Red Mill (Schönheide)

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Red mill
Community of Schönheide
Coordinates: 50 ° 30 ′ 51 ″  N , 12 ° 31 ′ 39 ″  E
Height : 620 m
Postal code : 08304
Area code : 037755
Red Mill (Saxony)
Red mill

Location of Rote Mühle in Saxony
The Red Mill (front with red upper floor), Neuheide behind.
The Red Mill (front with red upper floor), Neuheide behind .

The Rote Mühle is an earlier mill located on the Filzbach in the municipality of Schönheide ( Erzgebirgskreis ) in the westernmost tip of the Saxon Ore Mountains . Until the middle of the 20th century it was a part of Schönheiderhammer surrounded by Schönheider municipality .

history

Map around 1700: The Rote Mühle is surrounded by a (border) fence (front)

At the beginning of the 18th century, Schönheide planned to build two grinding mills. The owner of Schönheiderhammer's iron hammer, Christian Gottlieb Bußius, wanted to prevent this. He had been the owner of the Hanmmerwerk since 1708. He appealed against Schönheide's plans. With effect from July 27, 1725, he had the property of the Rote Mühle inherited by the elector from his forest property in Schönheide. The property had a "sandy, mossy-swampy soil, as it were strewn with anthills, which was not suitable for wood regrowth and had not been used since then." "To remedy all complaints", Bußius built a grinding mill "on the land belonging to the hammer mill" . The author Ernst Flath, who wrote a story of Schönheide published around 1910, reports that the Rote Mühle is one of the new business foundations that have been established in the course of Schönheide's development since the beginning of his settlement in 1537 and its formal establishment as a community in 1549 to supplement the originally pure agricultural land use.

The fact that the hammer owner von Schönheiderhammer built the mill on a site belonging to the hammer mill should explain the peculiarity of the municipality belonging to the Roten Mühle: Although it is completely surrounded by Schönheider municipality and almost bordering on Neuheide , the area of ​​the Rote Mühle belonged to the municipality of Schönheiderhammer. In a map from around 1700, the Red Mill is shown as being surrounded by a (border) fence.

The place directory of the Kingdom of Saxony, published in 1862, mentions the Rote Mühle in the description of Schönheide, but reports: “The excl. rothe mill holds z. Community and home district Schönhaider Hammer ”. At Schönheiderhammer this work stands out: "md rothen Mühle von Schönhaide."

Long before the incorporation of Neuheide and Schönheiderhammer into Schönheide on July 1, 1949, the reclassification of the Red Mill to Schönheide was the subject of deliberations between the municipalities in the 1930s. The communal allocation can be found in a series of maps well into the 20th century. The fact that the Rote Mühle was a specialty because of its parish belonging to Schönheiderhammer becomes clear in the representation of several maps. While the water mills in Schönheide and Schönheiderhammer are represented with the symbol of a water wheel, the Red Mill is always entered by name. This even applies to maps from the end of the 20th century and the beginning of the 21st century. These no longer mark the other former watermills in Schönheide with the watermill symbol.

Trenches carry water from Filzbach and Münzbach to the Roten Mühle

Inflowing streams

Incoming and outgoing streams are easy to see

In order to compensate for the changing amounts of water in the Filzbach over the course of the year and to ensure regular mill operation, the Filzbach was dammed above the mill in the Neuheid municipality. This reservoir was called the mill pond. It is not known when it was created. It is already entered in Aster's leaflet of 1792. It still exists in the 21st century, even if it has partially silted up. A piece below the dam for the pond, the Filzbach water - presumably completely or partially depending on the water level - was led to the mill in a ditch. In addition, the water of a stream flowing north of the mill was used. In the miles sheets he is called "the Müntz Bach", Gottfried Mayer uses the term "Marquardtsbach". In order to be able to divert the water from this brook, a branch and a ditch were built through which the water was led to the mill. This junction already contains the miles sheet from 1792. In the measuring table sheet from 1942 the ditches leading to the mill are shown. The trench from Münzbach was led under the road to Neuheide. This map also shows the Mühlwasser runoff to the Filzbach.

Mill technology

For the mill operation, the water of the Filzbach was directed over an overshot water wheel 480 centimeters in diameter and almost 50 centimeters wide. This powered wooden gears for the grain grinder and a leather belt system. The mill had a consumption of about 150 liters per second at full operation. When the water level in Filzbach was low, this was ensured by deliberately draining the mill pond. In 1924 the water wheel was replaced by a Francis turbine . It had an output of 8.8 kilowatts and needed 240 liters per second to achieve full output. In addition to the grinder for the grain, it powered a threshing machine and a chopping machine that was used to chop cattle forage. In the period from 1925 to 1936, the turbine was also used to drive woodworking machines to produce brushwood. The replacement of the turbine from 1924 was examined in 1954. After negotiations with the “Germania” machine factory in Chemnitz , the owner Fritz Georgie decided to refrain from renewing the drive in view of the high costs and the LPG that had been formed in Schönheide as part of the collectivization of agriculture in 1953 .

Re-use of the buildings

From 1975 the owner converted the mill rooms and stables into apartments. A double garage was built on the east side of the main building. The roofs were renovated at the end of the 1980s, the ground floor in 1993, then the interior work on the first floor followed. The property was awarded in 1996 at the Saxon state competition "Agricultural Building, Preservation, Maintaining, Designing". The mill ditch and the buildings outside the house were removed around 2010.

literature

  • Ernst Flath: Local history and history of Schönheide, Schönheiderhammer and Neuheide . Schönheide o. J. (1909) Digitized in the State and University Library Dresden , also reprint 1992
  • Community Schönheide (ed.), Gottfried Mayer (author): Use of the water power of the Filzbach from Neuheide to the confluence with the Zwickauer Mulde . Another contribution to the technical history of Schönheide, Schönheide 2014

Web links

Commons : Rote Mühle  - Collection of Images

Remarks

  1. ↑ Gottfried Mayer states in his work on the mills in Schönheide that the Rote Mühle already existed from "at least 1716". He does not give any proof of this in his work. Orally he explained that the previous owner Fritz Georgi had a document with this date in his possession. For the dating see also Bussius' application from 1711 in the main state archive in Dresden.
  2. ↑ Ernst Flath writes: “Incidentally, from the Rote Mühle mainly only the house property belongs to Schönheiderhammer; Most of the parcels of the same are on Schönheider Flur. ”(p. 124) This can also be concluded from the representation of the map from around 1700, although the representation is more of a principle than a topographical character.
  3. ↑ Viewing in autumn 2018.
  4. ↑ According to verbal information from the author Gottfried Mayer, the latter ditch was covered with stone slabs.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Christoph G. Grundig: Geistlicher Berg-Bau to be found at Carl Wilhelm Fulden, Schneeberg 1750, unpag. (P. 23, there text in no. 23) ( digitized version )
  2. ^ Ernst Flath: Local history and history of Schönheide, Schönheiderhammer and Neuheide , Schönheide o. J. (1909 or 1910), p. 281 ( digitized in the Dresden State and University Library )
  3. ^ VEB Eisenwerke Schönheiderhammer (eds.), Gerhard Diering, Susanne Steiniger, Richard Günnel (authors): Vierhund Jahre Eisenwerke Schönheiderhammer , Buchdruckerei Richard Hahn (H. Otto), Leipzig 1967, p. 18f.
  4. ^ Karl Gottlob Dietmann : The entire ... priesthood in the Electorate of Saxony ... Volume I.3: Konsistorium Wittenberg. Richter, Dresden, Leipzig 1755, p. 609 ( digitized in the University Library in Halle ).
  5. ↑ Ernst Flath: Local history and history of Schönheide, Schönheiderhammer and Neuheide. Schönheide o. J. (1909), p. 177 ( digitized version in the Dresden State and University Library )
  6. ↑ Ernst Flath: Local history and history of Schönheide, Schönheiderhammer and Neuheide , Schönheide o. J. (1909), p. 29 ( digitized in the Dresden State and University Library )
  7. ↑ Ernst Flath: Local history and history of Schönheide, Schönheiderhammer and Neuheide. Schönheide o. J. (1909), p. 124 ( digitized version in the Dresden State and University Library )
  8. ↑ Alphabetical index of places of the Kingdom of Saxony , edited according to official documents by the statistical office of the Ministry of the Interior, printing and publishing by C. Heinrich, Dresden 1862, p. 598f. ( Digitized version )
  9. ↑ Minutes of the deliberations of the Saxon state parliament (1st electoral period, 59th session) of April 29, 1949, p. 1270 ( digitized version )
  10. ↑ Surrounding the area of ​​the so-called "Red Mill" from Schönheiderhammer to Schönheide ( Chemnitz State Archives )
  11. ↑ a b sheet 136 – Section Schneeberg– of the topographic map (equidistant map) Saxony, edited in the topographic bureau of the Royal General Staff, scale 1: 25,000. Year 1876 ( link to the digitized version in the Dresden State and University Library )
  12. ↑ Topographic map on a scale of 1.25.000, sheet 136 — Schneeberg— from 1916 ( link to the map in the Saxon State and University Library in Dresden )
  13. ↑ a b Reichsamt für Landesaufnahme (Ed.): Official hiking and winter sports map of the Ore Mountains , 1: 30,000, sheet 3: Auersberg and the surrounding area (Rodewisch-Eibenstock-Bockau-Hammerbrücke-Johanngeorgenstadt), ski paths, practice areas and sports facilities according to information from the sports associations des West-Erzgebirge, GA Kaufmanns Buchhandlung (Rudolf Heinze), Dresden 1928 ( [1] )
  14. ↑ Topographic map 1: 25,000 (measuring table sheet) sheet 5441-Schneeberg- from 1942 ( link to the map sheet and the map description at the Saxon State and University Library Dresden )
  15. ↑ Special map of the western Ore Mountains . 1: 50,000. 1st edition. Ownership and publisher of the Erzgebirgs-Zweig-Verein Schönheide i. Erzgeb. (no year, approx. 1900) ( [2] )
  16. ↑ Topographic map on a scale of 1: 25,000 from approx. 1915 ( [3] )
  17. ↑ Landesvermessungsamt Sachsen (Ed.): Topographische Karte 1: 10.000, sheet 5441-SW Schönheide , normal edition, 1st edition, Dresden 1995, ISBN 3-86170-609-1
  18. ↑ Staatsbetrieb Geobasisinformation und Vermessung des Landes Sachsen (Ed.): Topographische Karte 1: 10.000 5441-SW-Schönheide , 2nd edition, Dresden 2010, ISBN 978-3-89679-524-3
  19. ↑ a b Community Schönheide (ed.), Gottfried Mayer (author): Use of the water power of the Filzbach from Neuheide to the confluence with the Zwickauer Mulde . Another contribution to the history of technology by Schönheide, Schönheide 2014, p. 6
  20. ↑ Ernst Flath: Local history and history of Schönheide, Schönheiderhammer and Neuheide , commission publisher by Armin Stopps Buchhandlung, Schönheide o. J. (1909), p. 22 ( digitized in the Dresden State and University Library )
  21. ↑ a b c d Friedrich Ludwig Aster: Sächsische Meilenblätter, sheet 196 in the Berlin copy ( link to the map sheet in the Dresden State and University Library )
  22. ↑ Topographic map 5441-SW-Schönheide of the state enterprise Geobasisinformation und Vermessung des Landes Sachsen, 2nd edition, Dresden 2010, ISBN 978-3-89679-524-3
  23. ^ Community Schönheide (ed.), Gottfried Mayer (author): Use of the water power of the Filzbach from Neuheide to the confluence with the Zwickauer Mulde . Another contribution to the history of technology by Schönheide, Schönheide 2014, p. 5
  24. ↑ Map section at Commons.Wikimedia
  25. ↑ a b Community Schönheide (ed.), Gottfried Mayer (author): Use of the water power of the Filzbach from Neuheide to the confluence with the Zwickauer Mulde . Another contribution to the history of technology by Schönheide, Schönheide 2014, p. 7