Polish armed forces ranks
origin
The system of rank designations valid in the Polish armed forces is based on national traditions, is partly derived from the common military history with neighboring countries and is based on the structures of the NATO partners. Some ranks like Chorąży (Ensign) go back to the Middle Ages. But only some of the names are of Slavic origin, such as Pułkownik ( pułk - regiment ) or Porucznik ( poruczać - entrust: a person to whom a post or task is entrusted). Others came into the Polish language through foreign mercenaries, such as the 17th century Kapral (Italian Caporale or English Corporal ).
Until the Second World War , different names were used for the same ranks in the army's branches. In the infantry there was a sierżant ( sergeant ), in the artillery the ogniomistrz ( fire master, see fireworks ), in the cavalry the Wachmistrz ( sergeant ).
Until the modern era, the system of rank designations was influenced by Prussia , Austria-Hungary and Russia , which Poles divided among themselves between 1795 and 1918. Many of the Polish officers who built their own army with the rebirth of the Polish state after World War I had previously served in the armed forces of one of the three partitioning powers .
Traditions
In the Polish language, the salutation Panie (Herr) is introduced to the title : Panie Majorze - Herr Major. At the time of the People's Republic of Poland , the official salutation was Obywatelu (citizen). In the close circle of friends, however, the much more popular form of address Panie was by no means unusual. Academic degrees and titles can be added in written form: pl: ppłk pil. mgr inż. Nowak (Lieutenant Colonel Nowak, pilot and master's degree in engineering ).
The badges of rank are also worn on the headgear. Traditionally, the little finger and the ring finger of the right hand are bent in military honor . The military salute is also traditionally the eagle - as the Polish heraldic animal - and less the person. From this the custom is derived that without a head covering one does not greet by putting on a hand.
Current rank designations army, special forces, air force
Since 2004, uniform badges of rank have been in place for the army, special forces and air force, which are worn on the shoulder piece, cap and beret.
Teams
Badge of rank uniform jacket beret |
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Designation short form NATO |
Soldier (pl: Szeregowy) szer. OR-1 |
Private (Starszy szeregowy) st. szer. OR-2 |
Corps of non-commissioned officers
uniform jacket beret |
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Designation short form NATO |
NCO (pl: chaplain ) kpr. OR-3 |
Unterfeldwebel (Starszy Kapral) st. kpr. OR-4 |
Platoon officer (Plutonowy) plut. OR-4 |
Sergeant (Sierżant) sierż. OR-5 |
Sergeant Major (Starszy sierżant) st. sierż. OR-6 |
The ranks of senior sergeant (Starszy plutonowy [st. Plut.]), Sergeant- major (Sierżant sztabowy [sierż. Szt.]) And sergeant- major (Starszy sierżant sztabowy [st. Sierż. Szt.]) Were abolished on July 1, 2004.
Badge of rank uniform jacket beret |
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Designation short form NATO |
Unterfähnrich (pl: Młodszy chorąży) mł. Choir. OR-7 |
Ensign (Chorąży) chor. OR-8 |
Chief Ensign ( Starszy chorąży ) st. Choir. OR-9 |
Chief Ensign (Starszy chorąży sztabowy) st. Choir. szt. OR-9 |
Since July 1, 2004, the ensigns no longer represent a separate rank group, they were assigned to the corps of non-commissioned officers. Further changes:
- The ranks of subordinate ensign (Młodszy chorąży sztabowy [mł. Chor. Szt.]) And Ensign (Chorąży sztabowy [chor. Szt.]) Were abolished.
- Unterfähnrich (pl: Młodszy chorąży ) and Unterfähnrich zur See (Młodszy chorąży marynarki) previously OR-8 ⇒ new OR-7
- Oberfähnrich ( Starszy chorąży ) and Oberhorąży zur See ( Starszy chorąży marynarki ) previously OR-8 ⇒ new OR-9
- Staff sergeant (literally: Oberkorporal; pl: Starszy kapral ) and Obermaat (Starszy mat) previously OR-3 ⇒ new OR-4
Officer corps
Lieutenants, captains and staff officers
Badge of rank uniform jacket beret |
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Designation short form NATO |
Lieutenant (pl: Podporucznik) ppor. OF-1 |
First lieutenant (Porucznik) por. OF-1 |
Captain (Kapitan) kpt. OF-2 |
Major (Major) mjr OF-3 |
Lieutenant Colonel (Podpułkownik) ppłk OF-4 |
Colonel (Pułkownik) płk OF-5 |
Generals
Badge of rank uniform jacket beret |
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Designation short form NATO |
Brigadier General (Generał brygady) gen. Bryg. OF-6 |
Division general (Generał dywizji) gen. Dyw. OF-7 |
Weapons General (Generał broni) gen. Broni OF-8 |
General (Generał) gen. OF-9 |
Current rank insignia navy
The Navy of the Republic of Poland was established when the Republic was founded after the First World War. Uniforms and badges of rank have been changed many times up to the present day.
Teams
Badge of rank sleeve stripes |
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Designation short form NATO |
Sailor (pl: Marynarz) mar. OR-1 |
Seaman (Starszy marynarz) st. mar. OR-2 |
Corps of non-commissioned officers
Badge of rank uniform jacket blouse |
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Designation short form NATO |
Maat (pl: Mat) mat OR-3 |
Chief Petty Officer (Starszy mat) st. mat. OR-4 |
Boatswain's mate (Bosmanmat) bsmt. OR-5 |
Boatswain (Bosman) bsm. OR-6 |
Chief Petty Officer (Starszy bosman) st. bsm. OR-7 |
The ranks Oberbootsmannmaat (Starszy bosmanmat [st. Bsmt.]), Stabsmanns (Bosman sztabowy [bsm. Szt.]) And Oberstabsmaat (Starszy bosman sztabowy [st.
Badge of rank uniform jacket blouse |
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Designation short form NATO |
Unterfähnrich zur See (pl: Młodszy chorąży marynarki) mł. Choir. mar. OR-7 |
Ensign at sea (Chorąży marynarki) chor. mar. OR-8 |
Chief Ensign for the Sea (Starszy chorąży marynarki) st. Choir. mar. OR-9 |
Chief Ensign of the Sea (Starszy chorąży sztabowy marynarki) st.chor.szt.mar. OR-9 |
The ranks of Under Ensign for the Sea (Młodszy chorąży sztabowy marynarki [mł.chor.szt.mar.]) And Ensign for the Sea (Chorąży sztabowy marynarki [chor. Szt. Mar.]) Were abolished on July 1, 2004.
Officer corps
Lieutenants, captains and staff officers
uniform jacket blouse |
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Designation short form NATO |
Lieutenant at sea (Podporucznik marynarki) ppor. mar. OF-1 |
First lieutenant to the sea (Porucznik marynarki) por. mar. OF-1 |
Kapitänleutnant (Kapitan marynarki) kpt. mar. OF-2 |
Corvette Captain (Komandor podporucznik) kmdr. ppor. OF-3 |
Frigate Captain (Komandor porucznik) kmdr. por. OF-4 |
Sea captain (Komandor) kmdr. OF-5 |
Admirals
Badge of rank uniform jacket blouse |
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Designation short form NATO |
Rear Admiral (pl: Kontradmirał) kadm. OF-6 |
Vice Admiral (Wiceadmirał) wadm. OF-7 |
Fleet Admiral (Admirał floty) adm. Floty OF-8 |
Admiral (Admirał) adm. OF-9 |
Marshal of Poland
Badge of rank uniform jacket beret |
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Designation short form NATO |
Marshal of Poland (Marszałek Polski) marsz. OF-10 |
The rank was last bestowed in 1963, to Marian Spychalski , one of the leaders of the communist underground group Gwardia Ludowa during the German occupation in World War II .
See also
- Polish Armed Forces (Wojsko Polskie)
- NATO rank code
- Rank