DR saloon car 10205
| DR Salon 4ü-37 | |
|---|---|
 WS 10205 in the House of History
|
|
| Numbering: | 10205 (1937) |
| Number: | 1 |
| Manufacturer: | Wagenbauanstalt Wegmann & Co. |
| Year of construction (s): | 1937 |
| Retirement: | 1990 |
| Axis formula : | 2 × Görlitz III difficult (1937) |
| Genre : | Salon 4ü-37 |
| Gauge : | 1435 mm ( standard gauge ) |
| Length over buffers: | 23,500 mm |
| Trunnion Distance: | 16,180 mm |
| Bogie axle base: | 3600 mm |
| Service mass: | 63.8 t |
| Top speed: | 140 km / h (1937) |
| Brake: | Magnetic Rail Brake (1972) |
| Seats: | 4 compartments with 19 seats and 6 beds |
The saloon car 10 205 (Salon 4ü-37a 10205 Bln) of the Deutsche Reichsbahn was originally built for Hermann Göring . It was later used by German Chancellors and is now an exhibit in the House of History in Bonn .
history
Reichsbahn time
The saloon car was built in 1937 with the serial number 33 by Wagenbauanstalt Wegmann & Co. in Kassel for the Reich government's official car train, which comprised a total of 13 cars . The saloon car 10205 Bln cost 390,000 RM , at that time about twice as much as a sleeping car . The car was used as a "saloon car for personal use" and assigned to Hermann Göring. After just a few months of operation, in 1938 the mattress, which had been worn out by the overweight user, had to be replaced and the bed also had to be widened on this occasion. Dissatisfied with the size of the sleeping compartment he personally used and the too small size of the built-in bath tub, the "Reichsmarschall" had further options for conversion examined. Ultimately, however, in 1940 he received an even more comfortable saloon car: Berlin 10215 . The saloon car 10205 Bln continued to run in Göring's special train, which initially ran under the code name “ Asia ” and later “Pommern 1”, as a stay and library car. At the end of the Second World War , the car ran for a short time on Heinrich Himmler's special train and was then put on the special train in place of Adolf Hitler's ( 10206 ) destroyed saloon car .
With the special train of Adolf Hitler, the saloon car 10205 Bln reached Frankfurt (Main) Süd station on June 1, 1945 , where the US occupation forces requisitioned it for their own purposes . She put him on the special train A 400 under the number 098, which was held in Frankfurt am Main . From 1947 the vehicle is said to have been available to the High Commissioner for Germany there. In 1949 it was handed over to the Deutsche Reichsbahn in the United Economic Area , which shortly thereafter became the Deutsche Bundesbahn . The car was given the number 10205 Ffm and was housed in the Frankfurt am Main repair shop . But since Bonn had become the capital of the Federal Republic of Germany , this proved impractical. The saloon car was therefore handed over to the Cologne depot at the beginning of 1953, renumbered 10205 Cologne and from that time on was available exclusively to the Federal Chancellor.
Salon car of the Federal Chancellor
Konrad Adenauer often used it for trips that he undertook as Federal Chancellor, in Germany and for state visits , but also for election campaigns , private and vacation trips. The most famous use of the saloon car 10205 was on the government train to Moscow in September 1955, when Konrad Adenauer was negotiating the return of the last German prisoners of war (the Chancellor, however, traveled by plane). The whole train was considered an “extraterritorial diplomatic train” as there was no West German embassy in Moscow. The saloon car was used as a meeting room in the hope that it would be bug-proof. The Chancellor's Mercedes-Benz 300 was also charged - also on display today in the Bonn permanent exhibition. For this purpose, extra bogies were procured for the Russian broad gauge tracks . In addition, the car came to Switzerland , Austria , Italy , France , Denmark and Sweden during the Adenauer era .
Federal Chancellor Ludwig Erhard , in office since autumn 1963, used the saloon car 10205 with pleasure and often. The press reported extensively about it. In addition to the usual domestic trips for a Federal Chancellor and politician, he used the vehicle for visits to Italy, Luxembourg and France. In 1966 the car was renumbered again, which had internal reasons at the Deutsche Bundesbahn. It was now called 10305 Cologne . Shortly afterwards it received the computer- friendly UIC designation 51 80 89-40 305-0.
Kurt Georg Kiesinger , who became Federal Chancellor as Prime Minister of Baden-Württemberg , initially continued to live in Tübingen . He used the saloon car to commute between Bonn and Tübingen on the weekend before moving to the federal capital. But he soon switched to helicopters as the preferred mode of transport.
For Willy Brandt , who used the salon car more often again, the former 10205 salon car was only used alongside other salon cars. It was now also used for foreign state guests, such as the Liberian President William Tubman in 1970.
In 1974 the Deutsche Bundesbahn put a new saloon car into service for the Federal Chancellor, which could also be used in trains with a maximum speed of 200 km / h. This vehicle replaced the saloon car, formerly 10205. In the same year Helmut Schmidt became Federal Chancellor.
Museum object
The car was then rented out to all interested parties by the Deutsche Bundesbahn. This was done for the price of 20 first- class tickets plus a provision fee. In 1990 the saloon car was taken out of service by the Deutsche Bundesbahn and given to the House of History . The saloon car is the largest and heaviest exhibit there and was the first to be brought into the House of History . It was "walled up" in the basement of the museum from October 5, 1990, during the construction phase of the house.
description
The saloon car 10205 is a skirted car , based on the style of the most modern express train carriages of the Deutsche Reichsbahn for international traffic at the end of the 1930s . He received two-axle bogies of the then newly developed type Görlitz III heavy . They were replaced in 1972 by those of the Minden-Deutz 34 type .
The entrance area at one end of the car is designed as a small salon, which is followed by the large salon in the length of three window axes. A desk, a record player and a radio were installed here. Both rooms took up the entire width of the car. This was followed - mirrored in their floor plan - by two “apartments”, each of which consisted of a living / sleeping area with an adjoining toilet / washroom. Between these two wet cells there was a hip bathtub that could be made equally accessible or closed with sliding walls from both sides. In front of the wet rooms there was an inner connecting corridor between the two living / sleeping compartments, in addition to the side corridor that reached from the salon to the entry area at the other end of the car. The two apartments were joined by two further sleeping compartments with the technical equipment of the sleeping cars of the time, albeit more elaborately designed, a small kitchen, a toilet and finally an entry area. The interior decoration was designed by the United Workshops for Art in Crafts in Munich.
All main rooms were provided with indirect lighting. In addition, there was ventilation with ice cooling, hot water preparation for the bathrooms, axle generators for the high power consumption (158 light bulbs ) and large batteries that ensured the power supply of the vehicle even when standing. If the vehicle was placed on the special train, its generator car also supplied electricity . All rooms were equipped with telephones that enabled conversations on the train during the journey. In the event of a standstill, a connection to the local network of the Post was possible.
The vehicle, which is always very maintenance-intensive - numerous visits to workshops are documented - was technically modernized in 1962 and received rubber bulges instead of the original bellows for the transitions to neighboring vehicles. Initially, the car was approved for 140 km / h, then after the installation of magnetic rail brakes in 1972 for 160 km / h. When it was withdrawn from service, it had the number 51 80 89-80 305-1, which it had also received in 1972.
literature
- Alfred Gottwaldt , Petra Rösgen: Salon Car 10205. From the rail to the museum. 4th edition, Foundation House of the History of the Federal Republic of Germany, Bonn 2007, ISBN 978-3-937-08615-6 .
- Walter Haberling: The Chancellor's saloon car in the museum. In: Eisenbahnkurier , issue 12/1990, p. 52.
- Walter Haberling, Ernst Andreas Weigert: Reichsbahn saloon car. Types and uses during the Reichsbahn and Bundesbahn times . EK - Eisenbahn-Kurier , Freiburg im Breisgau 2010, ISBN 978-3-88255-679-7 .
- Deutsche Reichsbahn (Hrsg.): Description of the saloon car "Berlin 10205" for the official car train of the Reich government. Berlin 1937.
Web links
Remarks
- ↑ Göring stocked the bookshelves in the salon mainly with detective novels, which were borrowed and read by users throughout the train. The classics visible on the company photos were only set for the recordings there. They are said to have been temporarily removed from the director's room of the Wegmann company for this purpose (Haberling: Reichsbahn-Salonwagen , p. 85).
- ^ So: Haberling: Reichsbahn-Salonwagen , p. 85, Gottwaldt names the no. 96.
Individual evidence
- ^ Haberling: Reichsbahn-Salonwagen , p. 84.
- ↑ Gottwaldt, p. 14.
- ↑ Gottwaldt, p. 14; Haberling: Reichsbahn saloon car , p. 85.
- ^ Haberling: Reichsbahn-Salonwagen , p. 85.
- ↑ Gottwaldt, p. 18.
- ↑ Gottwaldt, p. 16ff.
- ^ Andreas Rödder : Konrad Adenauer in Moscow. Museum magazine online, 2008, accessed on December 27, 2014 .
- ↑ Gottwaldt, p. 19f.
- ↑ Gottwaldt, p. 28ff.
- ↑ E.g .: NN: Politics in the sleeping car . In: TV hearing and seeing 38/1964, p. 4.
- ↑ Gottwaldt, p. 31.
- ↑ Gottwaldt, p. 31ff.
- ↑ Gottwaldt, p. 35ff.
- ↑ Gottwaldt, p. 40.
- ↑ Gottwaldt, p. 40f.
- ↑ Hans Walter Hütter in: Gottwaldt, p. 4.
- ↑ Gottwaldt, pp. 6, 43.
- ↑ Topicality displaces Adenauer. Kölnische Rundschau , March 9, 2010, accessed on December 27, 2014 .
- ↑ See: Haberling: Reichsbahn-Salonwagen , p. 87.
- ↑ Gottwaldt, p. 31.