Rudolf Nietzki

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Rudolf Hugo Nietzki (born March 9, 1847 in Heilsberg in East Prussia , today Lidzbark Warmiński , Poland; † September 28, 1917 in Neckargemünd ) was a German chemist .

Life

Grave of Prof. Dr. Nietzkis at the main cemetery in Freiburg im Breisgau

Rudolf Nietzki was born in the small town of Heilsberg in 1847 as the son of the Protestant preacher , later pastor and writer Johann Karl Emil Nietzki and his wife Adelheid Marianne. Ebel born. He attended a grammar school in Königsberg , which he left in the lower prime to begin an apprenticeship as a pharmacist in Zinten and Creuzburg . After graduating as a pharmacy assistant in 1865, he worked as a pharmacist in Hirschberg in the Giant Mountains (today Jelenia Góra , Poland). During this time he made the acquaintance of the later inventor of chemotherapy and Nobel Prize winner , Paul Ehrlich . He began studying pharmacy in Berlin in 1867 and passed his state examination there in 1871 . In the Franco-German War he served as a military pharmacist and was taken prisoner by the French. From 1871 to 1874 he worked as a private assistant to August Wilhelm von Hofmann in Berlin and on March 14, 1874 in Göttingen he was promoted to Dr. phil. PhD . In the following years he worked as an industrial chemist for various chemical companies. In 1884 he completed his habilitation with Jules Piccard at the University of Basel , where he became an associate professor of chemistry in 1887 and a full professor in 1895. For health reasons, Nietzki retired in 1911 and moved to Freiburg im Breisgau .

Services

Nietzki made a decisive contribution to the scientific foundation of a new class of synthetic dyes obtained from coal tar . According to the " quinone hypothesis " he established in 1890, the color effect of these substances is due to quinone systems . In 1876 he analyzed the aniline black . 1878 he succeeded with the discovery of Biebrich scarlet producing the first tetra azo dye and soon after the pickling dye Alizarin Yellow R . In 1888 his highly regarded textbook on organic dyes was published and has been translated into several languages.

Fonts

  • "About hexaoxybenzene derivatives and their relationships with croconic acid and rhodizonic acid", by R. Nietzki and Th. Benckiser, Reports of the German Chemical Society, Volume 18, 1885, pp. 499-515
  • Chemistry of Organic Dyes, 1888, published by Julius Springer, Berlin, (5th edition 1906)
  • Chemistry of the Organic Dyestuffs, by Rudolf Nietzki (Author), translated by A. Collin and W. Richardson, (reprinted as paperback, Verlag BiblioBazaar, 2008, ISBN 978-1-110-01837-6 )

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Richard Emil Meyer: Lectures on the history of chemistry , Akademische Verlagsgesellschaft, Leipzig, 1922, p. 237 f.
  2. ↑ Holm-Dietmar Schwarz, "Rudolf Nietzki", in Neue Deutsche Biographie, Volume 19, page 248, with further references.
personal data
SURNAME Nietzki, Rudolf
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Nietzki, Rudolf Hugo; Nietzki, Rudolph; Nietzki, Rudolf
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German chemist
DATE OF BIRTH March 9, 1847
PLACE OF BIRTH Heilsberg (East Prussia)
DATE OF DEATH September 28, 1917
Place of death Neckargemünd