Lance-shield fern
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Lance shield fern ( Polystichum lonchitis ) |
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| Polystichum lonchitis | ||||||||||||
| ( L. ) Roth |
The lance shield fern ( Polystichum lonchitis ) is a species of the shield fern genus ( Polystichum ). Among the shield ferns, it is characterized by the simply feathered fronds. It occurs in Central Europe mainly in the Limestone Alps .
description
The lance shield fern is a perennial herbaceous plant . The stiffly upright and at most slightly hanging fronds can reach lengths between 10 and 50 centimeters, but mostly 20 to 30 centimeters. The fronds are simply pinnate and narrow-lanceolate in outline. Its widest point is roughly in the middle of the frond or a little above. The fronds are only very short stalked. Your rachis is covered in the lower part with light brown scales, which gradually get smaller further up.
The coarse, leathery leaflets are roughly triangular in the lower part of the fronds, more lanceolate higher up and usually slightly curved forward. Its edge is toothed with thorns, often with downwardly curved teeth, and on the tip of the leaflet with bristly elongated spines. Often at the base of the anterior margin, at least on the lower leaflets, there is a broad, forward-facing tooth.
The species chromosome number is 2n = 82.
ecology
The fronds can be wetted over the vascular bundles, which serves to absorb additional water.
Occurrence
The lance shield fern is common in the entire temperate latitudes ( meridional to arctic zone) of the northern hemisphere . It occurs there in the boreal coniferous forests and in the mountains, especially in limestone areas.
It grows in crevices and on rubble floors. In Central Europe it is a character species of the Polystichetum lonchitidis (Petasition paradoxi association).
The lance shield fern is one of the highest-rising ferns that was found, for example, on the Morteratsch Glacier in Switzerland at an altitude of 2700 meters. In the Allgäu Alps, it rises in Vorarlberg am Widderstein up to 2400 m above sea level.
In Central Europe it is quite common in the limestone areas of the Alps and the Alpine foothills . Otherwise it rarely occurs.
use
The lance shield fern is highly recommended as an ornamental plant for shaded rock gardens and walls. However, only specimens from horticultural culture may be used, as a number of fern species are protected in Germany. In addition to the lance shield fern, this also includes:
- Lobed shield fern
- Delicate shield fern
- Awn shield fern
- Azores striped fern
- Spleen fern
- Serpentine striped fern
- Jurassic Striped Fern
- Foreser striped fern
- Lancet-leaved striped fern
- Curly furry fern
- Comb fern
- Mountain bubble fern
- Sudeten bladder fern
- Eyelash fern
- Royal fern
- Hart's tongue fern
Others
The lance shield fern forms easily hybrids with several other species of the genus . Otherwise it is a species with few variable characteristics.
Sources and further information
literature
- Flora of North America - Polystichum lonchitis
- Henning Haeupler , Thomas Muer: picture atlas of the fern and flowering plants of Germany (= the fern and flowering plants of Germany. Volume 2). Published by the Federal Agency for Nature Conservation. Ulmer, Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-8001-3364-4 .
- Werner Rothmaler : Excursion flora for the areas of the GDR and the FRG . Volume 2: Vascular Plants, 14th Edition. People and knowledge, Berlin, 1988. ISBN 3-06-012539-2
- Ruprecht Düll , Herfried Kutzelnigg : Pocket dictionary of plants in Germany and neighboring countries. The most common Central European species in portrait . 7th, corrected and enlarged edition. Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2011, ISBN 978-3-494-01424-1 . (Section ecology)
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . 8th edition. Stuttgart, Verlag Eugen Ulmer, 2001. Page 86. ISBN 3-8001-3131-5
- ↑ Erhard Dörr, Wolfgang Lippert : Flora of the Allgäu and its surroundings. Volume 1, IHW, Eching 2001, ISBN 3-930167-50-6 , p. 76.
- ↑ Is the fern under nature protection? In: Anika Gütt, gartenjournal.net. 2014, accessed October 7, 2019 .
Web links
- Lance-shield fern. In: FloraWeb.de.
- Lance-shield fern . In: BiolFlor, the database of biological-ecological characteristics of the flora of Germany.
- Profile and distribution map for Bavaria . In: Botanical Information Hub of Bavaria .
- Distribution in Switzerland [1]
- Distribution in the northern hemisphere according to Eric Hultén
- Thomas Meyer: Shield fern data sheet with identification key and photos at Flora-de: Flora von Deutschland (old name of the website: Flowers in Swabia )
