Rail-bound railways with linear drive

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UTDC Mark I linear powered train on the Scarborough Line of the Toronto Subway

Rail-bound railways with linear drives are public transport railways that are moved by linear motors like magnetic levitation trains , but unlike those that run on conventional tracks .

prehistory

In 1922 the engineer Hermann Kemper carried out the first experiments on magnetic levitation technology. In 1934 he was granted the relevant basic patent . On April 2, 1971, a first test run of the principle vehicle of a magnetic levitation train took place in Ottobrunn near Munich. It formed the basis for magnetic levitation trains such as the Transrapid and the M-Bahn , which are moved with linear motors.

In addition, the technology of the linear drive was also used in conventional wheel-rail systems. A test track for rail vehicles with linear motors existed from 1972 to 1974 in Berlin-Siemensstadt .

history

For the world exhibition in 1986 , the Canadian metropolis of Vancouver needed an efficient means of local transport that should be innovative and function as trouble-free as possible. A state-of-the-art technical concept with fully automatic operation and computer-controlled information and monitoring equipment as well as the use of the linear drive were essential elements. The linear induction motor promised extensive operational reliability even in deep snow and freezing rain. With this drive system, the driving and braking processes are completely independent of the wheel-rail adhesion .

On December 29, 1978, the Transit Development Center of the Urban Transportation Development Corporation (UTDC) was opened near the Canadian city of Kingston . Its test site with a 2.5 km long oval track was intended for testing the UTDC's newly developed, rail-bound local transport system Intermediate Capacity Transit System (ICTS). The most important features of the system based on conventional wheel-rail technology were the fully automatic operation ( SelTrac system ) and the drive by linear motors . The ICTS test vehicle, which is resting on two bogies, was supplied with 600 V DC voltage via a busbar on the side . Its top speed was 72 km / h with an acceleration capacity of 1.6 m / s².

The linear-powered trains of the Vancouver SkyTrain and AirTrain JFK were developed and built at UTCD.

Establishments

Edmonds station of the Expo Line in Vancouver , in the track the stator of the linear motor , which corresponds to the stator of the rotating machine
Single running vehicle on the Everline in Yongin

In Canada, there are three rail-bound local public transport (PT) routes on which linearly powered vehicles run. On March 23, 1985, the 6.4 km long, standard gauge Scarborough line (Scarborough RT) of the Toronto Subway went into operation. The 28.9 km long Expo Line of the SkyTrain in Vancouver was opened on January 3, 1986, followed by the 20.3 km Millennium Line on January 5, 2002 .

In the United States , the Detroit People Mover (1987, 4.7 km) and the AirTrain JFK , which connects New York 's John F. Kennedy Airport to the subway and suburban trains of the Long Island Railroad (LIRR), operated according to this principle.

The linear drive found widespread use in rail-mounted systems in Japan . In Tokyo , this is the case with the 40.7 km long Ōedo line of the Toei subway, which opened on December 12, 2000 . The first Japanese line with linearly powered trains was the Nagahori ~ Tsurumi-ryokuchi line of the Osaka subway , which opened in 1990, followed by its Imazatosuj line in 2006. At the Fukuoka subway , the trains on the 12 km long Nanakuma line move linearly.

Trains powered by linear motors also run on lines 4 and 5 of the Guangzhou Metro in Guangzhou , the capital of the Chinese province of Guangdong . Line 4 (43.7 km long) was opened in 2005, line 5 (31.9 km long) in 2009. In 2008 the 28 km long Airport Express went into operation in Beijing .

Other rail-bound railways with linear drive:

vehicles

The former manufacturer UTDC, owned by the government of the Canadian province of Ontario , which also built rail and tram vehicles, was sold to Bombardier Transportation in 1991 . Bombardier renamed the Mark I and Mark II series to Innovia ART 100 and Innovia ART 200, respectively.

Bombardier Innovia Metro trains operate in Vancouver, Toronto, Detroit, New York, Beijing and Yongin. The standard-gauge vehicles are 2.65 m wide, they run individually, as coupled individual vehicles or as up to four connected, continuously accessible units. They are supplied with the necessary DC voltage (600, 650 or 750 volts) via power rails attached to the side of the tracks .

There are several types:

  • Innovia ART 100 (Vancouver, Toronto, Detroit)
  • Innovia ART 200 (Vancouver, New York, Kuala Lumpur, Yongin, Beijing)
  • Innovia ART 300 or Innovia Metro 300 (Vancouver, Kuala Lumpur)

The abbreviation ART stands for "Advanced Rapid Transit".

The vehicles of the Japanese railways come from local manufacturers. The prototypes 12-001 and 12-002 were conventional vehicles that the Japan Transport Engineering Company converted to linear drive in 1987. Nippon Sharyō Seizō delivered the first six-part pre-series trains in 1991, and by 2001 Nippon Sharyō and Hitachi had built 53 eight-car trains. The power supply of the trains in Japan with a direct voltage of 1500 volts is provided by an overhead line .

Vehicles from the Japanese manufacturer Kawasaki Heavy Industries , which are also being built by the Chinese company CRRC Qingdao Sifang in the joint venture , run on lines 4 and 5 of the Guangzhou Metro . They receive their electricity (1500 volts DC) from a busbar on the side.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ The Transrapid project at fh-dortmund.de, accessed on November 25, 2018
  2. ↑ Bodo Schulz / Michael Krolop: The private and industrial railways in Berlin (West) . 1st edition. C. Kersting, Niederkassel-Mondorf 1989, ISBN 3-925250-06-9 , p. 121 .
  3. ↑ Guide through Vancouver in: Tram Magazin 5/98, p. 58 ff.
  4. ↑ Commuter traffic test center Kingston opened in: Der Stadtverkehr 1/1979, p. 26.
  5. ↑ UTCD Kingston Transit Development Center at: transit.toronto.on.ca, accessed December 6, 2017
  6. ↑ Osaka is the city where the Linear Metro was born at jametro.or.jp, accessed on November 26, 2018
  7. ↑ Guangzhou Metro in railway-technology.com, accessed on November 27, 2018