Barberry family
| Barberry family | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Thunberg barberry ( Berberis thunbergii ) |
||||||||||||
| Systematics | ||||||||||||
|
||||||||||||
| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Berberidaceae | ||||||||||||
| Yuss. |
The barberry family (Berberidaceae), also called the sea buckthorn family , is a family in the order of the buttercups (Ranunculales) within the flowering plants (Magnoliopsida).
description
There are herbaceous and woody taxa , but most species are shrubs . Some species are xerophytes in the Asian deserts.
The hermaphroditic flowers are radial symmetry and mostly threefold. The anthers often open with two flaps. In each flower there is only one upper carpel , which usually contains many ovules.
Follicles or berries , rarely nuts, are formed as fruits , which contain one to 50 seeds.
distribution
Most of the species are found in eastern Asia and eastern North America . Their main distribution is in the northern temperate latitudes . Some species are native to South America and North Africa . Many genera have a disjoint area .
Systematics
The Berberidaceae family was established in 1789 by Antoine Laurent de Jussieu in Genera plantarum , p. 286. Synonyms for Berberidaceae Juss. are: Diphylleiaceae Schultz Sch. Airy Shaw , Leonticaceae , Nandinaceae Horan. , Podophyllaceae DC. nom. cons., Ranzaniaceae Takht.
The barberry family (Berberidaceae) is divided into two subfamilies and contains 14 to 17 genera with around 700 species:
- Berberidoideae: There are 13 to 16 genera with 650 to 700 species:
- Achlys DC. : It has a disjoint area with only two to three species: one species in Japan and one or two species in North America .
- Barberries ( Berberis L. ): It contains around 400 to 600 species.
-
Bongardia C.A.Mey. : It contains only one type:
- Bongardia chrysogonum (L.) Griseb. (Syn .: Bongardia margalla R.R. Stewart ex Qureshi & Chaudhri ): It is distributed from the eastern Mediterranean to western Pakistan.
-
Caulophyllum Michx. : It has a disjoint area with only three species: one in Japan and two in eastern North America, including:
- Indian cradle or Indian blueberry ( Caulophyllum thalictroides (L.) Michx. ): It is common in North America.
-
Diphylleia Michx. : It has a disjoint area with only three species: two in eastern Asia and one in eastern North America:
- Umbrella leaf ( Diphylleia cymosa Michx. ): It is native to the USA.
- Dysosma Woodson : With seven to ten species in China , including one in northern Vietnam.
- Elven flowers ( Epimedium L. ), also called sock flowers: The 50 to 60 species are native to China, Japan, Korea , the western Himalayas , southern Europe and North Africa.
- Gymnospermium Spach : The six to eight species occur in the northern hemisphere.
-
Jeffersonia Barton : It contains only one species:
- Jeffersonia diphylla (L.) Pers. : It is native to eastern North America.
- Löwentrapp ( Leontice L. ): The ten or so species occur in the northern hemisphere .
- Mahonia ( Mahonia Nutt. ): Sometimes in Berberis L .: It contains 60 to 70 species.
-
Plagiorhegma Maxim. : It contains only one type:
- Plagiorhegma dubia Maxim. (Syn .: Jeffersonia dubia (Maxim.) Benth. & Hook. F. Ex Baker & Moore , Jeffersonia manchuriensis Hance ): It is native to China, Korea and Russia .
- Foot leaves ( Podophyllum L. ): The earlier six to today about twelve species are mainly native to eastern Asia; only one species comes from eastern (Atlantic) North America.
-
Sinopodophyllum T.S.Ying : With the only species:
- Sinopodophyllum hexandrum (Royle) TSYing (Syn .: Podophyllum hexandrum Royle ): It isnative toeastern Afghanistan , Bhutan , China, northern India , Kashmir , Nepal , Pakistan and Sikkim .
-
Ranzania T.Itô : It contains only one species:
- Ranzania japonica (T.Itô ex Maxim.) T.Itô : It is endemic to the Japanese island of Honshū .
- Vancouveria C. Morren & Decne. : The only three species are native to the northwestern United States .
- Nandinoideae: it is a monotypic taxon :
-
Nandina Thunb. : It contains only one type:
- Sky bamboo ( Nandina domestica Thunb. ): It is a shrub from East Asia.
-
Nandina Thunb. : It contains only one type:
swell
- The family of Berberidaceae in APWebsite. (Section description and systematics)
- Junsheng Ying, David E. Boufford & Anthony R. Brach: Berberidaceae , pp. 714–783 - online with the same text as the printed work , In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven, Deyuan Hong (eds.): Flora of China , Volume 19 - Cucurbitaceae through Valerianaceae, with Annonaceae and Berberidaceae , Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and Saint Louis, February 28, 2011. ISBN 978-1-935641-04-9 . (Section description and systematics with identification key of the species occurring in China)
- R. David Whetstone, TA Atkinson & Daniel D. Spaulding: Berberidaceae : - online with the same text as the printed work , In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee (ed.): Flora of North America North of Mexico , Volume 3 - Magnoliidae and Hamamelidae , Oxford University Press, New York and Oxford, July 17, 1997, ISBN 0-19-511246-6 . (Section description)
- SMH Jafri: Family description of the Berberidaceae in the Flora of Pakistan . (engl.)
- Y.-D. Kim, S.-H. Kim, C.-H. Kim & RK Jansen: Phylogeny of Berberidaceae based on sequences of the chloroplast gene ndhF , In: Biochemical Systematics and Ecology , Volume 32, Issue 3, 2004, pp. 291-301. doi : 10.1016 / j.bse.2003.08.002
- Y.-D. Kim, S.-H. Kim & LR Landrum: Taxonomic and phytogeographic implications from ITS phylogeny in Berberis (Berberidaceae) , In: Journal of Plant Research , Volume 117, 2004, pp. 175-182. doi : 10.1007 / s10265-004-0145-7
Individual evidence
- ↑ First publication scanned at biodiversitylibrary.org .
- ↑ Entry in Tropicos .
- ↑ a b Berberidaceae in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
