Red-leaf rose

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Red-leaf rose
Red-leaf rose (Rosa glauca)

Red-leaf rose ( Rosa glauca )

Systematics
Family : Rose family (Rosaceae)
Subfamily : Rosoideae
Genre : Roses ( pink )
Subgenus : pink
Section : Dog roses ( Caninae )
Type : Red-leaf rose
Scientific name
Rosa glauca
Pourr.

The Rosa glauca ( Rosa glauca ), and red-leaved rose , Hecht-Rose or Frosted Rose called, is a plant of the genus roses ( Rosa ) within the family of the rose family (Rosaceae).

description

Branch with leaves and flowers
Radially symmetrical flower with five petals and many stamens with yellow anthers
Ripe rose hips

Appearance and leaf

The red-leaf rose grows as a deciduous shrub and reaches heights of 1 to 2.5, rarely up to 3 meters. The independently upright, slender twigs have a bare, brown-red, strikingly reddish to pale blue frosted bark. The few, mostly straight or slightly curved, downwardly inclined spines are mostly attached to the base of the long shoots.

The alternately arranged leaves are 7 to 12 centimeters long and unpaired pinnate with five to nine leaflets. The bare, bluish-green, and purple more or less crowded veins equipped pinna leaflets are elliptical with a length of 2 to 4.5 centimeters to oblong-oval, with a pointed upper end and sharp serrated edge.

Flower and fruit

The flowering period extends from June to July. Few (one to five) flowers stand together on relatively short, bare flower stalks with a length of 1 to 2 centimeters. Bracts are available. The hermaphroditic flowers have a diameter of 3 to 3.5 centimeters and are radially symmetrical and five-fold with a double flower envelope . The five sepals have entire margins or the outer ones have some lateral lobes, on the back they are glabrous or glandular, erect after the anthesis and protruding and lapses or rarely durable. The sepals are much longer than the petals. The five carmine-pink to deep purple-pink petals are nailed white. There are many stamens present. The long stylus are free.

The relatively long fruit stalks are glandless or glandular. The rose hips, which are orange to scarlet red when ripe, have a diameter of about 1.5 centimeters and are spherical to more or less flat-round.

Chromosome set

The basic chromosome number is x = 7; there is tetraploidy , i.e. 2n = 28.

ecology

The red-leaf rose is a mesomorphic nanophanerophyte .

The pollination is done by insects (kurzrüsselige bees , hoverflies (Syrphidae), flies, beetles) or by self-pollination and seed formation amphimiktische done without pollination. The red-leaf rose is self-compatible.

The seeds spread through consumption of the rose hips and excretion ( endochory ).

Occurrence

The red leaf rose is a pre-alpine floral element. Its natural range in Europe is in the mountains from the Pyrenees to the Alps to the Carpathians .

In Central Europe, the red-leaf rose occurs very scattered or rarely in the Swabian Jura , in the Alpine foothills and in the southern Black Forest ; also in the Swiss Jura and in the Northern and Southern Limestone Alps . Very rarely or only individual finds (often synanthropic) are found in Germany in the southern mountains, Harz, central Hesse, on the Vogelsberg , in the Rhön , in the Ore Mountains , southern Brandenburg, Mecklenburg and Allgäu . Occasionally it rises to altitudes of over 1500 meters.

It is classified as 3 in the Red List of Endangered Species in Germany, i.e. endangered. It is endangered in the German states of Baden-Württemberg and Bavaria, in Saxony it is inconsistent and in Berlin and Hamburg it occurs as a neophyte .

The red-leaf rose thrives best on stony, shallow, chalky or not too acidic soils . It prefers sunny locations. It grows on rubble and in crevices. In the Swiss Jura, it is a species of rock pear bushes ( Cotoneastro-Amelanchieretum ) from the Berberidion association.

The pointer values ​​according to Ellenberg are: light number L8 = half-light to full-light plant; Temperature figure T5 = moderate heat indicator; Continental number K4 = sub-oceanic, showing temperate maritime climate; Humidity figure F4 = dryness to freshness indicator; Humidity change = showing no change in humidity; Reaction number R7 = weak acid to weak base pointer; Nitrogen number N2 = pronounced nitrogen poverty to nitrogen poverty, indicating low to nitrogen poor locations; Salt number S0 = not bearing salt; Heavy metal resistance = not heavy metal resistant.

Systematics

Rosa glauca was first published in 1788 by Pierre André Pourret in Histoire et mémoires de l'académie royale des sciences .... , 3, p. 326. Synonyms for Rosa glauca Pourr. are: Rosa cinnamomea var. rubrifolia Vill. ex Thory , Rosa glauca var. abrezolii Burnat , Rosa glauca var. glaucescens (Wulfen) Popek , Rosa glauca var. pubescens (R.Keller) R.Keller , Rosa glaucescens Wulfen , Rosa gutensteinensis J.Jacq. , Rosa ilseana Crép. Host , Rosa livida , Rosa lurida hort. ex Andrews , Rosa majalis var. rubrifolia (Vill. ex Thory) Wallr. , Rosa rubicunda Haller f. , Rosa rubrifolia Vill. Opiz , Rosa pauciflora .

Rosa glauca belongs to the Caninae section of the genus Rosa .

use

The red-leaf rose is well suited as an ornamental wood for parks and gardens. Due to the color of the leaves and the rose hips, this type of rose acts as a splash of color even when it is not in bloom. As with many other wild roses, there is little maintenance required. In culture, however, it is often attacked by rust fungi ( rose rust ), star soot and powdery mildew .

It is frost hardy down to −35 ° C ( USDA zone 4 ). However, it should be planted in a bright location without being constrained by competitive trees. This wild rose is not picky about its demands on the soil and tolerates even the driest soils.

The rose hips are used raw or cooked; they are relatively hard and contain relatively little fruit pulp. Only the thin, fleshy layer that surrounds the many nuts should be used. Be careful, you have to be sure that you have removed all hair. The seeds are a good source of vitamin E; they are mixed with ground flour or added to other food. The medical effects were examined.

swell

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p Rotblättrige Rose. In: FloraWeb.de.
  2. ^ A b Rosa glauca in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved November 17, 2014.
  3. ↑ a b c d e f S. Klotz, I. Kühn, W. Durka (Ed.), 2002: Data sheet from: BiolFLor - A database on biological-ecological characteristics of vascular plants in Germany .
  4. ↑ a b c d data sheet at InfoFlora - the national data and information center for Swiss flora.
  5. ↑ a b c d Andreas Roloff , Andreas Bärtels: Flora of the woods: Determination, properties and use. 4th edition, Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim), 2014, ISBN 978-3-8001-8246-6 .
  6. ↑ Rotblatt-Rose at Tropicos.org. In: IPCN Chromosome Reports . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
  7. ↑ a b A. Kurtto, 2009: Rosaceae (pro parte majore). In: Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity .
  8. ^ A b Michael Hassler, Bernd Schmitt: Plant world of Germany .
  9. ↑ a b c Dietmar Aichele, Heinz-Werner Schwegler: The flowering plants of Central Europe. Volume 2: Yew plants to butterfly plants. Franckh-Kosmos, Stuttgart 1994, ISBN 3-440-06192-2 .
  10. ↑ a b c Oskar Sebald, Siegmund Seybold, Georg Philippi (ed.): The fern and flowering plants of Baden-Württemberg. Volume 3: Special part (Spermatophyta, subclass Rosidae): Droseraceae to Fabaceae. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 1992, ISBN 3-8001-3314-8 .
  11. ↑ a b Profile on the vascular plants of Bavaria of the Botanical Information Node Bavaria .
  12. ^ Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . 8th edition. Verlag Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 . Page 567.
  13. ↑ Rotblatt-Rose at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, accessed November 17, 2014.
  14. ^ A b Charles & Brigid Quest-Ritson: Roses: the great encyclopedia / The Royal Horticultural Society; Translation by Susanne Bonn; Starnberg: Dorling Kindersley, 2004, page 169, ISBN 3-8310-0590-7
  15. ↑ a b Peter Kiermeier: Green is Life - BdB Handbook VIII Wild Trees bund-deutscher-baumschulen.de , z. Currently in revision, otherwise available as an antiquarian
  16. ↑ Rosa glauca at Plants For A Future . Retrieved November 17, 2014.

Web links

Commons : Rotblatt-Rose ( Rosa glauca )  - Collection of images, videos and audio files