Public management

Public management , synonymous with goal-oriented control and structuring of the state and public administration , is an interdisciplinary science that systematically examines the public sector from a business , social-scientific and psychological point of view, taking legal requirements into account.

overview

Public management is an interdisciplinary examination of the management of and in public institutions, whereby the perspectives of business and economics as well as political and legal sciences are brought together.

In contrast to the Public Administration School, Public Management does not focus on the technical design of administrative activities , but on the strategic management functions of administrative management. The first approaches to a public management discipline date back to the 1970s.

Public management focuses on making the public sector cost-effective, efficient and effective. A new reform model has dominated the public management landscape since the 1980s: the so-called “ Public Reform Management ” (NPM). The approach tries to transfer control methods and semantics from commercial enterprises to the state. Various models have been developed for this. The so-called “ Tilburg Model ” in the Netherlands, the “ New Management Model ” in Germany. In Switzerland, the term “ impact-oriented administrative management ” is used, with the Bern and St. Gallen schools as protagonists. What both have in common is an orientation towards the effects and results of the administration, less towards the input. For example, management with a performance mandate and global budget was introduced in order to set efficiency and quality incentives. Critically, it can be countered by saying that the administration is thus given greater scope for action. This can be problematic, especially with regard to the protection of fundamental rights and the democratic legitimation of state action. The representatives of NPM, on the other hand, take the view that any impact orientation of the administration is based on a foundation of rule of law and consolidated democracy. In this respect, they propose to introduce the concept in highly developed countries.

Furthermore, it is critically pointed out that “management” as an approach to exercising control means something fundamentally different today than it did in the 1980s. The structural change towards a network society therefore requires a network-theoretical reformulation of the concept of management, which also affects the management of public concerns. Control no longer means the exercise of coercion, but the management of change. Public managers would therefore primarily be concerned with the foundation and ongoing changes to narrative plausibility-checked networks between people, topics and resources (also and especially beyond the organizational boundaries of the state). In this perspective, innovation and the ability to learn would become the central problem area of state modernization. The core objectives of public reform administration - cost efficiency and target achievement, i. H. Effectiveness - remained important, but could increasingly only be achieved through change management that is adequate to the network logic.

Today's public management starts at various points, whereby the orientation towards market, network-like or hierarchical control mechanisms is characteristic:

The outsourcing (privatization) of state-owned companies and thus the creation of competition in former monopoly areas, e.g. B. Telekom, post office, railroad etc. should improve the performance of these companies.
By introducing service contracts and global budgets for public corporations, e.g. B. hospitals, municipal power plants, etc., the performance and impact expectations of these organizations should be clarified.
E-government should improve the availability of administrative services.
E-voting aims to improve democracy and citizen participation.
Integrated financial and task planning should enable politics to recognize, initiate and politically address medium-term developments.
The executive branch is increasingly seen as the interface between politics and management. In this role, she has both administrative and political leadership roles. She is also known as the “translator” between political and management rationality.
Detailed accounting in accordance with internationally recognized standards (e.g. IPSAS ) is intended to inform citizens about state activities and to encourage the administration to think economically.
public tenders are carried out to promote competition for the provision of public services
Personnel management is also based on performance and target agreements ( management by objectives ), so that a target cascade should arise.
More in the metaphorical sense, the citizen is also seen as a customer of the administration. He pays for public services with his taxes and should accordingly also be treated as preferential, e.g. B. when so-called "unbureaucratic action" is required.

The effects of these reforms can only be assessed in the long term. Ten years after their introduction, evaluations in Germany and Switzerland paint a heterogeneous picture: positive as well as rather critical elements can be identified. It is also clear, however, that the development is not yet complete.

courses

Germany

The University of Konstanz and the University of Potsdam offer a bachelor's / master's degree in Public Policy and Management or Politics & Public Management . The Zeppelin University offers a major in Public Management in the Politics, Administration & International Relations course. The Berlin University of Technology and Economics (HTW) and the Berlin University of Economics and Law (HWR) jointly offer two relevant cross-university business administration courses: an undergraduate bachelor's degree in "Public and Nonprofit Management (PuMa)" and a consecutive master's degree in "Nonprofit- Management and Public Governance (MaNGo) ". Only applicants from the Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg have a public management training course at HAW Hamburg , in which enrollment is only possible via an application to the Center for Training and Further Education. In the Free Hanseatic City of Bremen, there is a comparable degree in Public Administration at the University of Bremen , which was only established in 2011. The Harz University of Applied Sciences offers a part-time Master’s degree in Public Management and a full-time Master’s degree in Public Management , interdisciplinary degree programs with administration-specific core content. At the Nordhausen University of Applied Sciences, there is a bachelor's degree in Public Business Administration / Public Management and the consecutive Master's degree in Public Management & Governance , and at the Frankfurt University of Applied Sciences there is a bachelor's degree in Public and Non-Profit Management. The Osnabrück University offers a bachelor degree program Public Management , the consecutive Master's program management in nonprofit organizations as well as the MBA Public Management at. The University of Potsdam also offers a bachelor's degree in politics, administration and organization , as well as a two-subject bachelor's degree with a different focus. A bachelor's degree is also possible at the Fernuniversität Hagen . The University of Münster , in cooperation with the University of Twente, also offers a double bachelor's degree in public administration . The doctoral program that is possible after a successful master’s course is completed with a doctorate in social science (Dr. rer. Soc.). The Public Management Bachelor of Arts course can be studied at the University of Applied Management , in addition to which there is a cooperation with the City of Munich.

In Baden-Württemberg, two universities cooperate to offer the Public Management course, the University of Public Administration in Kehl and the University of Public Administration and Finance in Ludwigsburg.

Furthermore, there is the possibility of acquiring the Master of Public Administration (MPA) and Master of Public Policy (MPP) in the form of a full or postgraduate degree. MPA programs are u. a. in Germany at the Federal University of Applied Sciences and the Universities of Erfurt , Kassel and Potsdam. The Hertie School of Governance offers internationally oriented courses with a Master of Public Policy and an Executive Master of Public Management. The post-university German University of Administrative Sciences Speyer also offers a degree in Administrative Sciences . There the Magister of Administrative Sciences (Magister rerum publicarum, Mag. Rer. Publ.) And the Doctor of Administrative Sciences (Dr. rer. Publ.) Can be obtained. There is also the option of completing an administrative degree as part of an officer career at the University of the Federal Armed Forces in Munich in the political and social sciences course. The University of Hamburg offers a specialization module in Public Management as part of the Bachelor's degree in Social Economics . From the winter semester 2016, the course "Interdisciplinary Public and Nonprofit Studies" will also be offered. In Bavaria, the Deggendorf University of Applied Sciences and the University of Applied Sciences for Public Administration and Justice in Bavaria offer the Master’s degree in Public Management .

Austria

Both a bachelor's and master's degree in public management are offered at the FH Campus Wien . This is done there in cooperation with the Federal Chancellery . Furthermore offers the CUAS at the site Villach the bachelor's degree program Economy Public Management and the Master's program Public Management at. At the University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria , after the Bachelor's degree in "Public Management", the Master's degree in "Health, Social and Public Management" is offered.

literature

Andreas Gourmelon, Michael Mroß, Sabine Seidel: Management in the Public Sector, 2nd completely revised. Ed., Hüthig Jehle Rehm Verlag, Munich 2014, ISBN 978-3-8073-2387-9

André Tauberger: Controlling for public administration. Oldenbourg Verlag, Munich, Vienna 2008, ISBN 978-3-486-58636-7

Norbert Thom, Adrian Ritz: Public Management: Innovative Concepts for Leadership in the Public Sector , Gabler 2008 (4th edition), ISBN 978-3-8349-0730-1

Kuno Schedler , Isabella Proeller: New Public Management . Haupt, Bern 2011 (5th edition), ISBN 978-3-8252-3638-0

Bernhard Blanke et al. (Ed.): Handbuch zur Verwaltungsreform, Wiesbaden 2011 (4th edition), ISBN 978-3-531-17546-1 .

Helmut Brede: Basics of public business administration . Oldenbourg, Munich Vienna 2001

Johann Herzberg: Public Management in the Network Society - Theory and Control Implications, in: Verwaltung & Management 19 (4), pp. 188–196.

Martin Brüggemeier: Public Management - Modernization of the Public Sector . In: WISU - das Wirtschaftsstudium, Heft 3 (2004), pp. 333–337 and 337f.

Martin Brüggemeier, Manfred Röber: "New models of service provision through e-government - perspectives for public management". In: dms - the modern state - journal for public policy, law and management, 4th year, issue 2 (2011), pp. 357-380.

Werner Jann, Manfred Röber, Hellmut Wollmann (eds.): Public Management. Basics, effects and criticism. edition sigma, Berlin 2006, ISBN 3-89404-776-3

Andreas Lienhard et al. (Ed.): 10 years of New Public Management in Switzerland: balance sheet, errors and success factors . Haupt, Bern 2005

Jörg Bogumil et al .: Ten years of a new control model . Edition Sigma, Berlin 2007

Heinrich Reinermann: New Political and Administrative Management: Mission Statement and Theoretical Basics (PDF; 613 kB) . Speyerer Arbeitshefte 130, Speyer 2000 (first published 1998)

Web links

Online administrative dictionary: management and reform of public administration

Individual evidence

↑ Herzberg, Johann (2013): Public Management in the Network Society - Theory and Control Implications, in: Verwaltung & Management 19 (4), pp. 189–192.
^ "The Master for Federal Administration", locations in Brühl and Berlin. Federal University for Public Administration, accessed on May 17, 2017 .
↑ https://www.wiso.uni-hamburg.de/studienbuero-sozialoekonomie/studiengaenge/msc-puno.html

[1] Herzberg, Johann (2013): Public Management in the Network Society - Theory and Control Implications, in: Verwaltung & Management 19 (4), pp. 189–192.

[2] "The Master for Federal Administration", locations in Brühl and Berlin. Federal University for Public Administration, accessed on May 17, 2017 .

[3] ttps://www.wiso.uni-hamburg.de/studienbuero-sozialoekonomie/studiengaenge/msc-puno.html