Santa Francesca Romana
| Santa Francesca Romana al Palatino Santa Maria Nova
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| Denomination : | Roman Catholic |
| Patronage : | Francis of Rome |
| Consecration year : | 9th century |
| Rank: | Basilica minor |
| Order : | Olivetaner OSBOliv |
| Cardinal priest : | Angelo Sodano |
| Parish : | San Marco Evangelista al Campidoglio |
| Address: | Piazza di Santa Francesca Romana 4 00186 Roma |
Coordinates: 41 ° 53 ′ 28.2 " N , 12 ° 29 ′ 19.9" E
The Basilica of Santa Francesca Romana al Palatino , also Santa Maria Nova , is a Catholic church in the Campitelli district , Rione X of the historic center of Rome . She's Minor Basilica , filial church of the parish of San Marco and titular church of Cardinal Priest of Santa Maria Nuova . It is also the monastery church of the Santa Maria Nova convent of the Olivetans .
It is located on the Velia near the Colosseum .
history
In 847, the early Christian church of Santa Maria Antiqua on the Roman Forum was partially destroyed by earthquakes and, due to its location below the Palatine, it was left to decay as in danger of collapse. On this occasion, Pope Leo IV (847-855) commissioned the construction of a new Church of Mary named Sancta Maria Nova, at the opposite end of the Roman Forum in the ruins of the ancient Temple of Venus and Roma on Velia in near the Colosseum. The legendary tradition that the new church over the former oratory of St. Peter was erected could not be supported by archaeological investigations.
Building description and equipment
The new Marienkirche was a three-aisled basilica (approx. 48 x 20 m) with an architrave construction. In 1161 a transept and a new apse were added and the campanile was built. The fire of 1216 made extensive restoration necessary. The current design of the crypt is from 1867. Only parts of the Romanesque cloister have been preserved. The mosaic in the apse is important for the time it was made around 1161 : The Mother of God with Child is enthroned against a golden background between the apostles John and James as well as Peter and Andrew (from left). Each figure is framed by a round arch arcade, the supporting pillars of which are alternately adorned with twisted shafts and floral motifs. In the apex of the bow is the Christ monogram in light letters on a blue background. The dedication inscription forms the lower end. From 1608 to 1615 Carlo Lombardi redesigned the basilica into a single-nave church interior with four longitudinal chapels each instead of the previous aisles; the entrance front was given a vestibule and a baroque facade .
The original of the icon of the Virgin Mary, Madonna del Conforto (of the Hodegetria type = guide) is on display in the sacristy . This icon, which was probably made in the second half of the 6th century, was previously venerated in Santa Maria Antiqua and was later incorporated into the main altar of Santa Maria Nuova. On the occasion of a restoration carried out in 1950, multiple overpainting was found and the bottom layer was exposed using the encaustic technique. In the 12th or 13th century, a further layer of paint was created using the tempera technique and in the 18th century a rough overpainting in oil paint. The picture with the middle layer of paint can be seen on the main altar today.
particularities
In this church, the Roman Francesca de 'Ponziani founded the order of the charitable Oblate di Santa Francesca Romana ( Oblate Sisters). The founder of the order, who was buried in the church, was canonized in 1608, which was the reason to open the Marienkirche to St. To consecrate Francis of Rome . Since then, the common name of the church has been Santa Francesca Romana. Since the beginning of the 17th century, St. Francesca Romana also as another patron saint of the city of Rome (next to St. Stephen and St. Laurentius ).
In the right transept, two stones are walled in behind iron bars, which are venerated as relics . They allegedly show the impressions of St. Peter ( silices apostolici ), which he left behind when he is said to have kneeled on the stone pavement of the Via Sacra and prayed that God would put a stop to the magic of the heretic Simon Magus ; then Simon Magus fell to his death in front of all spectators.
The Confessio was designed by Gian Lorenzo Bernini . His statue of St. Franziska disappeared during the Napoleonic occupation and was recreated in 1866 as a copy by Giosuè Mieli .
On the right in the nave is the tomb of Pope Gregory XI. , which the Romans built for him in 1584 because he, from St. Catherine of Siena advised, had moved the papal seat from Avignon back to Rome in 1377.
See also
Web links
- Santa Francesca Romana on the website of the Parish of San Mrco (Italian)
- Santa Francesca Romana on romasegreta.it (Italian)
Individual evidence
- ^ Diocese of Rome
- ^ Parish article on the website of the Diocese of Rome
- ↑ Monasteries ( memento of March 2, 2017 in the Internet Archive ) on the Olivetan website
- ↑ Walther Buchowiecki : Handbook of the Churches of Rome. Hollinek, Vienna 1974, Vol. 3, 34ff.
- ^ Anton Henze : Art Guide Rome. Reclam, Stuttgart 1994, p. 170.
- ↑ Hans Georg Wehrens: Rome - The Christian sacred buildings from the 4th to the 9th century - A Vademecum . Herder Verlag, Freiburg 2016, 301f.
- ↑ Hans Georg Wehrens: Rome - The Christian sacred buildings from the 4th to the 9th century - A Vademecum . Herder Verlag, Freiburg 2016 p. 303.
- ↑ Walther Buchowiecki : Handbook of the Churches of Rome. Hollinek, Vienna 1974, vol. 3, p. 49.
literature
- Walther Buchowiecki : Handbook of the Churches of Rome. Hollinek, Vienna 1974, vol. 3, 31ff.
- Anton Henze : Art Guide Rome. Reclam, Stuttgart 1994, ISBN 3-15-010402-5 , pp. 170f.
- Claudio Rendina: Le Chiese di Roma. Newton Compton, Rome 2007, ISBN 978-88-541-0931-5 .
- Hans Georg Wehrens: Rome - The Christian sacred buildings from the 4th to the 9th century - A Vademecum. Herder Verlag, Freiburg 2016, ISBN 978-3-451-31105-5 , p. 300ff.