Reichstag in Speyer
Reichstag zu Speyer was held in the course of the history of the Holy Roman Empire as court days (until 1495) formore than fifty yearssince the time of the Salians . The first court day in Speyer was held by Ludwig the Pious in 838. But only those from the time of religious disputes that led to the separation of Catholics and Protestants are better known. The latter bear this name because of the protest at the Speyer Reichstag in 1529.
1526
The Reichstag (Speyer I) lasted from June 25th to August 27th.
Ferdinand I , who at that time was still Archduke of Austria and represented his brother Charles V in Speyer , called for Hungary's support against the Turkish threat in his opening address . This request was later confirmed by an envoy from the Hungarian King Ludwig II. Some imperial estates , first and foremost Landgrave Philip I of Hesse and Elector John of Saxony , insisted on clarifying questions of religious policy first.
After Ferdinand I, on instructions from his brother, abandoned the requirement for strict implementation of the Edict of Worms , the Reichstag decided to leave this to the estates themselves. In return, at the end of the Reichstag on August 27, 1526, the imperial estates decided to help the Hungarians with 24,000 soldiers. The battle of Mohács , which took place only two days later , made sending the promised troops obsolete.
Several Lutheran sovereigns subsequently founded regional churches , which granted them not only secular but also the highest spiritual power in their territory.
1529
The Reichstag (Speyer II) lasted from March 15th to April 22nd. The Worms Edict was reinstated. Thereupon the protestation in Speyer took place at this Reichstag , in which the Protestant princes and imperial cities protested against the imposition of the imperial ban on Martin Luther - the term “ Protestantism ” is derived from this action . In this context, they refused to give Ferdinand I any military support against Johann Zápolya and Suleyman I in the First Austrian Turkish War . The Anabaptist mandate is a collection of resolutions passed by the Reichstag aimed at combating the Anabaptist religious movement .
Today the neo-Gothic Memorial Church, built between 1893 and 1904, commemorates the protest.
1542
The Reichstag lasted from December 29, 1541/8. February 1542 to April 11, 1542. The threat to the empire from the Turks (conquest of Oven in September 1541) was the reason for the convocation. The Reichstag took place in the absence of Emperor Charles V and under the direction of King Ferdinand I and two imperial commissioners . The Turks aid was the dominant theme. The imperial estates opted for a general wealth tax ( common pfennig ) to finance the imperial army . In relation to the urgency of the Turkish aid, the negotiations with the Protestants took a back seat.
1544
The Reichstag lasted from February 20 to June 10. At this Reichstag, aid against France and for an offensive against the Ottomans was granted to the emperor . As a concession for this, earlier anti-Protestant imperial farewells and processes are suspended and the use of secularized church assets is made possible. A national council is promised. In addition, on May 23, 1544, the Peace of Speyer was reached , in which the House of Habsburg renounced the Danish-Norwegian crown and the Dutch were granted access to the Baltic Sea.
With the “Great Speyer Jewish Privilege ” of 1544, Emperor Karl V confirmed the protection of the Speyer Jews and renewed their privileges.
1570
The Reichstag decided to only allow printing works in imperial, royal and university cities.
Part of the land confiscated by Duke Johann Friedrich II of Saxony was to be returned to his children Johann Casimir and Johann Ernst by order of the Reichstag . Johann Casimir received the Coburg Land.
Treaty of Speyer 1570: On the basis of this treaty with Emperor Maximilian II, Johann II abandoned the Hungarian royal title and was now called Johann Sigismund Transilvaniae et partium regni Hungariae princeps (" Prince of Transylvania and parts of the Kingdom of Hungary").
literature
German Reichstag files . Younger row. Edited by the Historical Commission at the Royal (later: Bavarian) Academy of Sciences.
- Volume 7. Edited by Johannes Kühn. 2 volumes, Friedrich Andreas Perthes, Stuttgart 1935 (therein on the Reichstag from 1529 pp. 478–880 and a considerable part of the files on pp. 971–1395).
- Volume 12: The Diet of Speyer 1542. Edited by Silvia Schweinzer-Burian. Munich 2003.
- Volume 15: The Speyer Reichstag from 1544. Edited by Erwein Eltz. Göttingen 2001.
- The Reichstag in Speyer 1570 (= German Reichstag files. Imperial assemblies 1556–1662 ). First Part: Protocols. Second Volume: Files and Farewell. Modifications made by Maximilian Lanzinner. Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 1988, ISBN 3-525-35279-4 .
Other literature
- Irmgard Höss: The Reichstag in Speyer 1529. Participants, negotiation points, results. In: Jürgen Arndt (editor): The coat of arms book of the Reichsherold Caspar Sturm (= coat of arms books of the Middle Ages. Volume 1). Bauer & Raspe, Neustadt an der Aisch 1984, ISBN 3-87947-051-0 , pp. 139-150.
Web links
Heinz Angermeier, Erich Meuthen and Eike Wolgast: The Reichstag files edition - On the status of the research company of the Historical Commission at the Bavarian Academy of Sciences ( Memento from December 31, 2013 in the Internet Archive )
Individual evidence
- ↑ Michael Klein: Historical thinking and class criticism from an apocalyptic perspective . Hamm 2004, p. 83 ( deposit.fernuni-hagen.de [PDF; 841 kB ; accessed on February 6, 2013] Dissertation at Fernuni Hagen ).
- ↑ Michael Klein: Historical thinking and class criticism from an apocalyptic perspective . Hamm 2004, p. 83, 84 ( deposit.fernuni-hagen.de [PDF; 841 kB ; accessed on February 6, 2013] Dissertation at Fernuni Hagen).
- ↑ Michael Klein: Historical thinking and class criticism from an apocalyptic perspective . Hamm 2004, p. 132 ( deposit.fernuni-hagen.de [PDF; 841 kB ; accessed on February 6, 2013] Dissertation at Fernuni Hagen).