Rosemary fireweed
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Rosemary fireweed ( Epilobium dodonaei ) |
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The rosemary willowherb ( Epilobium dodonaei ) is a species of willowherb ( Epilobium ) within the evening primrose family (Onagraceae).
description
Appearance
The rosemary fireweed grows as a perennial herbaceous plant to subshrub and reaches heights of 50 to 110 centimeters. It has a multi-headed basic axis and subterranean runners that are long, fleshy and red. The stems can be lignified at the base, round, or slightly hairy on top; they are briefly branched at flowering time.
leaf
The alternate leaves are sessile or very short stalked and rigid. The simple leaf blade is linear to linear-lanceolate with a length of 2 to 2.5 centimeters and a width of 0.1 to 0.35, rarely up to 0.5 centimeters. The leaf margin is serrated or calloused. A hair is missing or there is weakly pressed hair ( indument ). Both leaf sides are green, only the midrib protrudes.
Inflorescence and flower
The flowering period extends from July to August. The flowers are in a terminal, loose racemose inflorescence . The hermaphrodite flower is slightly zygomorphic , large and with a short tube. The axis cup is short and hairy on the outside, pressed tightly. The sepals are red and closely haired. The crown is spread out flat. The light pink petals are hardly nailed and about 1½ times as long as the sepals. The downward sloping stylus is 7 to 15 millimeters long, thread-like and about as long as the longer stamens . The stylus is hairy white and shaggy in the lower third. The scar is in four parts.
Fruit and seeds
The capsule fruits are initially dense white tomentose, later reddish overflowing and briefly hairy when pressed. The papillary seeds are elongated with a length of 1.5 to 2 millimeters.
Chromosome set
The number of chromosomes is 2n = 36.
ecology
The rosemary fireweed is a hemicryptophyte . The pollination is done by insects .
The rosemary fireweed is a caterpillar fodder and the like. a. for the evening primrose hawk ( Proserpinus proserpina ) and the bat hawk ( Hyles vespertilio ).
Occurrence
The rosemary fireweed is widespread in Eurasia . In Europe, the area extends from the Balkan Peninsula via Italy to France in the west, Germany and Poland in the north. In Germany it is only known as a neophyte in North Rhine-Westphalia, Rhineland-Palatinate and Saarland . In Austria it is absent in Salzburg and is extinct in North Tyrol , otherwise it occurs scattered or rarely. In Turkey , it grows only on the northern slopes of the Pontus at altitudes of 1100 to 1500 meters.
It grows in gravelly and sandy locations, as well as on rocky slopes. It mostly colonizes lime-rich, humus and fine earth poor gravel and sand soils . It occurs from the colline to the montane elevation . Because of its subterranean runners, it is a definite pioneer plant . It is a character species of the Epilobio-Scrophularietum caninae from the association Epilobion fleischeri.
Dörr and Lippert observed that the species tends to be volatile. It disappears after a few years for an unexplained cause even without human intervention, but sometimes reappears later in the vicinity.
Systematics
The first publication of Epilobium dodonaei was in 1779 by Dominique Villars . The specific epithet dodonaei honors the Flemish doctor and botanist Rembert Dodoens (Latinized Rembertus Dodonaeus), professor in Leyden and personal doctor of Emperor Rudolf II. Synonyms for Epilobium dodonaei Vill. are: Chamaenerion dodonaei ( Vill. ) Schur , Chamaenerion palustre auct. mult., non ( L. ) Scop. , Chamaenerion rosmarinifolium ( Haenke ) Moench , Chamaenerion angustissimum ( Weber ) Sosn. , Epilobium rosmarinifolium Haenke nom. illeg., Epilobium angustissimum Weber , Chamerion dodonaei ( Vill. ) Holub
Within the genus Epilobium , Epilobium dodonaei is placed in the subgenus Chamaenerion due to the alternate leaves and the large flowers , which, according to molecular systematic studies, is of the genus.
literature
- Manfred A. Fischer, Wolfgang Adler, Karl Oswald: Excursion flora for Austria, Liechtenstein and South Tyrol . 2nd, improved and enlarged edition. State of Upper Austria, Biology Center of the Upper Austrian State Museums, Linz 2005, ISBN 3-85474-140-5 .
- Siegmund Seybold (Ed.): Schmeil-Fitschen interactive . CD-ROM, version 1.1. Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2002, ISBN 3-494-01327-6 .
Web links
- Epilobium dodonaei Vill., Rosemary fireweed. In: FloraWeb.de.
- Profile and distribution map for Bavaria . In: Botanical Information Hub of Bavaria .
- Rosemary fireweed . In: BiolFlor, the database of biological-ecological characteristics of the flora of Germany.
- Epilobium dodonaei Vill. In: Info Flora , the national data and information center for Swiss flora . Retrieved December 28, 2015.
- Thomas Meyer: Data sheet with identification key and photos at Flora-de: Flora von Deutschland (old name of the website: Flowers in Swabia )
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp. 684 .
- ↑ Butterflies at FloraWeb .
- ^ Bochum Botanical Association: Contributions to the flora of North Rhine-Westphalia from 2013. Yearbook of the Bochumer Botanical Association. Vol. 5, 2014, pp. 130–163 ( PDF 6.5 MB)
- ^ Bochum Botanical Association: Contributions to the flora of North Rhine-Westphalia from 2014. Yearbook of the Bochumer Botanical Association. Vol. 6, 2015, pp. 141–174 ( PDF 5.5 MB)
- ^ Gerhard Pils: Flowers of Turkey. A photo guide. Self-published 2006, p. 257.
- ↑ Erhard Dörr, Wolfgang Lippert : Flora of the Allgäu and its surroundings . Volume 2, IHW, Eching near Munich, 2004, ISBN 3-930167-61-1 , p. 246.
- ^ Dominique Villars: Prospectus de l'Histoire des Plantes de Dauphiné. Imprimérie royale, Grenoble 1778, p. 45 (online) .
- ^ Warren L. Wagner, Peter C. Hoch, Peter H. Raven: Revised Classification of the Onagraceae (= Systematic Botany Monographs. Volume 83). American Society of Plant Taxonomists, Ann Arbor, Mich. 2007, ISBN 978-0-912861-83-8 (PDF file). ( Page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Alexander N. Sennikov: Chamerion or Chamaenerion (Onagraceae)? The old story in new words. In: Taxon. Volume 60, No. 5, 2011, pp. 1485-1488 ( abstract ).
