Integrated Rhine program
" Integrated Rhine Program " (IRP) describes an important and extensive national flood prevention project (initiated by Baden-Württemberg in 1982) along the southern and northern Upper Rhine , with the flood waves of the Rhine, especially for cities below the Iffezheim barrage such as. B. Mannheim, Ludwigshafen, etc. reduced and their vertices should be removed from the tips. The retention of the flood waves in the Rhine is intended to ensure that the flood from other tributaries such as. E.g. Neckar and other tributaries do not meet at the same time.
In addition, the IRP is associated with an ecological upgrading of the areas concerned: the construction of polders and retention areas is intended to restore the vegetation that previously prevailed on the softwood and hardwood meadows ( -> floodplain ).
meaning
The Upper Rhine plays a key role in flood prevention on the Middle and Lower Rhine : Due to the expansion of the Rhine to Iffezheim , for example , floods from the Alps now flow much faster towards the Middle Rhine, between Basel and Worms, for example. B. in two instead of four days as before. This has increased the risk that any high water peaks of the Neckar , Main and Moselle will overlap with those of the Upper Rhine instead of running off one after the other.
During the expansion of the Upper Rhine, the " Rhine straightening " (" rectification ") from 1817 by Johann Gottfried Tulla , Max Honsell and by the French state, flood areas of around 123 km² were lost. With the Integrated Rhine Program , the neighboring states or states of France , the Federal Ministry of Transport and Digital Infrastructure , Baden-Württemberg , Rhineland-Palatinate and Hesse are attempting to set up retention areas for over 1.4 billion euros by around 2028 below Iffezheim to restore at least some of the flood retention areas that existed before the expansion of the Upper Rhine (1955) .
aims
The aim is to limit the flood peak of a flood that occurs every 200 years on average before the Rhine expansion (1955):
- for the area from Iffezheim to the mouth of the Neckar on a discharge of 5000 m³ / s at the Maxau gauge (today: 5700 m³ / s = HQ200),
- for the area below the Neckar estuary to a discharge of 6000 m³ / s at the Worms gauge (today: 6700 m³ / s = HQ200).
activities
Planned
- through France: special operation of the Rhine power plants and construction of the two polder Erstein and Moder
- through Baden-Württemberg: construction of 13 polders
- through Rhineland-Palatinate: construction of polders and relocation of dikes
Under construction / completed
As of October 2019:
Baden-Württemberg
- Polder Weil am Rhein - Breisach - Sections 1 and 3 under construction until probably 2019, Section 4 in the planning phase
- Polder Kulturwehr Breisach - under construction until the end of 2020
- Polder Breisach-Burkheim - planning approval takes place (June 2020
- Polder Wyhl-Weisweil - plan approval) planned for 2019
- Elz estuary polder - under construction until the end of 2021, on June 19, 2018, inauguration of the central intake structure
- Polder Ichenheim-Meissenheim-Ottenheim - in planning, plan approval planned for 2020
- Polder nursing home 1 + 2 with culture weir Kehl / Strasbourg (finished)
- Polder Freistett-Rheinau-Kehl - in planning, plan approval planned for 2021
- Polder Söllingen / Greffern - (finished)
- Polder Bellenkopf / Rappenwört - planning approval takes place (Feb.-June 2018)
- Polder Elisabethenwört - planning approval expected in 2020
- Polder Rheinschanzinsel (finished)
France
- Special operation of the Rhine power plants (finished)
- Polder Erstein (finished) and Polder Moder (finished)
“Special operation” means that the Rhine power plants are switched off when the discharge exceeds 4000 m³ / s (reference level Basel-Rheinhalle above 3300 m³ / s and Maxau level above 4200 m³ / s) so that the water is no longer through the artificial river bed of the Rhine side canal and the lock and river power station canals between Breisach and Strasbourg, but is sent over the weirs into the so-called Old Rhine . Because of the Fessenheim nuclear power plant, a minimum water volume of 200 m³ / s is necessary for cooling in the Rhine canal. Between the Kembs main weir and the Breisach culture weir, as well as in the old Rhine stretches between Marckolsheim and Gerstheim, there is a discharge restriction of max. 4500 m³ / s, so that the flood protection dams ("Tulla dams"), which have meanwhile been upgraded by the state of Baden-Württemberg, are not flooded in the event of a major flood.
Rhineland-Palatinate
- Polder Daxlander Au (finished)
- Polder Wörth am Rhein / Jockgrim (finished)
- Polder Mechtersheim (finished)
- Polder Flotzgrün (finished)
- Polder Kollerinsel (finished)
- Polder Petersau - Bannen (finished)
- Polder Worms-Middle Bush (finished)
- Polder Bodenheim / Laubenheim (finished)
- Polder Ingelheim am Rhein (finished)
Ecological flooding
In 2014, the Federal Administrative Court ruled in a process for the approval of the Elzmünd polder that “ecological flooding” is crucial for the long-term functioning and approval of the polders under building law: they should reduce the damage caused by retention flooding, e.g. B. in the case of an HQ 200 event and strengthen the resilience of the affected biotopes . The regular, extensive ecological flooding required by environmental protection associations such as BUND , NABU , etc. in the context of low flooding, however, is rejected by some affected municipalities due to the associated greater land use, they preferred a " Schluten solution ", the linear discharge of smaller floods via water channels .
criticism
The project is partly controversial, it finds opponents among fishermen, local residents and environmentalists. The administrative court Freiburg z. B. ruled in 2010 that changes to the Schwanau Polder were necessary ; in October 2016, another corresponding lawsuit was heard in Freiburg, but it was rejected; In the Hartheim , Breisach / Burkheim and Wyhl-Weisweil areas, political and scientific representatives are campaigning for an ecological Schluten solution plus .
Monitoring
To prove the effectiveness of the planned flood prevention measures and already completed polder measures and dike relocations, the Baden-Württemberg State Agency for the Environment, Measurements and Nature Conservation uses the mathematical “synoptic flood flow model” to perform forecast calculations. The evaluation of the calculations of 15 reference floods (1876 to 2018) and the evaluation of the calculation results are based on the specifications and methods of the international flood study commission for the Rhine in international working groups and sub-working groups (AG maneuvers, UAG effectiveness and UAG statistics) of the standing committee. By implementing the planned flood retention measures on the Upper Rhine, the occurrence of a 200-year flood between Iffezheim and Bingen can prevent macroeconomic damage of an estimated at least 6.2 billion euros.
Web links
- Bund für Umwelt- und Naturschutz (BUND) Südlicher Oberrhein , bund-rvso.de: Rhine & Integrated Rhine Program - IRP
- Naturfreunde Rastatt , naturfreunde-rastatt.de: The Integrated Rhine Program (IRP)
- Nature Conservation Center Karlsruhe-Rappenwörth , naturschutz.landbw.de: Integrated Rhine program
- Nature and landscape in the Basel region , regionatur.ch: Integrated Rhine program
- Regional Council Freiburg , rp.baden-wuerttemberg.de: Integrated Rhine Program (IRP)
Press
-
badische-zeitung.de ,
- January 28, 2009, Bernd Michaelis: Neuchâtel will be in 2011 at the earliest
- May 2, 2013, Wulf Rüskamp: Between lunar landscape and floodplain
- 4th July 2014, Agnes Pohrt: Regional associations inform themselves in Breisach about the Integrated Rhine Program
- January 17, 2017, Martin Wendel: In the Breisach / Burkheim area, citizens can have a say in the Integrated Rhine Program
- July 21, 2017, Reiner Beschorner: Polder construction should be finished in 2020
- 12 September 2017, Erika Sieberts: The Minister's visit to the polder
- October 7, 2017, Jonas Hirt: Fear of gravel desert and flooding in the natural area of the Rhine Plain
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b badische-zeitung.de , March 1, 2017: One Schluten solution is not enough (October 8, 2017)
- ↑ Badische Zeitung: The straightening of the Upper Rhine - Südwest - Badische Zeitung began 200 years ago . ( badische-zeitung.de [accessed on October 23, 2017]).
- ↑ badische-zeitung.de , Neuried , May 19, 2016, Ulrike Derndinger: The ecological flooding on Whitsun was exceptionally large (October 8, 2017)
- ↑ badische-zeitung.de , April 20, 2013, Elisabeth Saller: No agreement on retention (October 8, 2017)
- ↑ badische-zeitung.de , July 29, 2010, Wulf Rüskamp: Polder: Before the water comes the flood of lawsuits (October 8, 2017)
- ↑ badische-zeitung.de , October 17, 2016, Ulrike Derndinger: Administrative court negotiates again about the polder in Schwanau (October 8, 2017)
- ↑ badische-zeitung.de , October 31, 2016, Ulrike Derndinger: Court dismisses Schwanauer's lawsuits against Polder Plan (October 8, 2017)
- ↑ badische-zeitung.de , August 20, 2015, Gerold Zink: Citizens' initiative for acceptable retention wants to sue in an emergency (October 8, 2017)
- ↑ badische-zeitung.de , March 1, 2016, Agnes Pohrt: Flood protection: citizens want to fight for their Rhine forest (October 8, 2017)