Heidesheim Castle
| Heidesheim Castle | ||
|---|---|---|
 Entrance to the Heidesheim Palace Park |
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| Data | ||
| place | Obrigheim (Palatinate) | |
| Client | Johann Ludwig and Philipp Georg von Leiningen | |
| Construction year | 1608-1612 | |
| demolition | 1794 | |
| Coordinates | 49 ° 35 '2 " N , 8 ° 11' 46.2" E | |
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The Heidesheimer Schloss was a castle building of the Counts of Leiningen in the Rhineland-Palatinate town of Colgenstein-Heidesheim . Except for the castle park, it has completely disappeared.
history
In 1560, the county of Leiningen-Hardenburg was under the brothers Johann Philipp I and Emich XI. divided up. As the elder, Johann Philipp received the headquarters in Hardenburg with Dürkheim and the surrounding area, Battenberg , Großbockenheim , Kleinbockenheim and various free float. From then on, he and his descendants referred to themselves as Counts of Leiningen-Dagsburg-Hardenburg. Emich XI. inherited Falkenburg Castle with the surrounding villages as well as Mühlheim an der Eis , Colgenstein, Heidesheim , Kindenheim and Biedesheim in the Northern Palatinate , Guntersblum in Rheinhessen and various other properties. The latter line was called Leiningen-Dagsburg-Falkenburg.
Emich XI. From 1608, sons Johann Ludwig and Philipp Georg had a castle built in Heidesheim in the area of a farm estate that had been owned by the family for ages, which they moved into as their residence in 1612. It was more conveniently located and more central than the Falkenburg they had previously lived in. In nearby Mühlheim, Count Johann Ludwig set up the hereditary burial of his line, which prot. The parish church became a castle church.
The family split again into the branches Leiningen-Falkenburg-Guntersblum and Leiningen-Falkenburg-Heidesheim with the respective living quarters in Gunterblum and Heidesheim. Born there, Maria Luise Albertine zu Leiningen-Dagsburg-Falkenburg (1729-1818), daughter of the then lord of the palace Christian Karl Reinhard von Leiningen-Dagsburg-Falkenburg and grandmother of the future King Ludwig I of Bavaria and the Prussian Queen, came from the Heidesheim line Luise .
The Leiningen family line Dagsburg-Falkenburg became extinct in its two branches Gunterblum and Heidesheim in 1774 in the male line. Thereupon the relatives of the Leiningen-Dagsburg-Hardenburg line , who had meanwhile resided at Dürkheim Castle, took over all of their possessions. Heidesheim Palace now belonged to Count Carl Friedrich Wilhelm von Leiningen-Dagsburg-Hardenburg , from 1779 the 1st Prince of Leiningen. In 1776 he handed it over to the Protestant pastor Karl Friedrich Bahrdt (1740–1792), who founded a Philanthropinum in it, which was closed again in 1778.
Coming from the extinct family line Leiningen-Dagsburg-Falkenburg, Count Johann Ludwig von Leiningen-Falkenburg (1643-1687) had an illegitimate son from a first, unofficial connection with Amalie Sybille von Daun, (daughter of Wilhelm Wirich von Daun-Falkenstein ) (* 1673) with the same name as the father, who was excluded from regular succession. His grandchildren Wilhelm Carl and Wenzel Joseph sued their relatives, the princes of Leiningen-Dagsburg-Hardenburg, at the Reichshofrat for the surrender of the property of their family line Leiningen-Dagsburg-Falkenburg, which had been confiscated in 1774, or they claimed their rights to succession in their family line, from which they had so far were excluded because of the illegitimate birth of their grandfather. By decisions of the Reichshofrat dated February 15, 1782, February 4, 1783 and August 19, 1784, their claims were recognized as justified. This finally resulted in a settlement between them and the princes of Leiningen-Dagsburg-Hardenburg on January 17, 1787, by which they were declared sovereigns of the two Leiningen-Falkenburg offices of Guntersblum and Heidesheim, with their family's existing castles. The remainder of the confiscated Leiningen-Falkenburg possessions remained with the princes of Leiningen-Dagsburg-Hardenburg.
As a continuation of the family line Leiningen-Dagsburg-Falkenburg, which had previously been considered extinct, the two independent count houses Leiningen-Heidesheim emerged under Count Wenzel Joseph and Leiningen-Guntersblum under his brother Wilhelm Carl. Heidesheim therefore became a count's residence again from 1787. Count Wenzel Joseph , Privy Councilor and Vice-High Marshal of Trier Elector Clemens Wenzeslaus of Saxony , received back the old Heidesheim office in Leiningen-Falkenburg, which included the Palatinate localities of Heidesheim , Colgenstein , Mühlheim an der Eis , Kindenheim and Erpolzheim and three quarters of the village of Steinbach at Donnersberg included. The residence of this dwarf state, of which only the three villages Heidesheim, Colgenstein and Mühlheim were territorially connected, while the other communities were exclaves , was set up by the Count on the already existing Heidesheim Castle. The two new counties of Leiningen-Guntersblum and Leiningen-Heidesheim were the only territories in Leiningen to be Catholic, which meant that the Catholic religion was revived to a modest extent in those almost purely Protestant areas. Wenzel Joseph had a Catholic house chapel in his Heidesheim castle, which apparently also served as the unofficial parish church of the local Catholics, as the holy oils were kept here. It is documented in the Worms consecration diaries that Auxiliary Bishop Stephan Alexander Würdtwein consecrated a pyxis on September 1, 1791 , which was used to store the holy oils in the house chapel of Count Wenzel von Leiningen-Heidesheim.
Count Wenzel Joseph von Leiningen-Heidesheim (1738–1825) lived with his wife Maria Margareta Katharina Elisabeth Ferdinanda Walburga Eva Freiin von Sickingen zu Ebernburg (1741–1795) and their six children (a son named Klemens Wilhelm and five daughters) until they were expelled by the French revolutionary army in Heidesheim. The French burned the castle down in January 1794 during the First Coalition War , the count family fled and settled in Neudenau .
Building stock
So far, no image of the Heidesheim Castle has become known. The castle park with the remains of a moat still exists today and has old trees. The castle building was on an island in the park and was surrounded on all sides by moats. Erected from 1608, it seems to have been rebuilt later in the Baroque style. Karl Friedrich Bahrdt , who received it in 1776 from Count Carl Friedrich Wilhelm to set up his Philanthropinum, writes about it:
“ He offered me an entire castle, which contained fifty rooms and had a closed courtyard of 4 acres of land shaded with linden trees. This castle, which was built in a very modern way and mostly provided with beautiful wallpaper, wall mirrors and paneling, I was to have free of charge, for permanent use. At this castle there was a garden of enormous size that could easily hold 12 to 14 acres, which was also to be given as a gift. In addition to the castle, there were various cute houses which the servants and councilors of the former rule had lived in. "
In 1770 Anton Friedrich Büsching's New Description of the Earth says:
" In Heydesheim there is a spacious castle with beautiful gardens and a moat ... "
Peter Gärtner stated in 1855 that Heidesheim Castle was well fortified and that the residents of Grünstadt had brought their belongings there to safety in 1635, during the Thirty Years' War , when the Spaniards from Frankenthal, which they occupied, repeatedly made forays into the area.
After the French burned it down in January 1794, the castle ruins were torn down. Decorative stones and house stones were bought by a Dirmstein citizen who built them on today's property at Metzgergasse 1. What exactly belonged to the Heidesheim Castle from the qualitative stone carvings there can no longer be said today. In any case, the drilled window frames with plant ornaments and decorative faces on the upper floor probably come from there, as they are rather unusual for a town house; possibly also the elaborate archway.
Today there is a villa from the early 20th century in the castle garden. In Heidesheim, Schlossstrasse is a reminder of the missing residence.
literature
- State Office for Monument Preservation: The Art Monuments of Bavaria. Administrative region of Pfalz, VIII. City and District of Frankenthal, Oldenbourg Verlag, Munich 1939, p. 278
- Margarethe Roth: The former county of Leiningen-Heidesheim. In: Leininger Geschichtsblätter. 6th year, Kirchheimbolanden, 1907, pp. 21–24 u. 28-31
- Peter Gärtner: History of the Bavarian-Rhine Palatinate castles , Speyer, 1855, Volume 2, p. 151 u. 152
Web links
- Entry on Heidesheim Castle in the private database "Alle Burgen".
- SWR website for Heidesheim, with mention of the castle
Individual evidence
- ^ Johann Georg Lehmann : Documented history of the castles and mountain palaces in the former districts, counties and lordships of the Bavarian Palatinate , Volume 3, pp. 228-231, Kaiserslautern, 1860
- ^ Website of the Mühlheim Castle Church
- ^ Wolfgang Wüst, Andreas Otto Weber: Spiritual states in Upper Germany within the framework of the Imperial Constitution: Culture, Constitution, Economy, Society , Bibliotheca academica, 2002, p. 282, ISBN 3-928471-49-X ; To work for the Archbishop of Trier
- ^ Friedrich Gilardone: Official directory and statistics of the royal Bavarian administrative district of the Palatinate , Speyer, 1870, p. 226; Description of the Heidesheim office (= Grafschaft Leiningen-Heidesheim) at the end of the 18th century
- ^ Hermann Schmitt : Pontifical actions of the Worms auxiliary bishops on churches, altars, bells, cult implements , in: Archive for Middle Rhine Church History , 10th year, 1958, p. 336; For the consecration of a pyxis for the count's house chapel in Heidesheim
- ^ Franz Xaver Remling : The Rhine Palatinate in the Revolutionary Period from 1792 to 1798 , Speyer, 1865, Volume 1, p. 506, footnote 645; For the cremation of the castle in Heidesheim
- ↑ Digital scan from the source
- ↑ Digital scan from the source
- ↑ Peter Gärtner: History of the Bavarian-Rhineland Palatinate Castles , Speyer, 1855, Volume 2, p. 152