Herzford Castle
The Herzford Castle is a moated castle near the autonomous town of Ueberlingen in southern Emsland. It was built in 1337 as the "thor Slipse" castle on the left bank of the Ems .
The baroque mansion was built between 1717 and 1723 under the court councilor and tenant Anton Helweg and the von Schorlemer family , the architect of which was the master builder Gottfried Laurenz Pictorius (1663–1729). The bridge, the outer bailey and the gardens were planned by the late Baroque builder Johann Conrad Schlaun .
Herzford Castle changed hands many times. The Duke of Arenberg acquired it in 1853, who transferred his Emsland property to Arenberg-Meppen GmbH in 1928. The palace complex continued to deteriorate until 1970. Then a Lingen manufacturer bought it and has been repairing it ever since.
geography
The settlement of Herzford is located about 1.5 kilometers southwest on the left bank of the Ems in the town of Lingen (Ems) . The estate is popularly known as the “front garden” and partly belongs to the Lingen district of Herzford, district of Emsland and to Lohne (municipality of Wietmarschen). Herzford is located on the edge of the Lingener Höhe .
Gut Herzford is located in the Lingen district of Schepsdorf, which borders the Darme district in the east and the Elbergen district of the municipality of Emsbüren in the south and the Lohne district of the municipality of Wietmarschen in the west , which borders the Grafschaft Bentheim district.
Herzford is close to the federal highway 31 and at the intersection of the federal roads 70, 213 and 214, which are bypasses around the city of Lingen (Ems) .
The "Herzford Straße" (towards Schepsdorf in the north and Elbergen in the south) and the street "Schottelhof" (towards Lohne in the west) run through the Herzford estate.
Nature and manor
Originally, Herzford only had a small, independent manor area when the district and the castle were established. It is known from reports that the Elberg grazing cattle were still watered from the moat in the 18th century. The estate grew under the ownership of Schorlemer, to whom the Elberg march comrades made the chapel there for the donation (tower construction), for which larger marrow grounds were left.
A post mill stood on the edge of the Herzford forest between 1700 and 1939 .
In 1847, the following are listed as the righteousness of the property: State Parliament capacity , d. H. an independent manor district with representation in the state parliament; private hunt on the estate, paddock hunt , d. H. Joint hunting in the parishes of Schepsdorf, Emsbüren and Salzbergen and the Munster enclaves on the right bank of the Ems, with the authority to keep a hunter who is buried and also to issue two hunting shields (hunting license). Fishing on the Ems was only allowed on the Herzford side along the estate boundary of approximately one mile (1.61 km).
In 1852 the size of the estate was 617 acres (2.497 km²) of farm seed, 800 acres of land in the large moor, 14 acres of wood and 22 acres of meadows in the Elberger Mark and 100 acres in the Fuhrenkämpen of the Lohner Mark. Through the purchase of land and further requests, the Herzford area increased to around 467 hectares. Forest workers erected a crossroads in the Herzford Forest in 1879 with their own funds.
In the 1970s, the hiring families Bertling, Lambers, Menger, Rickling, Schomaker and Wenning moved to Schepsdorf. The Schottelhof (now Berling family), Bekel (later Bickers) and Hofschlag farms are also located in the former estate district.
The forests of the surrounding Herzford Forestry Estate are owned by Arenberg-Meppen GmbH. Since 1989, the non-profit "Stiftung Herzog Engelbert-Charles and Duchess Mathildis von Arenberg" named after the last owner couple has been the sole shareholder. The forestry lost in the 1980s in the north through the construction of the federal highway 213 and in the 1990s in the west through the construction of the Autobahn A 31 larger forest areas, which through purchase until 2010, mainly in the northwest, finally reached the previous size again through a basic exchange . The Herzford property now comprises around 467 hectares (4.67 km²) of forest and agricultural land.
The Herzford Forest is a mixed forest and consists mainly of pine, oak, spruce, larch, beech and Douglas fir.
history
Naming
In the year 890 the name "Hriesforda" (Hirschfurt) was first mentioned in writing in the Werden Heberegister . In the Lingen region, the Ems drew several slips (also ties) and denotes a small strip of land. At that time there were extensive deciduous forests with loamy soil on the Ems, where many deer stayed. Today, meter-thick leaf deposits are still found in places in the Ems; z. B. A few years ago a sensational find in the Emsbett of well-preserved deer antlers.
The name Herzford developed from the original name Hirschfurt. Some sources (registers, maps, documents ...) give different spellings, u. a. Herzeforth, Herzenfurth, Herseforth, Hersenword, Herssevoerde and Herzfurt (h).
Castle "Thor Slips" (1336–1400) and Herzford Castle (built 1732/1734)
Bishop Ludwig II of Münster (1310–1357) had important reasons to build the castle "thor Slips bey Herzeforth" in 1336. The bulwark should be directed against Count Nikolaus I, called Claus, of Tecklenburg and against the predatory Bentheimers ( Grafschaft Bentheim ) and Ottensteiner (Grafschaft Ahaus). The bishop wanted to protect his Emsland possessions and secure the important connection over the road from Rheine via Meppen to his northern Emsland areas, the Hümmling and East Friesland, which led to the left-Emsian district of Elbergen. From the north to the south of the diocese of Münster, the "connecting piece" Herzford between the counties of Bentheim (in the west) and Tecklenburg (in the east) was five kilometers long at the narrowest point.
There is evidence that a Freiherr von Langen was named the first Burgmann with the words "uppe dat hus, dat he tymmern denket thor slipse". Shortly before completion in 1337, the castle was destroyed by the two Counts Nikolaus I of Tecklenburg and Count Simon von Bentheim.
It was not until 1346 that the castle was rebuilt at the instigation of Bishop Ludwig II of Münster. At the same time he had to give Count Otto III. make great concessions from Bentheim, u. a. accept him as the new Burgmann.
In 1363, Bishop Johann I von Münster appointed Baron Cord von Langen as Burgmann. Count Otto VI. von Tecklenburg attacked the castle and destroyed it. Bishop Heidenreich von Münster had a new castle built in 1385 near the old castle on the Slipse. He allied himself with Bishop Dietrich von Osnabrück and drew together and victoriously against Count Otto VI. from Tecklenburg before. Castle "thor Slips" was then under the ministerial authorities of the Münster (administration).
In 1400 Count Nikolaus II of Tecklenburg renounced all rights to the castle with the saying: "to the Slote van Herssevorede by der Slypse". This became meaningless and razed. In 1432 the estate passed to Count Hermann von Münster from the Meinhövel and Botzlar family.
From 1732 to 1734, today's Herzford Castle was built on the foundation walls of the demolished castle. The cross vaults in the cellar of the former castle have been preserved to this day.
owner
After the unsuccessful attempts by Bishop Ludwig II of Münster to build “thor Slips” against Lingen with the castle, his successor, Bishop Heidenreich of Münster, continued the fight against Count Nicholas II of Tecklenburg. Weakened by a long feud with Osnabrück that was unfavorable for him, he first sought peace. The fighting, which soon flared up again, came to a very lossy conclusion for him after the count's capture. On June 20, 1400, he had to renounce all rights to Gut Herzford and the left-Ems road between Rheine and Meppen. After the break of the Mecklenburg power, Herzford lost its military importance and the castle was demolished. The Herzford manor district comes under Münster administration in 1400.
In 1432 it was owned by Count Hermann von Münster from the Meinhövel and Botzlar family, who, when he was enfeoffed with his family's castle in front of Bentheim Castle, was called "Herr zu Herzford". He married Gertrud von Langen for the second time in 1442 with the diamonds in the coat of arms. The marriage remained childless. Herzford passed to his nephew Count Heinreich, son of Hermann's brother Count Bernhard (his wife Johanna von Ruins, heiress of the glory Ruins). Count Heinrich von Munster was married to Agnes de Vos van Steenwijk.
His son Rolof von Münster was married to Bawina Heemstra, from Haus Duirsum (Dan Ham) near Loppersum (NL). He became Drost of the Dutch Office of Coevorden and the Province of Drenthe . He was enfeoffed with the Bentheimer Burglehn in 1515 and was thus lord of Herzford until his death around 1520. Her son Roelof van Münster (+1558) married Maria von Selbach in 1535 (around 1510–1576). They soon lived on Duirsum, both of them are laid to rest in the church in Loppersum (tombstones). The grandson Roloff von Münster (1531–1600), enfeoffed with Herzford in 1563, was married to Ida von Onsta zu Sauwerd . Both can now be admired as large portraits in oil paintings in the Emsland Museum in Lingen .
Her son, Count Roleff von Münster, appears in the Münster state parliament lists from 1591 to 1654, the year of his death, because of Herzford. He was awarded the Bentheimer Burglehn in 1606. His marriage to Ela von Mönnich zu Eickhof remained childless. One of his sisters, Theodora, was married to Casper von Loen zu Borgenstede. The Herzford estate was passed on to their son, Rittmeister Franz Roland von Loen.
In 1657, Captain Franz Roland von Loen donated a new altar to the church in Schepsdorf . It still occurs on Herzford in 1675. He was married to Marie Sophie von Loe zu Overdycke. Their son Johann Casper Rotger von Loen, who was enfeoffed with Herzford in 1700, died on November 13, 1702. He and his wife Wilhelmine Johanna von Walfeld zu Klinke left behind a daughter Rotgera who was married to Baron van Dongen. In 1703 and 1708 she was given the fief of Gut Herzford.
It then sold it to the Prince-Bishop of Münster, Franz Arnold von Wolff-Metternich , on October 30, 1714 Herzford through the Münster court and chamber councilor Anton Helweg. On December 24, 1718, Prince-Bishop Franz Arnold von Münster sold the estate for 8,000 Reichstaler to Colonel Hermann Werner Joseph von Schorlemer (from the Overhagen line) and moved into the manor house in Herzford. The Schorlemer family belonged to the most important families of the Westphalian nobility.
In the years 1717 to 1723 the castle was built on the foundation walls of the castle "thor Slipse" according to the design of the famous master builder Gottfried Laurenz Pictorius. He was an architect a. a. from the moated castle Nordkirchen, Schloss Dankern and numerous aristocratic courts in the Münsterland. The building history of the castle was only redefined in 2011: samples of the timber were taken and the felling date is determined using the dendrochronological method. Until then it was always assumed that the construction time was between 1732 and 1734. A historical correction must be made here.
The couple's alliance coat of arms is affixed above the castle portal and in the back gable. Hermann Werner Joseph von Schorlemer later became lieutenant general and commander of the Münster troops. He lived with his first wife, Baron Antoinette Christine von Brabeck, at Gut Herzford, where he also set up a chapel and employed a chaplain.
In 1740, Hermann Werner Joseph von Schorlemer agreed with the Elbergen community that the chaplain in the local chapel would be allowed to hold church services in Emsbüren on weekdays. Schorlemer built a tower at the Elbergen Chapel and organized a big festival that is still celebrated today in a large procession.
Antoinette Christine von Schorlemer, née Freiin von Brabeck, died on June 12, 1735. Hermann Werner Joseph von Schorlemer then went on to marry Maria Alexandrine von Korff-Schmising zu Tatenhausen for the second time . Clemens August von Bayern, Prince-Bishop of Münster and Elector of Cologne approved that Hermann Werner Joseph von Schorlemer may bequeath the estate to his second wife. At Herzford there is still a statue with both coats of arms on the base with the year 1742.
Around 1750, probably the most important builder of the Westphalian Baroque, Johann Conrad Schlaun , who wanted to implement his “Planum von Herseforth”, lived here for some time . This was supposed to combine the lightness of Dutch broderie - parterre around a fountain basin with the precisely geometric, but then massive, penetration of grooves and basins. At the end of the garden to the central axis there should be a pavilion. Another plan draft by Schlaun between 1775 and 1780 shows the layout of the gate and farm buildings and also the course of the moats in the garden. The plan was not implemented because the benefits were paramount. In addition to the castle, the following plans were implemented: the graceful gate pavilions with a mansard roof next to the high bridge piers, which had to be demolished in 1950 due to disrepair. In addition, there was the design of the forecourt, the bridge system, the two pillars at the entrance to the castle, the stables and the aforementioned gardens. The single-storey mansion with a high hipped roof is built from small-shaped bricks, corner teeth, windows and door frames are made of sandstone. Two small wing extensions are pushed out at the rear. The high basement is covered with brick cross vaults. It contains a spacious kitchen with pantries and a small house chapel. Of the farm buildings flanking the front of the house, only the southern one remains.
Both marriages of Hermann Werner Joseph von Schorlemer remained childless. When he died in 1766, the relatives of his second wife Maria Alexandrine von Korff-Schmising zu Tatenhausen made a claim on the Herzford estate. Baron Franz Otto von Korff called Schmising was enfeoffed with the estate in 1767, but was defeated in the ensuing legal dispute. The Herzford estate was rather passed on to the son of Schorlemer's sister Maria Anna Theresa Sophie (1670–1716), Count Carl Franz von Nesselrode . Maria Anna Theresa Sophie von Schorlemer was married to Baron Franz Carl von Nesselrode zu Ereshofen. Their son and now Herr zu Herzford, Count Carl Franz von Nesselrode, was married to Anna von Loe zu Wissen. Count Franz Carl claimed a third of the moorland in the Elberger Mark, which he was granted after a long trial with his fellow marchers. After his death, the son Count Carl Franz Alexander von Nesselrode inherited the Herzford estate. He was married to Countess Josepha von Hatzfeld-Wildenburg and had only one child, the daughter Auguste Caroline. After the death of her father in 1780, she became the heiress "Mistress of Herzford". At the age of 15 she was promised to her cousin Count Johann Wilhelm Carl von Nesselrode-Reichenstein in order to marry him. Since there was an impediment to marriage, the marriage was not consummated.
Auguste Caroline lived with her mother Josepha in Ereshofen. The former Hanoverian officer Gustav von Müller kidnapped her from there. After their first marriage was annulled, the couple was married in Herzford. During the French period he was Maire (= mayor) of Emsbüren, Salzbergen and Schepsdorf.
In 1810 Gustav von Müller received a brand land estimated at 1000 Dutch Florene (currency at the time) for the maintenance of the Sunday service in the Elberger Chapel. When the mark was divided, Gut Herzford was assigned a third of the forest cover to the Ellberger Mark. The estate received further large surcharges when the Schepsdorfer and Lohner Marks were divided, in which it was also entitled.
Gustav von Müller lived on Gut Herzford until 1832, changed his place of residence on Gut Vresdorf (near the town of Bardowick near Lüneburg ), which his son, the judiciary and later Vice President of Lüneburg, Karl Wilhelm Viktor von Müller, inherited . He leased the property to Freiherr von Litzog, who transferred it to Baron von Busch around 1835. He appointed Mr. von Gruneweg from Brandenburg as the leaseholder. Karl Wilhelm Viktor von Müller sold the Herzford estate on December 10, 1847 for 38,000 thalers to the captain Freiherr (Baron) Ferdinand von Morsey called Picard, nobleman from the Krebsburg family, who had already leased the estate. In 1852 the size of the estate is about 467 hectares. Morsey called Picard transferred it to his son Constantine on November 23, 1849.
Baron Ferdinand von Morsey called Piccard sells the Herzford estate (approx. 2,600 acres) on July 14, 1853 to Duke Prosper August von Arenberg (1824–1875) for 28,000 thalers. The estate was passed on to his descendants. By order of the duke, the Herzford estate was administered as a lease by his domain chamber in Meppen. The estate included fields, meadows, moor and forest, and covered an area of 363 hectares. The Arenberg family were members of the European nobility. This noble family had in 1803 as compensation for their lost areas on the left bank of the Rhine a. a. received the Meppen office of Münster until then . In the years around 1830 and primarily between 1860 and 1910, the Duke bought large areas of heather and silt from the divided brands and successfully reforested them.
From 1928 to 1933, the Duke of Arenberg brought his property, located in the German Empire, into regional GmbHs. The Herzford forest estate came to Arenberg-Meppen GmbH , based in Nordkirchen until 1967, and since then in Meppen. Herzford Castle has long been used as a forest service farm for the surrounding protective forest district or forest service district. The forest warden Johann Hermann Altmeppen sat here from around 1877 to 1903. Subsequently, his son Hermann Altmeppen resided here as a forest warden, then his nephew Bernhard Hermann Altmeppen worked as a forest warden until 1976, and lived at Herzford Castle until 1969. In 1970 Arenberg-Meppen GmbH sold Herzford Castle to the Lingen businessman and managing director of a holding company (textile company) Bernhard Merswolke, who had the building and plant completely renovated. It was important for the bourgeois lord of the castle, Merswolke, to stick to the original plans and restore the "original state".
In the summer of 2011, the two pavilions on the left and right of the bridge at the entrance to the castle were faithfully restored. The effort increased because the special roof covering had to consist of tower beaver-tails and more than 6,000 pieces had to be made by hand abroad.
Visiting the facility from the "street" is tolerated.
Second World War
During the Second World War from 1941 to 1945, the Herzford prisoner-of-war camp was located about 1500 m northwest of the castle. Up to 80 French prisoners of war were housed in the camp, an old half-timbered house. The soldiers had to do forced labor in chemical plants and in agriculture in the villages of Lohne and Schepsdorf. Nothing is left of the camp these days. Only a memorial stone with a plaque reminds of it.
Even if British troops heavily bombed and besieged the city of Lingen, the "front yard" Herzford was spared.
Political Affiliation
The Herzford Manor had 17 families with 110 inhabitants in 1850. At that time, comparable estates had far fewer residents.
In 1920, Herzford Manor lost its independent status. Originally a small property, its current size was determined by the division of the Elbergen and Schepsdorf-Lohne districts.
Through the district reform in 1977, Herzford and Schepsdorf were transferred to the municipality of Wietmarschen to the county of Bentheim . Almost a year later, the Lower Saxony reorganization of the counties Grafschaft Bentheim and Emsland shifted the county boundaries, so Schepsdorf and Herzford are assigned to the city of Lingen (Ems) and thus become Emsland.
Today Herzford belongs to the Lingen district of Schepsdorf.
Church affiliation
When it was first mentioned in a document in 890, Herzford belonged to the diocese of Münster .
In 1740 Hermann Werner Joseph von Schorlemer agreed with the Elbergen community that the chaplain in the local chapel, who was responsible for church services, would not officiate in the chapel there on the days of worship in Emsbüren. Schorlemer built a tower at the Elbergen chapel and donated a mass for the feast of St. John of Nepomuk on May 16, 1740, which is still celebrated in a large procession today. Pope Benedict XIII granted the chapel a general indulgence for the day.
The Herzford estate had a church seat in the chapel in Elbergen and in the church in Schepsdorf. The landowners had a hereditary funeral at the Schepsdorf cemetery. In 1810 Gustav von Müller received a brand land valued at 1000 Dutch Florene (currency at the time) for the maintenance of the Sunday service in the Elberger Chapel. When the mark was divided, Gut Herzford was assigned a third of the forest cover to the Elberger Mark. The estate received further large surcharges when the Schepsdorfer and Lohner Marks were divided, in which it was also entitled.
After the last agreements with the people of Elberg, the Herzford squire also had to have an early mass. The last chaplain of the castle was Reverend D. Berg. When he became pastor of Beesten in 1888 , the Duke of Arenberg replaced the landlord's entire church obligations with a one-off payment of 20,000 marks on July 5, 1892 .
With the establishment of the Federal Republic of Germany and the establishment of the state of Lower Saxony in 1949 and the district of Lingen, Herzford belongs to the Diocese of Osnabrück .
Web links
- Entry by Stefan Eismann about Schloss Herzford in the scientific database " EBIDAT " of the European Castle Institute
- Herzford Castle on the Wietmarschen community website
- More detailed description and picture on lingen.de
Individual evidence
- ↑ E.-G. Graf zu Münster, "The Counts of Münster - family history notes 1100-1980", Schwäbisch Gmünd, 1981; cited in "Emsländische und Bentheimer Familienforschung", 1992, issue 18, p. 626ff.
Coordinates: 52 ° 28 ′ 34.6 " N , 7 ° 17 ′ 7.3" E