunting rights in the Daxlander Au in favor of Baden. Regardless of the decision, the rights of use in the Daxlander Au remained disputed until the beginning of the 19th century.

How Daxlanden came into possession of the area is not known; possibly the area lay on the right of the Rhine in the 12th century. What is certain is that in 1146 a navigable arm of the Rhine, today's Hagenbacher Altrhein , led directly past Hagenbach. In 1595 this course of the Rhine was sealed off; From this point in time at the latest, the Daxlander Au was left of the Rhine. In 1772, the Daxlander Au is described as an area with forest and meadows, in which there were several gullies and depressions that were filled with fish when the Rhine flooded.

In the south of the polder is the Frohnau (also Fronau ), first mentioned in 1440 and also belonging to Daxlanden. The name is derived from the Old High German frôno , “belonging to the Lord”, and refers to a manorial area or an area awarded against certain services and taxes. In 1652 parts of Frohnau were ceded to Neuburg am Rhein; other parts of the Frohnau went under when an average was created around this time to protect the village of Daxlanden.

When the Rhine was corrected according to plans by Johann Gottfried Tulla , the Neuburg and Daxland intersections were created in the 1820s , which largely straightened the course of the river. The meander around the Rappenwörth, east of the Daxlander Au, and the course of the river through the Goldgrund in the north became the old Rhine . Around 1818 there was a dike, the location of which roughly corresponds to today's Rhine main dike. In 1882 the communities of Hagenbach and Neuburg built a summer dike to protect the fields in front of the main Rhine dike from the annual summer floods.

The summer dyke broke when the Rhine floods in January 1955 ( Historical Image Archive of the Federal Waterways )

During a flood in January 1955, the summer dike broke in three places. Attempts to secure the breaking point by hammering in wooden bars failed. In 1956 the summer dike and the main Rhine dike were extensively renovated.

Polders

The summer dike is overflowed during a flood in August 2007.

Since 1997, the Daxlander Au has been one of the polders of the Integrated Rhine Program (IRP), which aims to restore protection from a 200-year flood on the Upper Rhine . This protection was lost in the course of the construction of barrages on the German-French border and the dike in floodplains . 1.46 million euros were invested in the Daxlander Au. The main Rhine dike was raised by 60 centimeters and widened on the inside. In calculations to check the effectiveness of IRP measures, the Daxlander Au is taken into account as the new retention volume. It is argued that this polder was secured in its function as an existing floodplain.

The polder lies between the Rhine kilometers 356.5 and 359.5 and covers an area of ​​166 hectares , on which up to 5.1 million cubic meters of water can be retained. The southern part of the polder lies directly on the Rhine; in the north, the Daxlander Aue borders on the area of ​​the nature reserve Goldgrund which is not diked . Most of the polder area is used for agriculture. A predominantly forest area in the south of the polder belongs to the Stixwörth nature reserve . A good quarter of the polder area is taken up by a quarry pond in which gravel continues to be extracted. The area around a former brickworks in Frohnau belongs to the municipality of Neuburg am Rhein, all other areas are part of the district of the city of Hagenbach.

The summer dike, also known as Vordeich, is laid out at a water level of 8.40 m at the Maxau gauge, which roughly corresponds to a ten-year flood. When this water level is exceeded, water flows over the summer dike into the polder. When the water level drops, the summer dike in the northeast of the polder is opened so that the water can flow off over the gold ground.

The German Association for Water Management, Sewage and Waste classifies the Daxlander Aue polder as a summer polder that occupies a "hybrid position" between an uncontrolled and a controlled polder. There are other summer polders with a total volume of 70 million cubic meters on the Upper Rhine in the Hessian Ried below Worms .

Web links

Commons : Daxlander Au  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b map of the course of the Rhine from Basel to Grossh. Hessian border. In: Max Honsell : The correction of the Upper Rhine: From the Swiss border below Basel to the Grossh. Hessian border below Mannheim; especially the Baden stake in the company. Braun, Karlsruhe 1885. ( Digital copy , PDF, 53.2 MB)
  2. ^ Chronicle of Daxlanden on the website of the city of Karlsruhe, accessed on May 8, 2019.
    See: Richard Fester , Heinrich Witte , Albert Krieger : Regesten der Markgrafen von Baden 1050–1431. Margraves of Hachberg 1218–1428. (= Regest of the Margraves of Baden and Hachberg, 1050–1515 , Volume 1), Wagner, Innsbruck 1900, No. 2384 ( online ).
  3. ^ Hermann Dreizehnter: Hagenbach. Stations in its rich history. Local community Hagenbach, Hagenbach 1999, pp. 257-259.
  4. ↑ Ernst Schneider: The Karlsruhe natural landscape as reflected in the field names. In: Zeitschrift für die Geschichte des Oberrheins 108 (1960), ISSN  0044-2607 , pp. 134-184, here p. 143 f.
  5. ^ Schneider, Karlsruher Naturlandschaft , p. 144.
  6. ↑ a b c d Ministry of the Environment, Agriculture, Food, Viticulture and Forests Rhineland-Palatinate: Water Management Themed Trail - Flood Protection on the Upper Rhine - The Daxlander Au Polder (as of May 7, 2019).
  7. ^ Structure and Approval Directorate South , Ministry for the Environment, Energy, Food and Forests Rhineland-Palatinate (ed.): Technical flood protection measures on the Upper Rhine in Rhineland-Palatinate - an overview. February 2016, p. 3 (pdf, 6.4 MB)
  8. ↑ Dreizehnter, Hagenbach , p. 385.
  9. ↑ Standing Commission - Sub-Working Group Proof of Effectiveness (Ed.): Proof of the effectiveness of the flood retention measures on the Upper Rhine between Basel and Worms. Interim report autumn 2016. p. 12 (pdf, 1.9 MB)
  10. ^ German Association for Water Management, Sewage and Waste eV (Ed.): Flutpolder. DWA, Hennef 2014, ISBN 978-3-942964-81-4 , p. 48 f.

Coordinates: 49 ° 0 ′ 14 "  N , 8 ° 16 ′ 43"  E