Kromsdorf Castle
Kromsdorf Castle is a Renaissance castle in the Kromsdorf district of the Thuringian community of Ilmtal-Weinstraße , about five kilometers northeast of Weimar in the Weimarer Land district . Together with Tiefurt Castle and Denstedt Castle , it forms a group of three castles on the Ilm .
history
construction
Kromsdorf was originally a knight's seat. This was in the form of a small manor in the area of today's rectory. In 1580 Georg Albrecht von Kromsdorf had today's castle built south of the church. When Baron Johann Theodor de Mortaigne, Colonel in the Weimar service, took over the castle in 1666, the second important construction phase began. The castle got its present appearance through the addition of west and east wings. In addition, the garden wall in the castle park was provided with 64 niches for busts, the last two of which were missing only recently reappeared.
The boundary between the original building and the extension can be clearly seen. It runs vertically from bottom to top along the outer edges of the gable of both wings. There is also a clear crack on the eaves. In 1904 the castle came into the possession of Chamberlain Erich von Conta. He had the farm building torn down and a carriage shed with horse stable built, which now houses the library. He preserved the basic substance of the castle, but had the rooms on the ground floor converted in particular.
Renaissance and Baroque
Georg Albrecht von Kromsdorf had the castle built as an alternative to his small mansion (today's rectory) in order to be able to reside at the courts in Weimar and Altenburg according to his position as chamberlain.
There is a legend about the death of this last gentleman, "von Kromsdorf", who died in the Thirty Years' War : a mermaid is said to have lived in the Ilm near Groß- and Kleinkromsdorf and was up to mischief there.
“A poor squire belonging to Herr von Kromsdorf, who was sadly walking along the Ilm and thinking about his fate, was unexpectedly approached by the mermaid and received a bag of gold to alleviate his misery. However, he had to promise to keep silent about the gift. Since the gentleman of Kromsdorf did not miss the improved situation of his squire, he asked him about the reasons. True to his promise, he remained silent and had to atone for it with dungeons and torture. [...] Tortured to death, the squire then revealed his secret as he died. Thereupon the whole castle shook, the mermaid appeared and cursed the Lord of Kromsdorf and with him his family. After 40 days death overtook the Lord and his family died out after the third link. "
After the death of the last lord of the castle, Hans Christoph von Kromsdorf , the castle was auctioned off because of high debts. Only in 1646 did it find a buyer, Anna Magdalena, court master. She was the widow of the Princely Saxon court and stable master Hans Georg von Weidenbach zu Altenburg and a born from Kromsdorf. She took over the property including the castle for 4,300 guilders, of which her son-in-law, the royal Swedish lieutenant general Kaspar Kornelius Mortaigne de Potelles , contributed 3,000 guilders.
Her son Wolf Albrecht von Weidenbach later got the castle, since the main financier Caspar Cornely had died in 1647. After Wolf Albrecht von Weidenbach's death, the property came into the possession of Johann Theodor de Mortaignes, Caspar Cornely's son, two years later. After his death as commander of the fortress Szeged in 1691, the property was sold to Duke Wilhelm Ernst of Saxe-Weimar in 1692.
Saxe-Weimar
Duke Wilhelm Ernst bought the heavily indebted castle from the widow Johann Theodor de Mortaignes on March 8, 1692. With that, however, he was still not the unrestricted owner of the castle, since Groß- and Wenigenkromsdorf were "a man and woman fief" of the Counts Hohenlohe-Langenburg (owner of Ehrenstein Castle in Ohrdruf). In addition, the feudal court in Ohrdruf insisted that the duke would like to appoint a liege bearer, who was presented by his chamber councilor Voigt. At this time, Duke Wilhelm Ernst also set up the pheasant garden. He had the sculptures of Aurora, Juno and Vesta put up and most of the busts made.
After Duke Wilhelm Ernst died in 1728, there were some difficult years for the castle. In 1765 Anna Amalia gave her consent to demolish the orangery building, as it was assumed that it would not be used again. The ducal court liked to spend its time in Kromsdorf Castle. Theater and musical performances took place here.
In 1809, Grand Duke Carl August appropriated the castle through Section 34 of the Rhine Confederation Act. In 1833, his son Carl Friedrich had the park redesigned into a landscape garden, as can still be seen today. He also had some of the busts repaired. So that the castle could be reached more easily, he also planned a promenade from Tiefurt to Kromsdorf. However, this could not be realized until 1879.
The Grand Duke subordinated the lands belonging to Gut Großkromsdorf to the Kammergut Schöndorf. He also had the farm buildings demolished in 1840/41, as they were no longer needed. The castle served as a warehouse for furniture and collections. During the restoration, the carp pond was filled in and the south gate opened again. The festival rooms on the second floor received painted wall wallpapers and ceiling paintings.
After the death of Grand Duke Karl Friedrich, his widow Maria Pawlowna had the Carl-Friedrich-Damenstift set up in the palace in 1859. For this purpose, small apartments for four women were set up on the first floor. The social rooms were on the second floor. The ladies used the castle as a summer residence. Carl Alexander , the new Grand Duke, had his father's furnishings, which he had set up in the palace, moved to other palaces. The women's monastery ceased to exist in 1882 after the last lady of the family stayed.
Kromsdorf Castle 1829
Kromsdorf Castle (postcard around 1910)
Kromsdorf Castle, ballroom (postcard around 1910)
First and Second World War
After the death of Carl Alexander, the court marshal's office was informed by the new Minister of State in the department of the Grand Ducal House, Rothe, that the castle was no longer tenable because it was empty. In 1904, after lengthy and difficult negotiations, Chamberlain Erich von Conta succeeded in acquiring the castle. Until 1892 the neighboring castle of Denstedt Castle belonged to his wife's family, the von Wegener family, named Linker von Lützenwick . For her sake, he is said to have bought the castle back then.
The castle did not change during the First World War. In 1932 and 1938, von Conta organized his famous “Sweden festivals” in the palace and park. After his death in 1943, his niece, Frieda von Breitenbuch, inherited the castle.
1945 to 1989
After 1945 there were no more positive prospects for feudal-aristocratic or bourgeois court holdings in the eastern part of Germany, as represented by the Kromsdorf Palace. In 1946 refugees were admitted to the castle. This gave it the status of a tenement house. Before the property was placed under municipal administration, the letting and ownership rights were exercised by the von Breitenbuch family as heirs of the last owner, Erich von Conta.
The property was never used as intensively as it was after 1945. The castle was completely inhabited. The community library and a modest village restaurant later moved into the ground floor. The former apiary became a kindergarten in 1949, and eventually an apartment. The outer park ("pheasant garden"), the wall of which was almost completely destroyed (extraction of material for new farmhouses), has been used as a sports field since 1948 and thus lost its character.
The Raßbach metal factory moved into the farmyard in 1947, since 1972 part of the Weimar Agricultural Machinery Combine , also known as the "Weimar factory". The palace gardens became parceled out tenant kitchen gardens. In 1959 the trees in the northern part of the inner park were cleared. The functional overstrain and gross neglect of elementary building maintenance led to serious damage. Their rectification, especially on the roof and in the wooden beamed ceilings of the castle, was tackled at a time (from 1966) when the funds to be procured were no longer able to meet the actual requirements.
The restoration work remained u. a. incomplete with a torn-out ceiling and peeled off valuable wallpaper in the former ballroom. In the garden, renovations were almost completely omitted, and in the former farm yard the “Weimar-Werk” took care of new investments that did not benefit the appearance of the entire complex.
In this situation of the renewed decline of the palace complex, it had to arouse hopeful expectations that the Weimar University of Architecture and Building would be interested in the palace, the palace courtyard, the garden and the chapel (after the church administration gave up the property with the loss of the organ and the Pulpit altar). From 1975 the university took over the ownership of parts of the property, zealously cleared the castle and developed bold conversion and expansion concepts for a “further education institute”.
However, the continuation of the restoration work was so slow that the damage increased. From 1982 students moved in with the partly approved, partly unsupported goal of "occupying the castle". The university management got into a conflict, because the university's own, partially ruinous building was officially neither a boarding school nor an institute building. The shared apartment, which at times consisted of up to 20 students, also saw its task in maintaining the castle. In the " student summers " 1983 to 1988 the hunting hall was freed of fixtures, the castle cleared out and windows glazed (1983), ceiling beams in the ballroom renovated (1984), the hunting hall restored (1985), windows in the hunting hall renewed (1986), work on The castle walls were carried out (1986-88) and the eastern Renaissance gable was completely rebuilt using the historical limestone walls and decorative parts (1987/88). In 1988 the slate roof was also repaired.
The university management planned the restoration of the garden sculptures for 1978, but never carried it out. The development of a monument conservation objective for the garden restoration was initiated in 1979. The portrait busts should also be restored and were therefore stored in the former coach house. In 1986 the application was made to hand over the property to the municipal administration. The then mayor planned a culture and meeting center in cooperation with the students. From 1986 to 1988 the chapel was redesigned as an amateur theater with a connecting corridor to the castle.
Kromsdorf Castle, east gable construction site, 1987
Kromsdorf Castle, Hunting Hall, 1988
Kromsdorf Castle, Hall, 1988
1990s
In the 1990s, the palace and the entire complex were extensively renovated and the last students, now from the Bauhaus University Weimar, left the palace.
today
For a while, the castle was used by several associations, including the Thuringian Film Office, the Kinderhaus Kreativ and the Maria Pawlowna Society. The castle restaurant with home-style cooking has been closed since March 2017 until further notice. Currently there is only a law firm's office in the castle.
The palace area
Castle garden
The palace garden has existed since 1580, but was only a pure kitchen garden in the traditional sense at that time. Around 1668 Johann Theodor de Mortaigne had it redesigned. The flat area of the garden was divided into rectangular pieces, which were separated from each other by paths, so that each looked like a small garden in its design. The overall context was preserved by the orderly planting with boxwood. The underground was laid out with different colored, black and white materials.
An oil painting of unknown date kept in the Weimar Castle Museum shows the castle and its surroundings at that time. The bastions there are roofed over with curved hoods, and the south wall has a tiled roof. In the middle of the garden you can see a tier tree or tier fountain. To the left of the southwestern bastion you can see a dark spot that can be interpreted as a moat. However, nothing is known about the existence of such a system.
The complex with its clear demarcation and its limited dimensions is indicative of Dutch ideas - the Mortaigne family came from there. Therefore, it is also possible that Dutch artists were involved in the design of the garden.
After Mortaigne's death, Duke Wilhelm Ernst carried out a slight redesign in the baroque style. He had the four figures Aurora, Flora, Juno and Vesta set up and planted valuable trees. As in many ducal castles, an orange hot house was built in Kromsdorf. This should have been in the northeast corner of the garden. In an inventory from 1729 it says:
"34 Italian orange trees in pots, cypress trees, oleander, laurel, jasmine, oliva vera, etc. a., next to it 400 pieces of cloves of rare varieties in grayling, 66 pieces of rosemary with crowns, aloe, etc., which are called Indian and other foreign plants. A kitchen garden with roots, Caul Rabbi and cabbage in front of Fürstl. Kitchen. [...] These orange trees are said to have been spoiled because of the intense heating up of Sr. Mi defuncti's ailment at Cromsdorf, in their place have now been referred again: 188 good trunks in Aeschen, of which 15 have so fruit, [...] "
It is also reported that in the pheasantry established in 1699 (today used as a sports field, among other things) there were 150 pheasants and 15 welsh chickens that were brought to breed in this way . These were under the care of a pheasant warden.
After the Duke's death, the palace gardens fell into disrepair. It was not until Grand Duke Carl Friedrich that new bushes and trees were planted and the north and south gates were given new wings in 1833. In 1904 the palace garden was changed by the Conta Chamber Council. Most of the north wall was torn down in order to tie the garden closer to the house, without considering the basic concept of the ensemble.
In the years after the First World War, the symmetrically laid out paths were merged in order to be able to cultivate the area better as arable land. In the 1980s the garden was a meadow, only interrupted by the middle path from the castle to the south gate. It was not until 1994 that the paths were reconstructed according to Mortaigne's plan. For cost reasons, the individual garden areas were not designed according to the historical model, but left as simple lawns. With the exception of two spruce trees, the large tree population, which has now grown to a considerable size, was not attacked either, although it contradicts the original design concept. However, they benefit today's use.
Castle wall
The oldest part of the castle wall is the four to five meter high part between the castle and the garden house with the massive wooden gate and the wicket door next to it and was built together with the castle in 1580. With the establishment of the Renaissance garden, Mortaigne had it completely surrounded by a garden wall in 1666–68. He had 64 niches inserted for stone busts, which are distributed on all sides. Of the originally four-sided garden wall, only the south, east, west and part of the north wall are preserved today. Presumably at the same time as the garden wall, the walls north and east of the castle were built. In the south wall there is a gate that leads to the pheasant garden. The wooden gate was completely rebuilt in 1988 based on historical drawings.
In 1988 a collapsed section of the garden wall south of the garden house was completely renewed by the students living in the castle, including the foundation.
Renovation work from 1991 to 1992 saved the castle wall from final disintegration. The top of the wall was secured with a metal cover and then planted with ground cover (suitable stonecrop and stone breaker species). Only a few meters remain from another wall that used to lead around the entire palace complex to the banks of the Ilm. Only a wall is left of her in the pheasant garden. The "Black Gate" was at this point. Today's north wall was only renovated and reconstructed in 2001. It is behind the parking lot. In 1907 it was demolished roughly the width of the castle by von Conta. The original north wall was the end of the farm yard directly opposite the castle.
Stone busts
When Mortaigne redesigned the palace gardens in 1666, he installed 64 niches for sandstone busts in the garden wall. It is not clear how many busts Mortaigne and how many his successor Duke Wilhelm Ernst had made. It is believed that the majority of the busts can be attributed to Wilhelm Ernst, as he was financially better off and was also a collector of such pieces. From 1709 he commissioned the sculptor Hans Caspar Ritze to make more busts. It would be necessary for historians to justify the motives of the two clients for the selection of the 64 people and their identity.
When the French troops marched through Kromsdorf in 1806 , they cut off all but 11 busts of the noses. A restoration was carried out by the sculptor Dupont on the order of Grand Duke Carl Friedrich from 1833. In 1979 the busts were stored in the roof of the coach house. After the restoration, however, there were only 61 busts left.
In 1995 the bust of Johann Wilhelm von Sachsen-Eisenach reappeared. She was found in Jena . At Christmas 2002 the bust of Bethlen Gabor was rediscovered, which was in a Weimar allotment garden. Due to the publications on this, a short time later, in the spring of 2003, the last bust, that of the Emperor of Morocco, was found. It was found in Bergern in an overgrown garden. She was still missing her nose, donations were collected for restoration and now all the busts are again gathered in the castle wall.
The total of 64 busts are listed in the list of stone busts at Kromsdorf Castle .
The busts in the Kromsdorf castle wall can be divided as follows: There are 32 European busts and 32 oriental busts. With 45 busts, the rulers and military leaders are by far the majority. There are only three poets and thinkers. It is also noticeable that only one woman is mentioned by name: Anne Stuart . The other female busts have impersonal names, such as "Woman from the island of Chios ".
It is possible that some busts were repurposed. Some researchers are of the opinion that the bust of Anna Stuart was originally the bust of the "Maria Roman Kayserin".
Half of the busts can be assigned to armed conflicts. The Thirty Years War takes up most of the space. In terms of numbers, the Reformation, Counter-Reformation and other related armed conflicts in Europe follow. Mortaigne probably used the Theatrum Europaeum as a model. Numerous personalities from this time can be found in this collection of copperplate engravings.
Woman from Adrianople
Charles XII (Swedish King)
Bust of Kara Mustaphas
More sculptures
The four garden sculptures Aurora, Flora, Juno and Vesta have not survived. Only two of the pedestals for the figures are still in the southern part of the garden. Originally there were two bear sculptures in front of the castle entrance in the stair tower. They were probably stored in a stonemason workshop in Weimar in 1979. Today there is only one of these bear sculptures, which has been restored and placed again in front of the castle's Renaissance portal. The pillars of the southern garden gate are decorated with two vases. The pillar on the fragment of the north wall of the garden is probably part of the north garden gate and has a top in the form of a flower basket.
Castle chapel
Behind the castle, not visible from the park side, lies the oldest part of the Kromsdorf castle complex: the castle chapel. Documents about the construction do not exist, the first documentary mention dates back to 1333. The next dates are given by a tombstone that is embedded in the south wall. He reports that Leuthold von Cromsdorf died in 1527 and his widow Anna, née von Witzleben, died in 1532.
It is said of Johann Theodor de Mortaigne that he broke open coffins and robbed them when his young son was to be buried in the crypt under the church in 1676. A chain weighing 39½ crowns was found. The baron allegedly took this to pay for the repair of the church.
In 1832 the church tower had to be removed because lightning had struck several times. For this purpose, a wooden belfry (bell house) was built on the forecourt. The tower stump a simple shed roof was set with plain tiles covered. As a result, the church disappeared completely behind the castle.
The organ, preserved in poor condition, was restored in 1826. The costs were met from the inheritance that Mrs. Fridericke Prießer bequeathed to the church. However, a new organ was necessary as early as 1862 because the existing one no longer worked. The community board had consulted the organ builder Adalbert Förtsch from Blankenhain. Since the latter declared that they could only remedy the situation temporarily, the community decided to build a new instrument.
The castle chapel is spanned with a wooden barrel , a construction typical of Thuringia. The gallery occupies three sides. Opposite it rose the wooden pulpit from 1713. The pulpit was repainted in 1767 by a foundation. In 1832 it was redecorated. The entablature was probably also renewed.
When the floor was renewed in 1889, the crypts of the castle chapel were examined and the sandstone tombstones with the Kromsdorf coat of arms found, which are now on the left and right of the stage. The crypt was concreted over. Therefore, the underground passage could not be further explored.
As early as 1853 a colorfully glazed window was brought to Eisenach for renovation. The Kromsdorfer waited in vain for the return. The window was installed in the chapel of the Wartburg , which was being rebuilt, later found unsuitable, removed again and stored in the castle's archives.
In 1977, after the regional church gave up the castle chapel, the interior including the organ was expanded and relocated. The organ is privately owned in Berlin-Buch. Research into the whereabouts of the remaining pieces is still ongoing. Furthermore, an altarpiece from around 1520, which was located at the top of the castle wall of the castle chapel, has been in the Thuringian Museum in Eisenach since 1930, but is no longer completely. In the middle shrine Paul and Peter could be seen, in between Mary with the child. The side wings showed figures of saints. These should be set up again soon.
After the immediately adjacent tool factory was demolished in 1997, the partially filled north and east facades were exposed again. The chapel has since been renovated in sections. This restoration came to a preliminary conclusion in 2003.
Bell house
The bell house, which accommodated the bells of the church tower , is a free-standing belfry on the castle forecourt (today: Platz der Demokratie ). It is a half-timbered building that is clad with boards up to parapet height and covered with a pitched roof. Until the First World War, three bells hung in it. However, two bells had to be given in this war, so that now only the youngest bell is left. This bell was the smallest with a diameter of 90 cm. It was cast by Carl Friedrich Ulrich in Apolda in 1827 . It is decorated with tendrils and acanthus frieze , it bears the names of the donors and the foundry as well as the Weimar coat of arms:
God bless and keep Großkromsdorf
. In 1827. Heerdegen Pas =
tor G. Kratz Cantor. Schilling Amts =
schultheiß
Knaut Salzmann court ladder
boy church leader. Cast
v. CF Ulrich jun. In Apolda
Her tone is D. In the church book it is noted for the year 1760:
“On January 28, the newly cast little bell was brought to the church tower and rang for the first time as a rehearsal. It shattered in 1756 and was cast again on July 24, 1759 by Mr. Joh. Georg Ulrich, bell caster at Apolda. "
The following has been handed down about the second bell:
"The second bell had a diameter of 75 cm and was adorned with two friezes, with winged angel heads and the Weimar coat of arms."
It was made by Barthold Rausch in Erfurt in 1696. The bell inscription read:
In the name of God
Barthol poured me . Rausch
In Erfurt in 1696 as H. Joh. Friedr.
Panza Gem. Insp. H. Gerh. Hixenius
Past. H. Roller dir. H. Schuchard
Heimb. v. HA Happe A. f. were.
The tone of this bell was H. The predecessor of this bell burst when it was rung.
The big bell had the inscription:
VGG ... 1. H. z. SC v. H. Ernst
August Constantin H. z. SWE v. J.
STHJG Weber FSOKR
v. GS - STHRW foam =
burg FCO v. A. - HC Köhler
PC In the name of God
Martin Rohse poured me
in Apolda 1750. JG Prieser
CS - JM Langenberg CJ -
HN Eccard A. in Großkromsdorf
The tone of the bell was A. It rang for the first time on October 10, 1750.
Gardener's house
The garden house is at the top of the west wall and next to the remains of the former north wall. An analysis of the wood showed that the garden house was built around 1685. At first the gardener lived there. It was later used as a beehive. In the post-war years it was used as a kindergarten. From 1985 to 1989 it was inhabited by students. There was also a second garden house, which was so destroyed by the French troops in 1806 that it later had to be demolished.
Remise
The coach house , the coach stable, is located east of the castle. Conta had it built in 1907. The building was only used for around seven years. Due to weathering and other external influences, such as armed conflicts, the remise fell into ruin. It was only after the fall of the Wall, from 1991 to 1993, that the remise could be renovated from the ground up and at great expense. The builders were the municipality of Kromsdorf and the district administration of Weimarer Land. The construction costs for this amounted to around 850,000 DM at the time.
The district and mobile library, which was previously located on the ground floor of the palace, has been here since 1993. In 2008, the administrative district decided to cut the funds for this, as Kromsdorf could also use the general mobile library. All books and media were stored. Another use is still pending.
Plans to convert the Remise into a vinotheque to taste the wine grown in Kromsdorf on site were not realized due to the different interests between the municipality and the potential investor Georg Prinz zur Lippe.
Base plate of the Weimar water art
The base plate of the Weimar water art can be seen in the palace gardens. It was found in 2002 during archaeological excavations at the location for the depth magazine of the Duchess Anna Amalia Library . However, the city of Weimar was unable to integrate the plate into the redesign of the Platz der Demokratie, so that in 2004 it was embedded in the ground in the Kromsdorf Palace Park not far from the Remise.
One of the oldest depictions of Weimar water art can be found in the city map from 1569/1570 by J. Wolf. There, in the renaissance garden of the Green Palace, which is probably the Duchess Anna Amalia Library , a free-standing, three-story structure can be seen. Its use after this time has been proven by archaeologists. Among other things, it is said to have served as a bathroom.
literature
sorted by year of publication
- Martha Kuhl-Greif: The world and the village. 4 × 4 × 4 stone heads in the Kromsdorf castle wall. Thuringian Film Office, Kromsdorf 2002
- Anna-Franziska von Schweinitz: Kromsdorf, a 17th century garden in Thuringia. In: The garden art . 4, 2, 1992, pp. 275-288.
- Klaus-Peter Lange, Roland Dreßler: Thuringian mansions on the Ilm. Wartburg-Verlag, Jena 1991, ISBN 3-86160-029-3 .
- Scientific journal. 5th year, volume 5, University of Architecture and Building, Weimar 1957/58.
- Werner Vollrath: The castle complex near Weimar. A piece of the history of the development of the manor over the past 300 years. From: Thuringia's architectural and art monuments. Supplement H, Fischer, Jena 1928.
- The castle at Großkromsdorf. In: Germany. Newspaper, Tag- und Gemeindeblatt. Issue no.115 of April 8, Weimar 1892.
Individual evidence
- ↑ Lange u. Dreßler, p. 48.
- ↑ a b The Kromsdorf Castle. ( Memento from August 18, 2013 in the web archive archive.today ) on the page "Tradition and Customs Maintenance in Thuringia"
- ↑ Vollrath, p. 243.
- ↑ Lange u. Dreßler, p. 65.
- ↑ Lange u. Dreßler, p. 66.
- ↑ a b Germany. See also: Village Chronicle I. p. 6.
- ↑ a b The castle owned by the rulers of Saxony-Weimar. In: The Großkromsdorf Castle.
- ↑ Lange u. Dreßler, p. 60.
- ↑ The castle in the 20th century. In: The Großkromsdorf Castle.
- ↑ Strauss (1989/90)
- ^ Castles and palaces in Thuringia
- ^ Scientific journal. P. 400.
- ↑ ibid, p. 399.
- ↑ The garden art. P. 276.
- ↑ Thuringian Central State Archive Weimar, inventory of Kromsdorf Castle 1729.
- ↑ a b The garden art.
- ^ Scientific journal. P. 398, drawings.
- ↑ www.denkmalschutz.de/denkmal/Schloss-Kromsdorf.html, April 12, 2020
- ↑ Emperor of Morocco returns home to Kromsdorf. ( Memento from September 12, 2012 in the web archive archive.today ) In: Tour de Ost. August 9, 2003.
- ↑ Kuhl-Greif, p. 52.
- ↑ The garden art. P. 284.
- ↑ Vollrath, p. 89.
- ^ Karl Heinrich Friedrich Chlodwig von Reitzenstein: Regesta of the Counts of Orlamuende from Babenberger and Ascan tribe. With family tables, seal images, monuments and coats of arms. Burger, Bayreuth 1871.
- ^ Rudolf Kaufmann: History of my home village. P. 14.
- ↑ a b Scientific Journal. P. 404.
- ^ Church register Kromsdorf, started in 1735.
- ^ Scientific journal .
- ^ Liebstedter Burg: An interview with vintner Georg Prinz zur Lippe. In: Thüringer Allgemeine, February 3, 2011
Web links
- Kromsdorf Castle near castles and palaces
Coordinates: 51 ° 0 ′ 15.5 ″ N , 11 ° 22 ′ 8.5 ″ E