Rhenish prelate college

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The abbot of Werden was director of the Rhenish prelate bank

The Rhenish Prelate College , also known as the Rhenish Prelate Bank , represented the imperial prelates without a virile vote in the Reichstag of the Holy Roman Empire who did not belong to the Swabian Prelate College. The union led from 1653 a curiate vote in the Reichstag.

Emergence

The first beginnings of an association alongside the Swabian Imperial Prelate College date back to 1582. From the beginning of the 17th century, some non-Swabian imperial abbeys or monasteries took part in meetings of the imperial council . Around 1640, some of them applied for their own curiate vote alongside the Swabian college. With the granting in 1653, the formation of the Rhenish Reich Prelate College was completed. This was possibly a compensation for the doubling of the Reichsgrafenkollegium between 1641 and 1653. Since three of these were predominantly Protestant, the Rhenish Reichprälatenkollegium represented a counterweight.

composition

The director of the association was the abbot of Werden . He sent the envoy of the college to the Reichstag. At times, the Gandersheim Monastery also sent its own envoy to the Reichstag.

The term "Rhenish" is, however, misleading. While the Swabian equivalent represented imperial abbeys and abbeys only from the area of ​​the Swabian imperial circle, imperial prelates from different parts of the Holy Roman Empire were united in the Rhenish college. Even some Swabian pens became at least temporarily members of the Rhenish college ( St. Ulrich and Afra in Augsburg, Kaisheim , Buchau and Isny ).

meaning

As the historian Sarah Hadry explains in her article in the Historisches Lexikons Bayern, the politically important role played by the Swabian prelates within their imperial circle did not apply to the Rhenish college, which was spread over various imperial circles. Another aspect that reduced the effectiveness was added. In contrast to the Swabian college, the Rhenish college included not only Catholic but also Protestant institutions. This was not conducive to a common policy.

According to Sarah Hadry, the merger has hardly had any significant independent effect. In 1767, the expert on imperial law, Johann Jacob Moser , was no longer able to specify the exact composition of the college.

Members of the Rheinische Prälatenbank 1792

Information for 1792

The dissolution of the Rhenish Reich Prelate College

For the imperial estates of the Rhenish Prelate College on the left bank of the Rhine, the Peace of Lunéville of February 9, 1801 brought the constitutional recognition of the occupation by French revolutionary troops and annexation to France that had taken place since 1795:

  • Ballei Koblenz (without territory) to the Rhin-et-Moselle department;
  • Kornelimünster and Burtscheid abbeys to the Roer department;
  • Abbeys of Münster in the Gregoriental and Andlau in the Haut-Rhin department;
  • Thorn Abbey in the Meuse-Inférieure department.

With the Reichsdeputationshauptschluss of February 25, 1803, the remaining imperial estates of the Rhenish Imperial Prelate College were secularized in favor of the princes and counts with property on the left bank of the Rhine, which had been annexed by France:

  • The Elector of Palatinate-Bavaria received the abbeys Kaisheim and St. Ulrich and Afra zu Augsburg in § 2;
  • the King of Prussia in § 3 the abbeys Werden, Essen, Quedlinburg, Herford;
  • the Duke of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel in § 4 the Gandersheim Abbey;
  • the Margrave of Baden in § 5 the Provost Odenheim;
  • the Prince of Thurn and Taxis in Section 13 of the city and monastery of Buchau with the rule of Straßberg as the Imperial Principality of Buchau;
  • the prince of Bretzenheim in section 22 of the city and the princes of Lindau as the principality of Lindau (sold to Austria in 1804, annexed by Bavaria in 1805).
  • the Count of Quadt in § 24 City and Abbey Isny ​​(1805 sold to Kurpfalzbayern, 1806 to Württemberg);
  • the Imperial Arch Chancellor von Dalberg in § 25 the abbeys of St. Emmeram, Niedermünster and Obermünster as the Principality of Regensburg (1810 to Bavaria).

In 1805 the Teutonic Knight Order and Front Austria were dissolved:

  • Alsace and Burgundy in 1805 to Württemberg, Baden, Bavaria, Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen;
  • Ballei Austria and Ballei on the Adige to Austria;
  • St. Georgen Abbey in the Black Forest at Villingen on Austria (in the same year as Württemberg).

With the Rhine Federation Act of July 12, 1806 and the establishment of the Kingdom of Westphalia in 1807, further changes were connected:

  • Stifter Werden, Walkenried, Quedlinburg, Herford and Gandersheim zu Westphalen;
  • Essen Abbey to the Grand Duchy of Berg ;
  • Principality of Buchau zu Württemberg, Straßberg zu Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen;
  • St. Georgen Abbey in the Black Forest with the city of Villingen from Württemberg to Baden.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Sarah Hadry: Empire prelate College In: Historical Dictionary of Bavaria, [1] , 2009
  2. ↑ Gerhard Köbler : Introduction. In: Historical Lexicon of the German States. The German territories from the Middle Ages to the present. 4th, completely revised edition. CH Beck, Munich 1992, ISBN 3-406-35865-9 , S.XIII.

Remarks

  1. ↑ The abbot of Kaisheim was represented on both the Rheinische (# 1) and the Swabian Prelate Bank (# 7). With the assignment of the Cistercian Abbey of Kaisheim to the Rhenish Prelate Bank, the only two Cistercian male abbeys with prelate rank succeeded in taking place of honor # 1 on both benches (Salem held this place on the Swabian Prelate Bank). The contribution of the Kaisheim Abbey of 438 florins to the Roman months was the highest of all prelates on both banks. The only two Cistercian male abbeys paid a price for the place of honor, since they had to raise much higher contributions than other orders; the highest contribution from a Benedictine abbey was only half as high.
  2. ^ The imperial immediacy of Kaisheim was controversial until 1757. The district council was also disputed between the Bavarian and the Swabian Imperial Districts until 1759, so Kaisheim was not assigned to any of the quarters of the Swabian Imperial District; the contributions were taken from the fund. Allocation to the Bavarian Reichskreis is based on the Reichstag resolution of 1532.
  3. ↑ Commander of the Ballei Koblenz of the Teutonic Knight Order without territory. Allocation to the Kurrheinische Reichskreis according to the Reichstag Farewell 1532.
  4. ^ The lordship of Altshausen with its seat in the Swabian Imperial Counts College was in the possession of the Commander of the Alsace and Burgundy Ballei of the Teutonic Order.
  5. ^ Foundation 1118. Hirsau Reform Monastery . Since 1398 under the bailiwick of the Speyer diocese .
  6. ^ Foundation 799; the abbot of Werden exercised the office of director of the Rhenish prelate bank.
  7. ^ Foundation around 1012. Hirsau Reform Monastery. Until 1644, due to a dispute over imperial estates with the Augsburg bishopric, imperial estates not attended. Although not listed in the registers of the Reich, St. Ulrich and Afra were used in the Swabian Empire to provide soldiers. The Unterliezheim priory belonged to Ortisei and Afra (foundation before 1026 as a Benedictine abbey, abolished in 1540, restoration as a branch of the abbey of Ortisei and Afra in 1655) and the rule of Finningen . For Unterliezheim, which was under Palatinate-Bavarian sovereignty, the Abbot of Ortisei and Afra was a Palatinate-Neuburgian state.
  8. ^ Foundation around 1096. Hirsau Reform Monastery. The abbot of St. Georgen was also represented on the Swabian prelate bank (# 23). Its imperial immediacy was controversial until 1781.
  9. ^ Foundation 814.
  10. ↑ St. Emmeram Monastery without area. Abbey was converted into a princely residence in 1748 (to the Thurn und Taxis family in 1812).
  11. ↑ Foundation around 850.
  12. ^ The lordship of Straßberg, with its seat in the Swabian Imperial Counts College, was owned by the abbess of Buchau. At the state parliaments of Swabian Austria in Ehingen, in addition to the cities, monasteries and aristocratic lords under exclusively Austrian sovereignty, the Buchau women's monastery was represented alongside other estates
  13. ^ Foundation 966, from 1515 Protestant abbesses.
  14. ^ Foundation 819.
  15. ^ Foundation 961, 1610 secularization of the abbey: Gernrode united with Anhalt-Bernburg.
  16. ^ Foundation 900, Gorzer Reformkloster, without area.
  17. ^ Foundation 1020, Gorzer Reformkloster, without area.
  18. ↑ Foundation to 973, jungcluniazensisches reform Monastery (reform of Siegburg). In 1220 the Benedictine monastery was converted into a Cistercian women's monastery that was directly part of the empire. Not represented as a stand in the Lower Rhine-Westphalian Empire.
  19. ^ Foundation 875, 1568 conversion into an evangelical women's monastery. 1802 voluntary relinquishment of the seat on the Rhenish prelate bank.
  20. ^ Foundation around 992, 1795 secularization of the abbey.
  21. ↑ The rule Altshausen was secularized by Württemberg, the rule Achberg and the Kommende Hohenfels zu Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen. The Kommende Mainau with the rule Blumenfeld came to Baden, the Kommende Rohr-Waldstetten to Bavaria.

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