Robert I. (bar)

Robert I ( 8 November 1344 , † 12 April 1411 ) was Margrave of Pont-à-Mousson and Count of Bar from 1352 to 1354, then Duke of Bar from 1354 to 1411. He was the younger son of Count Heinrich IV. And Jolanthe of Flanders .

biography

He was less than a year old when his father died. His older brother Edward II became Count von Bar under her mother's reign. Since the brothers were of a weak constitution, Jolanthe reached Pope Clement VI. that they could eat meat even on fasting days.

When his brother died he was seven years old. His mother prepared at this time her marriage to Philip of Navarre , Count of Longueville , in which problems in the regency conjured up, as Philip's brother Charles of evil , King of Navarre , was that the French King John II. Hostile to. But since Johanna von Bar (1295-1361), Countess of Surrey and daughter of Count Henry III. Let the king know that she was ready to take over the reign, the problem was resolved on July 27, 1352. Jolanthe von Flanders, however, who had previously renounced the reign, now raised troops to attack Johanna, so that John II now had to intervene and force Jolanthe to renounce (July 2, 1353).

Another problem was solved the following year by elevating Bars to a duchy. Pont-à-Mousson had become a margraviate, and Robert is listed in the documents of the time as marquis de Pont-à-Mousson et comte de Bar - a situation that seemed illogical to the country's nobility, since the county of Bar was much larger than that Margraviate was. In order to remedy this anomaly, King Charles IV elevated Bar to a duchy on March 13, 1354.

In the Battle of Maupertuis on September 19, 1356, John II fell into English captivity, and Johanna von Bar found herself robbed of her patron - Jolante von Flanders took over the regency again as mother. Robert was knighted in December of that year.

On November 8, 1359, Robert was declared of legal age. On May 19, 1364 he took part in the coronation of Charles V in Reims (whose sister Marie he married on October 5 of that year in Bar-le-Duc ), on November 4, 1380 at the Charles VI. During the reign of Charles V, he took part in several campaigns by his brother-in-law, with which the English were to be expelled from Normandy .

In 1401 he gave his title of duke to his younger son Eduard , but kept the usufruct of the duchy. With this decision he passed over his grandson Robert, the son of his deceased eldest son Heinrich von Oisy, who protested against it, initiated a process at the parliament in Paris in 1406 , which ended unsuccessfully in 1409.

During the reign of the mad French King Charles VI. Robert stood on the side of Duke Ludwig von Orléans , but after his murder in 1407 - also forced by his gout - withdrew to his duchy. He was buried in the Saint-Maxe church in Bar-le-Duc .

progeny

In 1364 Robert married Maria von Frankreich (1344–1404), daughter of Johann II. And Jutta von Luxemburg . Your children were:

• Heinrich (* 1362; † 1397), Lord of Marle and Oisy
• Jolande (* 1365; † 1431), ⚭ 1384 John I, King of Aragón (* 1350; † 1395)
• Philipp (* 1372; † after 1404 in Turkish captivity after the Battle of Nicopolis in 1396)
• Karl (* 1373; † 1392), Lord of Nogent-le-Rotrou
• Maria (* 1374), ⚭ 1384 Wilhelm II. , Margrave of Namur (* 1355, † 1418)
• Edward III. (X 1415 at the Battle of Azincourt ), Duke of Bar
• Ludwig († 1431), Bishop of Poitiers , Bishop of Langres , Bishop of Porto-Santa Rufina , Bishop of Châlons , Administrator of Verdun , Cardinal
• Jolande the Younger († 1421), ⚭ Adolf , Graf von Berg , Graf von Ravensberg , 1423 Duke of Jülich († 1437)
• Johann (* 1380, † 1415 at the Battle of Azincourt ), Lord of Puisaye
• Bona († 1400), ⚭ 1393 Walram III. of Luxembourg (* 1357, † 1415), Count of Ligny , Count of Saint-Pol
• Johanna († 1402); ⚭ 1393 à Theodor II. Paläologus , Margrave of Montferrat (* 1361 † 1418)

literature

• Georges Poull: La Maison souveraine et ducale de Bar. Presses Universitaires de Nancy, Nancy 1994, ISBN 2-86480-831-5 .