Qingheiit
| Qingheiit | |
|---|---|
 |
|
| General and classification | |
| other names |
IMA 1981-051 |
| chemical formula |
|
|
Mineral class (and possibly department) |
Phosphates, arsenates and vanadates |
|
System no. to Strunz and to Dana |
8.AC.15 ( 8th edition : VII / A.06) 02/38/04/04 |
| Crystallographic Data | |
| Crystal system | monoclinic |
| Crystal class ; symbol | monoclinic prismatic; 2 / m |
| Space group | P 2 1 / n (No. 14, position 2) |
| Lattice parameters |
a = 11.86 Å ; b = 12.41 Å; c = 6.42 Å β = 114.4 ° |
| Formula units | Z = 2 |
| Physical Properties | |
| Mohs hardness | 5.5; 5.3 to 5.6 |
| Density (g / cm 3 ) | measured: 3.718; calculated: 3.61 |
| Cleavage | imperfect after {010} |
| Break ; Tenacity | clamshell; brittle |
| colour | jade green to yellowish green |
| Line color | yellowish green |
| transparency | translucent |
| shine | Glass gloss |
| Crystal optics | |
| Refractive indices |
n α = 1.678 n β = 1.684 n γ = 1.691 to 1.910 |
| Birefringence | δ = 0.013 to 0.232 |
| Optical character | biaxial positive |
| Axis angle | 2V = 79 ° (measured), 22 ° to 86 ° (calculated) |
| Pleochroism | Strong: X = light yellow green Y = jade green (dark green?) Z = dark blue green |
Qingheiit is a very rarely occurring mineral from the mineral class of "phosphates, arsenates and vanadates" with the idealized chemical composition Na 2 MnMgAl (PO 4 ) 3 and is therefore chemically a sodium - manganese - magnesium - aluminum - phosphate . In natural Qingheiiten, however, part of the manganese can be replaced ( substituted ) by magnesium and / or iron as well as part of the aluminum by iron , so that the formula in various sources in the form of Na 2 (Mn 2+ , Mg, Fe 2+ ) 2 (Al, Fe 3+ ) (PO 4 ) 3 is specified.
Qingheiit crystallizes in the monoclinic crystal system and develops tabular to short prismatic crystals, but is mostly found in the form of translucent, irregular grains up to about four millimeters in size. The mineral is from jade green to yellowish green in color, has a yellowish green streak color and has a glass-like sheen on the surface .
Etymology and history
Qingheiit was first discovered in an unnamed, muscovite- rich pegmatite near Qinggil ( Chinese青 河 县, Pinyin Qīnghé Xiàn ) in the Uyghur Autonomous Region of Xinjiang in the People's Republic of China. The first description was in 1983 by Ma Zhesheng, Shi Nicheng and Peng Zhizhong, who named the mineral after its type locality .
A storage location for the type material of the mineral is not known.
classification
Already in the outdated, but partly still in use 8th edition of the mineral classification according to Strunz , the Qingheiit belonged to the mineral class of "phosphates, arsenates and vanadates" and there to the division of "anhydrous phosphates [PO 4 ] 3− , without foreign anions ", where he together with Alluaudit , Arseniopleit , Bobfergusonit , Ferroalluaudit , Ferrohagendorfit , Ferrorosemaryit , Ferrowyllieit , Hagendorfit , Karyinit , Maghagendorfit , Rosemaryit , Varulith and Wyllieit the "Alluaudit group" with the system number. VII / A.06 .
The 9th edition of Strunz's mineral systematics, which has been in effect since 2001 and is used by the International Mineralogical Association (IMA), also assigns the Qingheiit to the category of “phosphates etc. without additional anions; without H 2 O “. However, this is further subdivided according to the relative size of the cations involved , so that the mineral can be found according to its composition in the subsection “With medium-sized and large cations”, where it is only found together with bobfergusonite, ferrorosemaryite, ferrowyllieite, rosemaryite and wyllieite "Wyllieitgruppe" with the system no. 8.AC.15 forms.
The systematics of minerals according to Dana , which is mainly used in the English-speaking world , assigns the Qingheiit to the class of "phosphates, arsenates and vanadates" and there in the department of "anhydrous phosphates etc.". Here he is in the " Alluaudit-Wyllieitgruppe (Wyllieit-Untergruppe) " with the system no. 38.02.04 within the sub-section "Anhydrous phosphates etc., (A + B 2+ ) 5 (XO 4 ) 3 ".
Crystal structure
Qingheiit crystallizes monoclinically in the space group P 2 1 / n (space group no. 14, position 2) with the lattice parameters a = 11.86 Å ; b = 12.41 Å; c = 6.42 Å and β = 114.4 ° as well as two formula units per unit cell .
Education and Locations
At its type locality Qinggil in China, qingheiite is formed in muscovite- rich pegmatite with adjacent biotite - plagioclase - gneiss , slate and migmatite , where, in addition to muscovite, it occurs mainly in paragenesis with braunite , microcline , perthite , pyrolusite and quartz .
Furthermore, M. Łodziński and M. Sitarz found Qingheiit in 2009 together with Willieit , Ferrowyllieit , Rosemaryit and Simferit in the so-called "Góry Sowie Block" near Michałkowa ( Michelsdorf ), a neighboring town of Jugowice in the Powiat Wałbrzyski in the Polish Voivodeship of Lower Silesia, where among others also Maneckiit was first discovered. The finds by Łodziński and Sitarz have not yet been confirmed by chemical analysis using X-ray diffraction .
The only other known location (as of 2018) for Qingheiit are the "Santa Ana" pegmatites in the Coronel Pringles department in the Argentine province of San Luis , where the mineral occurs in association with beusite and lithiophilite .
See also
literature
- Yu Tinggao, Ma Zhesheng, Wang Wenying, Wu Mo: Qingheiite - A new mineral of phosphate . In: Acta Mineralogica Sinica . tape 3 , no. 3 , 1983, p. 161-168 .
- Pete J. Dunn, George Y. Chao, Joel D. Grice, james A. Ferraiolo, Michael Fleischer, Adolf Pabst, Janet A. Zilczer: New Mineral Names . In: American Mineralogist . tape 69 , no. 5-6 , 1984, pp. 565-569 ( minsocam.org [PDF; 642 kB ; accessed on July 15, 2018]).
Web links
- Mineral Atlas: Qingheiit (Wiki)
- Webmineral - Qingheiite (English)
- American-Mineralogist-Crystal-Structure-Database - Qingheiite (English)
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b IMA / CNMNC List of Mineral Names; March 2018 ( Memento from June 11, 2018 in the Internet Archive ) (English, PDF 1.65 MB)
- ↑ a b c d e f g h Qingheiite . In: John W. Anthony, Richard A. Bideaux, Kenneth W. Bladh, Monte C. Nichols (Eds.): Handbook of Mineralogy, Mineralogical Society of America . 2001 ( handbookofmineralogy.org [PDF; 64 kB ; accessed on July 12, 2018]).
- ↑ a b c Stefan Weiss: The large Lapis mineral directory. All minerals from A - Z and their properties . 6th completely revised and supplemented edition. Weise, Munich 2014, ISBN 978-3-921656-80-8 .
- ↑ a b c d Hugo Strunz , Ernest H. Nickel : Strunz Mineralogical Tables. Chemical-structural Mineral Classification System . 9th edition. E. Schweizerbart'sche Verlagbuchhandlung (Nägele and Obermiller), Stuttgart 2001, ISBN 3-510-65188-X , p. 431 .
- ↑ a b c d e f Mindat - Qingheiite (English)
- ↑ Pete J. Dunn, George Y. Chao, Joel D. Grice, James A. Ferraiolo, Michael Fleischer, Adolf Pabst, Janet A. Zilczer: New Mineral Names . In: American Mineralogist . tape 69 , no. 5-6 , 1984, pp. 565-569 ( minsocam.org [PDF; 642 kB ; accessed on July 15, 2018]).
- ^ Adam Pieczka, Frank C. Hawthorne, Bożena Gołębiowska, Adam Włodek, Anna Grochowina: Maneckiite, ideally NaCa 2 Fe 2+ 2 (Fe 3+ Mg) Mn 2 (PO 4 ) 6 (H 2 O) 2 , a new phosphate mineral of the wicksite supergroup from the Michałkowa pegmatite, Góry Sowie Block, southwestern Poland . In: Mineralogical Magazine . tape 81 , no. 3 , 2017, p. 723–736 , doi : 10.1180 / minmag.2016.080.127 (accessed via De Gruyter Online).
- ↑ List of locations for Qingheiit in the Mineralienatlas and Mindat
- ↑ Miguel Angel Galliski, Julio C. Oyarzábal, Maria Florencia Marquez-Zavalía Ron Chapman: The association Qingheiite - Beusite - Lithiophilite in the Santa Ana pegmatite, San Luis, Argentina . In: The Canadian Mineralogist . tape 47 , no. 5 , October 2009, p. 1213-1223 , doi : 10.3749 / canmin.47.5.1213 .