Savelli (family)
The Savelli (initially also Sabelli) were an ancient and noble family of central importance in the history of Rome from the Middle Ages to the 18th century. They dominated the city with the first generation and were in rivalry with large Roman families such as the Colonna, the Orsini, the Caetani and the Annibaldi. In the second generation they were ousted by the Chigi, Borghese, Barberini, Doria Pamphili and the Sforza Cesarini. The Sforza Cesarini received offices, fiefs, palaces and collections as heirs of the last female representatives or by assignment after the main branches had died out. At the end of the 14th century it was divided into the branches of the Savelli of Albano, Ariccia, Rignano and Palombara. On March 5, 1712, the family died out with Prince Julius, with the exception of the sidelines of Giannuzzi Savelli (Baron of Pietramala, Prince of Cerenzia and patrician of Cosenza), who still exist. The latter comes from Giannozzo, son of Antonello Savelli di Albano, hence the surname Giannuzzi Savelli, a condottiere in the Kingdom of Naples in the 14th century in the retinue of King Ladislaus of Naples .
It has two popes, Honorius III. and Honorius IV (three other popes, Benedict II , Gregory II and Eugene II , who lived between the 7th and 9th centuries, have no documented family connection although they belonged to the family), countless cardinals, bishops, senators and mercenary leaders. In 1270 they were appointed Marshal of the Holy Roman Church (in the person of Luca Savelli) and were appointed perpetual guardians of the Conclave , the most prestigious office entrusted to a family by a Pope (that of Assistant Prince of the Papal Throne was first originated at the beginning of the 16th century). Hereditary office from 1352 was transferred to the Chigi in 1712 due to the extinction of the most important branches of the family, as was the privilege of jurisdiction over the Corte Savella, the court responsible for convicting the crimes of civilians, named after the family .
The unlimited retention of both institutional offices, a unique case in history, as well as the assignment of one's own name to a papal institution, the Corte Savella , and the extraordinary number of popes, cardinals, bishops and condottieri make the noble Savelli family the perhaps most closely related to the power and institutions of Rome in the history of the Church.
history
The origins of the family are unknown. The Sabelli were one of the Latin tribes that contributed to the creation of Rome and it is said that they were descendants of Aventine, king of the Albanians, ally of the Latin king against Aeneas. According to some genealogists, Popes Benedict II and Gregory II , who lived between the 7th and 8th centuries, the Sardinian martyr Gabinus , and Pope Eugene II (9th century) descend from the Sabelli or Savelli, who, like attested by the liber pontificalis , originally from Rome (" natione romanus ").
Certain documents from the canons of S. Maria in Trastevere indicate that the castle of Rignano, belonging to the Savelli family, was granted a long lease (1116) to Pierguidone, brother of Cencio, from whom the first family member Aimerico or Almerico came from the family with which the continuously documented genealogy begins. He established himself in the Roman patriciate , was the father of Cencio , known as Cencio Camerario as Camerlengo of Popes Clement III. and Celestine III. and took the name Honorius III as Pope . (1216-26). He was responsible for the historic papal bull Solet annuere with which St. Francis of Assisi finally confirmed (locked) his rules and it was he who crowned Frederick II of Swabia in Rome as Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire.
The great fortune of the family belongs to the nephew of Honorius III. Thanks to Luca Savelli (13th century), who was Senator from Rome . After the death of his uncle, Luke did not hesitate to stand up with Frederick II against the new Pope Gregory IX. deliver. Luca Savelli's casual field planning brought the family several material benefits, including some Sabine fiefdoms. He was the first Marshal of the Holy Roman Church from 1270 or 1274.
Luca's brother Pandolfo (13th century) was Podesta of Viterbo (1275), took part in the fighting between Boniface VIII and the Colonna family and was a senator.
Within a generation, a new Savelli rose to the papal throne, Giacomo , son of Luca di Vanna Aldobrandeschi, who took the name Honorius IV. (1285-1287). Under his pontificate, Rome and the Papal States enjoyed not only the power and wealth of the family, but also a period of rest that had not occurred for several years. Honorius IV had the satisfaction of weakening the most powerful and persistent enemy of papal authority, Count Guido da Montefeltro, who had resisted papal forces for many years.
In the will that Honorius IV created as cardinal in 1279, the family fortune already consists of the possessions of Albano, Castel Savello, Castel Gandolfo, Castrum Leonis (in Sabina), Castrum Faiolae, Castrum Arignani, Cesano (near Civita Castellana) , Scrofano, Turrita (Nepi), Palombara, Castelleone and Monteverde in Sabina. In Rome, the Savelli family owned the from Honorius III. and IV. inhabited palace of Santa Sabina, which is in today's Vicolo Savelli in Parione. Over many generations, Honorius IV's heirs continued to give the family their fame and expand their holdings in Rome and Lazio. In 1368 they bought the fortress Marcellus Theater , later called Monte Savello, from the Pierleoni , which they had rebuilt at the beginning of the 16th century according to a design by Baldassarre Peruzzi . The current building was then rebuilt by the Orsini family in the 18th century. The chapel with the graves of the family, including that of Pope Honorius III, was located in the Basilica of Santa Maria in Aracoeli on the Capitol . a work by Arnolfio di Cambio , as in the church of S. Alessio sull'Aventino. Giovanni Battista Savelli , was born on August 7, 1352 by Pope Innocent VI. appointed Marshal of the Holy Roman Church, who from then on held this hereditary position in favor of the Savelli family together with the office of guardian of the conclave, which together with the court of Corte Savella (later dissolved by Innocent X) brought the family rich returns.
In the 14th century the Savellis, although closely related to the Orsini, took part with the Colonnas against Boniface VIII. But in the Avignon period the family with Giacomo, senator and pastor of Robert of Anjou (1305-1375), and his son Giovanni, also pastor of Robert and Marshal of the Church in 1352, is now permanently associated with the papal curia, in which it had numerous cardinals. From Renzo, the great-grandson of Giovanni, came the four different lines into which the family had divided: the lords of Rignano, of Ariccia, of Albano, of Palombara, next to the youngest line of Giannuzzi Savelli. Paolo Savelli (* 1350 in Rome - † October 3, 1405 in Padua) was the founder of the first line, first captain in the pay of Charles III, then Gian Galeazzo Visconti and finally the Venetian troops, for which he was in 1405 at Padua Battle wounded died. The Republic of Venice commissioned and erected a funerary monument for him in the Basilica of Santa Maria Gloriosa dei Frari in Venice, the first that the Serenissima Republic has ever dedicated to a condottiere . His descendants ended up with Luca after the middle of the 17th century. Even the branches of Ariccia and Albano did not have a long lifespan. The branch of the Lords of Palombara was more successful, which united the entire legacy of the Savelli family through numerous marriages of his daughters with his distant cousins, the last heirs of the other lines. The main representative of this line was Giovan Battista di Bernardino, captain of Clement VII against the Colonna family, infantry colonel in the service of Charles V, from whom in 1529 he took the fiefs of Antrodoco, viceroy of Abruzzo, captain of the guards of Paul III. who died in Florence in 1551. The last descendants of the family came from Giovanni Lucido and Clarice Savelli, who with the permission of Alexander VI. got married. Caterina married a brother of Pope Julius III. Troilo was beheaded by Clement VIII. Paolo and Federico were the first to bear the title of Princes of Albano (ruled by the Savelli family as early as the 12th century), and when they married the last two descendants of the Ariccia branch, Caterina and Virginia united all family rights in their hands. Bernardino, the son of Paolo, married a Maria Peretti and also inherited the family of Sixtus V. In 1632 Bernardino received the title of Prince of the Holy Roman Empire, in 1637 he sold Palombara to the Borghese, in 1648 Ariccia and in 1649 Poggio Natio became a duchy raised. The latter came to the Savelli family in 1509. His son Giulio died in 1712 with no offspring and his daughter Margherita brought the Savelli fortune into the family of her husband, Duke Sforza Cesarini. The office of Marshal of the Church was then transferred to the Chigi family.
Princess Carlotta Savelli (1608–1692) also belonged to this noble family. Wife of Duke Pietro Aldobrandini di Carpineto in her first marriage and of Prince Scipione Spinelli of Cariati in her second marriage. Carlotta, a woman with a pious soul, gave the village of Scalzaporri to a community of earthquake victims as the feudal lord of Verzino (today the province of Crotone). The newly founded village was named Savelli in her honor , as was a street dedicated to her in the country. The symbol of the municipality of Savelli is the coat of arms of the Roman noble family.
Massimiliano Savelli (di) Palombara , Marchese of Pietraforte (1614–1685), was an alchemist and Italian poet . He had the famous Porta Magica built in Rome , the only evidence of alchemical and magical architecture in the western world that still exists today. As a gentleman and loving friend of Queen Cristina of Sweden , he shared the great with the ruler (who renounced the throne of Sweden to embrace Catholicism and sought refuge in Rome after his conversion) since his first stay in Rome in 1655–56 Passion for alchemy and poetry. This is evidenced by a series of handwritten poems that Palombara dedicated and sent to the Queen of Sweden, which were then sent to the Vatican Apostolic Library after her death.
The family died with Giulio Savelli di Palombara, who died on March 5, 1712 and had inherited most of the titles and assets of the other gradually extinct branches, with the exception of the sideline of Giannuzzi Savelli (barons of Pietramala, prince of Cerenzia, patrician of Cosenza ), since 1421 as a condottiere in the Kingdom of Naples, descendant of Giannuzzo di Antonio Savelli (Rome, 14th century).
Family tree of the Savelli family
Cencio * 1075 †? |
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Aimerico * 1110 †? |
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Cencio * 1160 † 1227 Pope Honorius III. |
Luca Pandolfo * 1170 † 1216 |
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Luca I. Signore di Albano, Rignano and Palombara * 1190 † 1266 |
Giovanna Aldobrandeschi | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Giacomo * 1210 † 1287 Pope Honorius IV. |
Giovanni * 1220 † 1279 |
Pandolfo II Signore di Albano * 1230 † 1306 |
Isabella Colonna | Mabilia * 1231 † 1287 |
Agapito Colonna | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Line extinct | Giacomo III. Signore di Albano * 1280 † 1355 |
? Conti di Cenci | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Giovanni Battista IV. Signore di Albano * 1300 † 1360 |
Donna Cenci | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Luca V. Signore di Albano * 1320 † 1390 |
Lieta da Carrara | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Renzo VI Signore di Albano † 1400 |
Marina Trinci | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
SAVELLI di Albano Antonello VII Signore di Albano † 1428 |
Antonia Conti |
SAVELLI di Ariccia Francesco I Signore di Ariccia |
Vanna Savelli |
SAVELLI di Rignano Paolo Savelli I. Signore di Rignano * 1340 † 1405 |
Costanza Savelli |
SAVELLI di Palombara Nicola I. Signore di Palombara † 1396 |
Angiola Conti | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Cristoforo VIII. Signore di Albano * 1420 † 1500 |
Francesco II Signore di Ariccia † 1471 |
Brigida dell'Anguillara | Sabella † 1466 |
Paolo della Valle | Giovanni Battista II Signore di Rignano † 1450 |
Girolama da Varano | Buzio II. Signore di Palombara † 1406 |
Maria Savelli | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Antimo IX. Signore di Albano * 1464 † 1544 |
Piergiovanni III. Signore di Ariccia * 1448 † 1473 |
Leonarda Savelli | Giacomo III. Signore di Rignano † 1463 |
Anastasia Orsini | Pandolfo IV Signore di Rignano † 1471 |
Cola III. Signore di Palombara * 1400 †? |
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Antonello II. X. Signore di Albano * 1511 † 1547 |
Virginia Orsini |
Silvio IV. Signore di Ariccia † 1515 |
Elena dell'Anguillara | Clarice | Lucio Savelli di Rignano | Line extinct | Luca V. Signore di Rignano † 1515 |
Donata Orsini | Mariano IV. Signore di Palombara † 1505 |
Servanzia del Balzo |
Giovanni Battista * 1426 † 1498 cardinal |
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Cristoforo XI. Signore di Albano * 1535 † 1591 |
Vittoria Zambeccari | Camillo V. Signore di Ariccia † 1588 |
Isabella Orsini | Paolo VI. Signore di Rignano † 1545 |
Giovanna Savelli | Giacomo V. Signore di Palombara † 1525 |
Camilla Farnese | Troilo * 1465 † 1517 |
Paola Orsini | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Marcantonio XII. Signore di Albano * 1591 † 1638 |
Ortensia Rotolanti | Mario VI. Signore di Ariccia † 1601 |
Artemisia Savelli |
Silvio Savelli * 1550 † 1599 cardinal |
Onorio Savelli VII. Signore di Rignano * 1540 † 1607 |
Camilla Orsini | Luca † 1563 |
Giovanni Battista VI. Signore di Palombara * 1506 † 1551 |
Costanza Bentivoglio | Tullo Ostilio † 1562 |
Violante Orsini | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Onorio XIII. Signore di Albano † 1668 |
Caterina VII. Signore di Ariccia * 1588 † 1639 |
Paolo Savelli di Palombara | Lucio VIII. Signore di Rignano † 1614 |
Clarice Savelli di Palombara |
Giacomo * 1523 † 1587 cardinal |
Bernardino I VII. Signore di Palombara I Duca di Castelgandolfo * 1530 † 1596 |
1. Elena Savelli di Albano 2. Lucrezia dell'Anguillara |
Troilo † 1574 |
Camilla Cesi | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Line extinct | Line extinct | Line extinct | Giovanni II Duca di Castelgandolfo * 1575 † 1628 |
Livia Orsini |
Giulio * 1574 † 1644 cardinal |
Federico † 1649 |
Virginia Savelli di Ariccia | Paolo I. Prince of Albano * 1585 † 1632 |
Caterina Savelli di Ariccia | Troilo * 1574 † 1592 Monaco |
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Camilla * 1602 † 1668 |
Pierfrancesco Farnese | Bernardino II II Prince of Albano * 1606 † 1658 |
Felice Damasceni Peretti |
Fabrizio * 1607 † 1685 cardinal |
Carlotta * 1608 † 1692 |
1. Pietro Aldobrandini Duca di Carpineto 2. Scipione II Spinelli |
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Paolo * 1622 † 1685 Cardinal |
Giulio III. Prince of Albano I. Prince Savelli * 1626 † 1712 |
1. Anna Aldobrandini 2. Caterina Giustiniani |
SPINELLI SAVELLI | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Bernardino III * 1653 † 1672 |
Flaminia Pamphili | Margherita † 1690 |
Giuliano III Cesarini | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Sex extinct | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Popes
The year of the beginning and end of the pontificate is given:
- Benedict II. (684–685) (ancestry not yet documented)
- Gregory II. (715-731) (ancestry not yet documented)
- Eugene II. (824–827) (ancestry not yet documented)
- Honorius III. (1216-1227)
- Honorius IV. (1285-1287)
Cardinals
The year of cardinal appointment is given:
- Benedict II (669)
- Gregory II
- Eugenio Savelli (816) later Pope Eugene II.
- Licinio Savelli (or Sabelli) (approx. 1075 – before 1088)
- Cencio Savelli later Pope Honorius III.
- Bertrando Savelli (1216-1222)
- Giacomo Savelli (1261) later Pope Honorius IV.
- Giovanni Battista Savelli (1480)
- Giacomo Savelli (1539)
- Silvio Savelli (1596)
- Giulio Savelli (1615)
- Fabrizio Savelli (1647)
- Paolo Savelli (1664)
- Domenico Savelli (1853)
Condottieri and army commanders
- Jacopo Savelli († 1355), Party of the Welfs
- Luca Savelli († 1390), Party of the Welfs
- Paolo Savelli (1350-1405)
- Evangelista Savelli († 1462)
- Antonello Savelli (1450-1498)
- Giovanni Savelli († 1498)
- Cristorforo Savelli († 1500)
- Ludovico Savelli († 1500)
- Onorio Savelli († 1500)
- Troiano Savelli († 1510)
- Mariano Savelli († 1515)
- Paolo Savelli († 1515)
- Battista Savelli († 1513)
- Silvio Savelli († 1515)
- Luca Savelli († 1515)
- Antonio Savelli († 1522)
- Jacopo Savelli († 1525)
- Giovan Battista Savelli (1505–1551)
- Davide Savelli († 1522)
- Federico Savelli († December 19, 1649)
Senator from Rome
- Luca Savelli (1266) and (1290), nephew of Cencio or Honorius III.
- Pandolfo Savelli (1287), brother of Giacomo or Honorius IV.
Casata dei Savelli
The first Savelli
- Cencio (* 1075)
- Aimerico (* 1110)
- Luca Pandolfo (1170-1216), brother of Honorius III.
- Luca (1190–1266) becomes Signore di Albano
Lords of Albano
- Luca (1190-1266), I. Signore di Albano
- Pandolfo (1230–1306), II. Signore di Albano, brother of Honorius III.
- Giacomo (1280-1355), III. Signor di Albano
- Giovanni Battista (1300-1360), IV. Signore di Albano
- Luca (1320-1390), V. Signore di Albano
- Renzo († 1400), VI. Signor di Albano
- Antonello I († 1428), VII. Signore di Albano
- Cristoforo (1420-1500), VIII Signore di Albano
- Antimo (1464-1544), IX. Signor di Albano
- Antonello II. (1511–1547), X. Signore di Albano
- Cristoforo (1535-1591), XI. Signor din Albano
- Marcantonio (1591-1638), XII. Signor di Albano
- Onorio († 1668), XIII. Signor di Albano
Lords of Ariccia
(Annotation)
- Francesco (? -?), I. Signore di Ariccia, son of Renzo, VI. Lord of Albano
- Francesco († 1471), II. Signore di Ariccia
- Piergiovanni (1448-1473), III. Signore di Ariccia
- Silvio († 1515), IV. Signore di Ariccia
- Camillo († 1589), V. Signore di Ariccia
- Mario († 1601), VI. Signore di Ariccia
- Caterina († 1632), VII. Signore di Ariccia, wife of Paolo Savelli, I Prince of Albano
- The line died out in the family of the Princes of Albano
Lords of Rignano (Rignano Flaminio)
- Paolo (1350–1405), I. Signore di Rignano, son of Renzo, VI. Lord of Albano
- Giovanni Battista († 1450), II. Signore di Rignano
- Giacomo († 1463), III. Signor di Rignano
- Pandolfo († 1471), IV. Signore di Rignano, brother of Giacomo
- Luca († 1515), V. Signore di Rignano
- Paolo († 1545), VI. Signor di Rignano
- Onorio (1540-1607), VII. Signore di Rignano
- Lucio († 1614), VIII. Signore di Rignano, sold the fiefdom of Rignano to his cousin Benardino, Duke of Castelgandolfo
- Line extinct
Lords of Palombara
- Nicola († 1396), I. Signore di Palombara, son of Renzo, VI. Lord of Albano
- Buzio († 1406), II. Signore di Palombara
- Cola (* 1400), III. Signore di Palombara
- Mariano († approx. 1496), IV. Signore di Palombara
- Giacomo († 1541), V. Signore di Palombara
- Giovanni Battista (1505-1551), VI. Signore di Palombara
- Bernardino († 1590), VII. Signore di Palombara, then Duke of Castelgandolfo
- Massimiliano (1614–1685), Marchese of Pietraforte
- Bernardino († 1590), 1st Duke of Castelgandolfo
- Giovanni (1575–1628), 2nd Duke of Castelgandolfo, loses the fief in 1604
Princes of Albano (1607)
- Paolo († 1632), I Prince of Albano, son of Bernardino, I Duke of Castelgandolfo
- Bernardino (1606–1658), II. Prince of Albano
- Giulio (1626-1712), III. Prince of Albano until 1697 then Prince Savelli
- The fiefs of Albano are sold for debt, but the Pope grants Giulio the title of prince on his surname.
Prince Savelli (1697)
- Giulio (1626-1712), I. Prince Savelli
- Bernardino (1653–1672), heir, died before his father
credentials
- ↑ Gaetano Moroni: Dizionario di erudizione storico-ecclesiastica da S. Pietro sino ai nostri . tape XXXV . Tipografia Emiliana, Venice 1845, p. 213 (Italian, google.it ).
- ^ A b c Maria Gemma Paviolo: I Testamenti dei Cardinali: Domenico Savelli (1792-1864) . (Italian, google.it ).
- ^ List of the Cardinal Deacons of San Giorgio in Velabro
- ↑ The correct date of death is attested by his epitaph in the church of San Pietro in Albano
- ↑ Incorrectly mentioned by some historians as Signori di Riccia
literature
- Litta Pompeo: Famiglie celebri di Italia. Savelli di Roma . Turin 1872 (Italian).
- David Rokeah: The Yemenite Tradition of the Targum of Lamentations - Umbria (Note) . S. 21 (English, google.it ).
- Gaetano Moroni: Dizionario di erudizione storico-ecclesiastica . tape LXI . Venice 1853, p. 294-308 (Italian, google.it ).