Prices

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Prussian fish

Preißn ( majority ) of one's Bayern native dialect name originally for North or East Germans , later general for strangers. It can be meant jokingly or derogatory.

history

Originally, for the inhabitants of all of southern Germany, the “Preißn” were the inhabitants of the Kingdom of Prussia , which usually meant all (Protestant) northern Germans. In Bavaria in particular , the word was finally used for all residents of the German Empire with a North or East German language coloring. These were those who lived in the areas north of the so-called Upper German language border . In old Bavaria the expression is sometimes even jokingly used for all Germans north of the Main .

"Woasst, Bua, d'Franzosen that's bad, but no worse, san d'Preißen."

- Maternal grandfather of Franz Josef Strauss , farmer in Lower Bavaria, 1922.

The fact that the name became a swear word is due to the small German solution , which aroused antipathy in (predominantly Catholic) southern Germany. The Prussian Army , at that time the most modern and powerful in the world, defeated Austria as the dominant power of the German Confederation with allied troops in the German War . In Austria the Piefke were the same as the Preißn in Bavaria .

Usage today

In their 1979 book “Bavaria's Prussia are the best”, the authors Hannes Burger , Herbert Riehl-Heyse and Ernst Fischer differentiate between “Prussia” according to birth, appointment and behavior. Born Prussians simply come from the area of ​​the former Kingdom of Prussia. Appointed Prussians would correspond to the definition that only a Bavarian can make. As a rule, every German is considered a Prussian who is not a Bavarian or Swabian (Baden). Franconia are considered to be "South Prussia" because they are reluctant to acknowledge Bavaria. Those Franks, on the other hand, who “recognize Bavarian supremacy without grumbling” have to be accepted. The Bavarian rejects "petty distinctions", for example between Rhineland and Hanseatic, Lower Saxony and Hesse, Berliners and Westphalia, as "interference in internal Prussian affairs". If foreigners, Swabians or even other Bavarians were called Prussians, this was solely due to their behavior, which aroused the deepest disgust. The term is meant to be offensive. Bavaria see such behavior as “Prussian behavior”, which corresponds roughly to what Italians regard as “typically German” or Austrians as “typically Viennese”. These include behaviors such as presumptuousness, know-it-all or arrogance.

According to the authors, the Prussians can be divided into four further subgroups:

  • the original price
  • the sour food
  • the costume price
  • the Bavarians

The original price cannot protect its existence due to its innocent birth, but show a detached respect for Bavaria and respect the state as a political and cultural greatness. He does not speak or understand a word of Bavarian, but refrains from condescending remarks and arrogant judgments, recognizes that the clocks tick differently in Bavaria and is very welcome as a holidaymaker.

The Bavarian describes a person who cannot stand and who sees his uniqueness threatened as a pig. A categorization into which everyone can slide through, even spontaneous, wrongdoing. This also includes newcomers for whom the clocks in Bavaria do not tick differently, but incorrectly, who provoke the disgust of the locals by complaining about church bells, cowbells or rooster shouts, who, in a top teacher and cheeky way, note what is going wrong in Bavaria.

Trachtenpreißn are considered "Philobajuwaren", which one finds among vacationers as well as among immigrants. Are largely tolerated or laughed at by Bavaria, for example when they try to imitate the Bavarian idiom and order a measure (with a long a) or overemphasize the wearing of Bavarian costumes. They leave no mountain unclimbed, no lake unspoiled, no castle unseen. As regular guests at the Oktoberfest, which they consider “typically Bavarian”, they make a significant contribution to the formation of clichés in Bavaria.

Bavarian Russians are Bavarian-Prussian half-breeds, who have appeared more and more for decades and come from mixed marriages. On the one hand, these could combine the worst character traits of Bavaria and Prussia, but on the other hand, as a more noble type, combine advantages of both, such as Prussian assertiveness and Bavarian stubbornness or Prussian acumen and Bavarian cosiness. Bavarian Russians understand Bavarian to a large extent, but do not even try to speak it.

Herbert Rosendorfer notes in his book The Bavarian Tribes (1984) that there are four types of people for Bavaria: Bavarians, Swabians, Prussians and foreigners, each with further subcategories. Rosendorfer emphasizes that the Saxons occupy a special position and are often considered to be "qualified" Prussians, while Berliners are "Prussian prototypes". Swabians, where the Bavarian differentiates between Bavarian Swabians and Württemberg people, are valued more highly than Prussians, but they are not sympathetic to anybody. In the Swabian thrift, the Swabian hard work, the Bavarian would be confronted with his own shortcomings. According to Rosendorfer, the Franks are also considered Prussia for old Bavaria. Nevertheless, there is often no agreement among old Bavarians. Although Upper Palatinate people are jointly underestimated and mocked ("Koa Hirn , koa Schmoiz , Oberpfoiz!"), Upper and Lower Bavaria argue about who the "real", the "more authentic" Bavarians are.

In 1947, Jakob Fischbacher , who later became chairman of the Bavarian Party , caused a scandal by describing Prussian-Bavarian marriages as "bloodshed".

“When a farmer's son marries a north German blonde, it is incest in my eyes. The Prussians, this stuff, and the refugees have to be thrown out, and the peasants have to help out. It is best to send the Prussians straight to Siberia. "

- Jakob Fischbacher : Der Spiegel , 16/1947

In the 1960s a newcomer in Munich sued a local who had called him a "Prussian pig". The defendant pointed out that he had called him "Saupreiß", a term that was not justiciable and which nevertheless led to a conviction by the judge who was not able to speak Bavarian law.

Old Bavaria

The Bavarian dialect is used today by the Bavarian locals, who consider themselves “Urbayern”, to refer to northern Germans on the one hand and residents of Bavaria with northern German origins on the other. The parts of Bavaria that do not belong to Old Bavaria, namely Franconia and Swabia , occupy a special position here. For example, the residents of Franconia are also called "Lebkuachapreißn", in High German Lebkuchen Prussia , and those in Bavarian Swabia and southern and eastern Baden-Württemberg are called "Schwobn". The term “booty Bavaria” also serves as an ironic term, also used as a self-designation by Franconians.

The classic border between the settlement areas of Bavaria and the Preißn is colloquially known as the white sausage equator , the exact course of which is unclear and controversial. Occasionally people from Munich who speak without a Bavarian accent or Bavarian dialect are also referred to as "Isarpreißn". This applies to both North Germans who have moved here and those who were born in Munich.

In the course of globalization, the term “Preißn” is now even applied to visitors of all nationalities in Bavaria. For example, “Saupreiß, Japanese” becomes a derogatory term for people without the speaker claiming to know their exact origin. Some linguists are of the opinion that the preceding "sow" (as in the case of "sow weather") should be assigned a good-natured, melancholy rather than a derogatory meaning. Others clearly refer to them as additions to swear words; the term “Saubayer” is said to have been used in Austria.

Francs

The term is also used in Franconia, where it is used with a similar meaning as in Old Bavaria, namely for people with a North or High German tongue, usually for residents of Franconia who immigrated from such regions. According to the local phonetics, however, it is usually pronounced as "Breiß" (but Lower East Franconian singular: Braüß, plural: Braüßer). "Saubreiß" and "Breißnbeidl" are also common in Franconia. In doing so, Beidl , in High German pouch , evaluates similarly to sack in the composition of dirty sack .

Austria

In Austria , too , especially in the west of the country, the term is used alongside the otherwise common name Piefke for all Germans with the exception of Bavaria. This can be attributed on the one hand to the proximity of the western Austrian federal states to Bavaria and on the other hand to the common Bavarian dialect .

Luxembourg

In Luxembourg the term “price” means all Germans including Bavaria. During the violent German occupation of Luxembourg in World War II , the term became a swear word that can be compared with the French word " boche ".

Limburg

In the Dutch province of Limburg , the term "Pruus" means all Germans including Bavaria. During the violent German occupation of Limburg in World War II , the term became a dirty word.

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ A b Heinrich Lauer : Saupreiß, Tschusch and Katzelmacher. In: The time . May 11, 1990, accessed September 21, 2010 .
  2. ↑ Franz Josef Strauss : The memories . Siedler, Munich 1989, p. 20 .
  3. ^ A b Josef Blaumeiser, Hannes Burger, Ernst Fischer, Herbert Riehl-Heys: Bavaria's Prussians are the best . 5th edition. Süddeutscher Verlag, Munich 1980, p. 16 .
  4. ↑ Josef Blaumeiser, Hannes Burger, Ernst Fischer, Herbert Riehl-Heys: Bavaria's Prussians are the best . 5th edition. Süddeutscher Verlag, Munich 1980, p. 17 .
  5. ↑ Josef Blaumeiser, Hannes Burger, Ernst Fischer, Herbert Riehl-Heys: Bavaria's Prussians are the best . 5th edition. Süddeutscher Verlag, Munich 1980, p. 18 .
  6. ↑ Josef Blaumeiser, Hannes Burger, Ernst Fischer, Herbert Riehl-Heys: Bavaria's Prussians are the best . 5th edition. Süddeutscher Verlag, Munich 1980, p. 19 .
  7. ↑ Josef Blaumeiser, Hannes Burger, Ernst Fischer, Herbert Riehl-Heys: Bavaria's Prussians are the best . 5th edition. Süddeutscher Verlag, Munich 1980, p. 20 .
  8. ↑ Josef Blaumeiser, Hannes Burger, Ernst Fischer, Herbert Riehl-Heys: Bavaria's Prussians are the best . 5th edition. Süddeutscher Verlag, Munich 1980, p. 22 .
  9. ↑ Josef Blaumeiser, Hannes Burger, Ernst Fischer, Herbert Riehl-Heys: Bavaria's Prussians are the best . 5th edition. Süddeutscher Verlag, Munich 1980, p. 23 .
  10. ↑ The little book for the proper Bavaria . 1st edition. Heyne Verlag, Munich 1994, p. 8 .
  11. ↑ a b c The little book for the heart of Bavaria . 1st edition. Heyne Verlag, Munich 1994, p. 13 .
  12. ↑ The little book for the proper Bavaria . 1st edition. Heyne Verlag, Munich 1994, p. 14 .
  13. ↑ The "Blood Shame".
  14. ↑ The Prussian Attack - DER SPIEGEL 16/1947. Retrieved April 19, 2020 .
  15. ↑ https://www.sueddeutsche.de/bayern/rottaler-mundart-die-bluatsschand-mit-der-sprache-1.4274536
  16. ^ Zehetner: Bavarian German . 2005, p. 271 .
  17. ↑ Arthur Dittlmann: Landgang. In: Deutschlandradio Kultur . August 29, 2008. Retrieved September 21, 2010 .
  18. ↑ Udo Watter: Bye instead of pfiadi. In: Süddeutsche Zeitung . April 27, 2010, accessed April 6, 2012 .
  19. ↑ Mathilde Kohler: A Saupreiß is no Preußensau. In: Hamburger Abendblatt , November 4, 1967.
  20. ↑ Saubayer . In: Jacob Grimm , Wilhelm Grimm : German Dictionary . Hirzel, Leipzig 1854–1961 ( woerterbuchnetz.de , University of Trier).