Marloffstein Castle

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Marloffstein Castle (2019)

The Marloffstein Castle is a castle in the same place Marloffstein in Middle Franconia, Erlangen-Höchstadt in Bavaria . It already existed as a castle before 1300. At the end of the 17th century it was splendidly expanded in the baroque style. After losing its function as an official residence in 1792, it fell into disrepair and was reduced to its present form in 1833.

history

In the first millennium of our era, the location of the Nordgau castle complex later belonged to Radenzgau . Around 1007 the area around Marloffstein was added to the newly founded diocese of Bamberg by the later Emperor Heinrich II . The castle at that time probably served to protect the nearby border of the new diocese and was administered as court marque by the bishop's noble servants . As the oldest historical monument of this affiliation, a pillar in today's castle courtyard bears an embedded coat of arms of the Bamberg Monastery with the year 1211. The place was first mentioned in 1288 as a Maurolfstein . The namesake Maurolf , usually a local noble family, is not historically verifiable.

According to a document from 1315, the Lords of Gründlach held the Marloffstein as an episcopal fief " from ancient times " . After this line of nobility died out in the year mentioned, the fief was passed to Count Gottfried von Hohenlohe-Brauneck and his wife Margarete von Gründlach (the sole heir of the Gründlachs). For the management of the site owners or Lehnsnehmer put governors and later bailiffs one whose official residence was the castle Marloffstein. In the beginning, the Marloffsteiner Vögte also held the high level of jurisdiction with the corresponding income (taxes), then in 1341, after the seizure of the episcopal fiefs, this went together with the castle to the Hofmarkt Neunkirchen . The Marloffsteiner Vögte remained at the castle, from where they continued to exercise the lower jurisdiction in the places Marloffstein, Rosenbach and Spardorf and had the right to lower hunting . From this time on, the castle and the associated land served the Bamberg bishop as pledge for loans. The lenders were enfeoffed with the castle and the associated land and at the same time named as episcopal bailiffs and from 1655 as senior bailiffs. From 1792, however, the Marloffstein Oberamt was no longer governed from the castle, but from Bamberg, and after 1798 it was finally incorporated into the Neunkirchen district court. In 1806, in the course of secularization , the castle and the associated land went to the Bavarian state and soon into civil hands.

While the castle survived the Peasants' War in 1525 undamaged, it was burned down in the Second Margrave War in 1552 and only restored in 1570. It also suffered severe damage in the Thirty Years' War .

Marloffstein Castle after a watercolor before 1833

From 1691 to 1695, the von Stauffenberg family owned a new building in baroque style on the remains of the medieval complex.

In 1833 a large part of the ring-shaped, almost closed castle complex, which was surrounded by a kennel and a wide walled moat, was demolished. It had deteriorated too much. The castle lost the octagonal entrance tower with its French dome, the adjoining northern part of the west wing up to the castle chapel and the upper floor of the rest of the castle. The palace was reduced to its current form and received a flat sloping roof with a triangular gable and a massive balcony on the south side. The Bavarian original cadastre shows Marloffstein Castle in the 1810s with the semicircular north wing and an atrium courtyard .

The castle restaurant had been the ex-pub of the Erlangen fraternity of Frankonia since 1885 . In 1932 the property was again damaged by fire and then renovated again.

Owners, tenants and administrators and their structural measures (incomplete)

Maintaining a castle or chateau is very expensive. The structural condition in the respective period is usually determined by the following factors:

  1. the economic circumstances of your owner and owner,
  2. the necessary military function to ensure external and internal security and
  3. the desired representative function as the seat of the local area administration and regulatory authority.

This can also be seen in the historical development of Marloffstein Castle.

  • 1007 property of the bishopric of Bamberg
    • In 1310 a Maroschalk von Marolfstein was mentioned, probably not a noble name but the reigning bailiff
  • 1315 the episcopal feud passed by Wulfing of Stubenberg by the Lords of Gründlach to Count Gottfried von Hohenlohe-Brauneck over
    • In 1328 Leupold Strobel was employed as Vogt and was replaced by Heinrich Strobel in the same year. The Strobels were a knight family in Uttenreuth.
    • In 1338 Konrad Strobel followed as bailiff
  • In 1341 the bishopric of Bamberg withdrew the fiefdom from the Hohenlohe-Brauneck for a transfer fee and moved the high court from Marloffstein to Neunkirchen.
    The two-storey chapel in the castle was already mentioned in that year.
  • In 1360 the episcopal castle fiefdom passed from the brothers Konrad and Eberhard Wiesenthau to the then Vogt Heinrich Strobel, but only for his period of service
  • In 1382 a Leupold Strobel was appointed Vogt
  • In 1383 Marloffstein is the property of King Wenceslaus . He grants the Bamberg Bishop Lamprecht von Brunn and his authorized representative Konrad Ziegel a guarantee of use on Marloffstein.
    • In 1396 Heinz Strobel was Vogt. He died in 1399, his widow was mentioned in a document.
    • 1400 sat on Marloffstein no Vogt, but the bishop's bailiff Herdegen Valtzner and invested in the maintenance of the castle.
    • In 1418 he was followed by the bailiff Hans Valtzner of Nuremberg. He also invests in the now very dilapidated and dilapidated castle.
  • 1422 Heinz Scholl was from Bamberg Bishop Friedrich III. von Aufseß enfeoffed with Marloff stone
  • In 1450, in the war reports of Erhard Schürstab from Nuremberg , the castle was named " zum Marolfstein".
  • In 1454 Ludwig Haller, then his cousin Peter Haller and then his son Ludwig Haller, are enfeoffed with the castle.
  • In 1474, Bishop Georg I von Schaumberg appointed Paul Toppler as bailiff, in 1475 Alerius Haller became his bailiff.
  • In 1522 the castle was cremated by margrave troops but was soon rebuilt
  • In 1525 the castle was attacked in the Peasants' War , but successfully by the then bailiff Sigmund III. Pfinzing (1479–1554) defended. He held the castle as a deposit.
  • 1516–1544 was Sigmund Pfinzing sen. Bailiff and held the castle as pledge
  • In 1552, during the Second Margrave War , the castle was plundered and burned out by Margrave Albrecht II Alcibiades , and the then bailiff Albrecht Pfinzing was captured. The Bishop Weigand von Redwitz transferred it to the Margrave, but received it back in 1553, after the defeat of Albrecht II in the battle of Sievershausen .
  • In 1570/71 the son of the previous bailiff, Sigmund V. Pfinzing (1513–1588), rebuilt the castle.

Marloffstein Castle becomes the official seat for the offices of Marloffstein and Neunkirchen / Schellenberg

  • In 1577 Wilhelm I von Wiesenthau was bailiff at Hundshaupten in Wolfsberg, Neunkirch and Marloffstein. Neunkirchen was administered by its Vogt Martin Reinfelder.
  • In 1585 the Bamberg captain Christoph von Brandenstein appears.
  • 1591 was Christoph II. Von Brandenstein, on Zell, bailiff of Neunkirchen and Marloffstein.
  • In 1613 Friedrich Wilhelm von Guttenberg was bailiff for Marloffstein and Neunkirchen
  • In 1630 Jakob Siegmund von Schaumberg followed him as bailiff for Marloffstein and Neunkirchen
  • In 1638 Philip II of Pappenheim became a bailiff. His bailiff was Hans Bernreuther.
  • In 1647 Gottfried Wilhelm von Guttenberg succeeded Steinhaus, Leutzenhof and Reichels as bailiff for Goßtweinstein, Neunkirchen and Marloffstein.

After the Thirty Years War , senior officials come

From 1655 the Bamberg bishop appointed senior officials for the joint administration of Marloffstein and Neunkirchen. Their powers were comparable to today's district administrator. The official seat was still Marloffstein Castle, which had to be maintained as a fief by the incumbents.

His successors (Friedrich Christoph von Rotenhan in 1792 and Lepold Christoph von Buseck in 1798) took care of the Oberamt from Bamberg and finally dissolved the Oberamt Marloffstein in 1803 in order to incorporate it into the Neunkirchen district court. Due to the loss of the administrative headquarters, the means to maintain the castle were lacking.

The castle in bourgeois hands

  • In 1806, in the course of secularization in the Napoleonic era , the castle became the property of the Kingdom of Bavaria and was auctioned by the court actuary Samuel Heßlein in Bamberg, Michael Alexander Lips from Erlangen and Franz Kröter.
  • In 1808, when Marloffstein was assigned to the Graefenberg district court, Lips was already the sole owner. He set up an agricultural academy in the castle, but government support and ultimately success failed.
  • St. James Church
    1812/1813: Since the Marloffsteiner had the right to use the castle chapel mentioned in 1341, but Lips wanted to use the rooms for a brewery (the castle also had the right to brew ), he built the nearby St. Jakobus chapel, which was also the previous Rococo Equipment took over. However, the castle owner still had to carry the construction load on the new building.
  • Until 1833, when the castle was falling into disrepair, Lips had a large part of the castle demolished. The palace was reduced to its current form.
  • Count August Pestalozza took over the castle from Lips' heirs and then the innkeeper Konrad Singer.
  • Finally, the Erlangen cut goods dealer Mendlein bought it and sold the associated land. The castle fell into disrepair, however, as there was no buyer for it.
  • In 1883 Friedrich Aichinger (master carpenter) from Marloffstein and his wife Katharine nee bought Rupprecht the castle and opened an inn there. They had leased it from Mendlein since 1880.
    • In 1885 it became the ex-pub of the Erlangern fraternity of Frankonia.
    • In 1932 the roof structure of the castle, which had been renewed two years earlier, burned down and had to be rebuilt.
  • 2015 Jürgen Friedsam

future

After the death of a co-owner, the entire property was sold in the mid-2010s and the restaurant business was also discontinued in 2017. Plans from 2015 to build a refugee shelter there were not implemented. In 2018, renovation work began to preserve the listed building fabric. The plan is to expand it into a care and senior citizens' home for 55 inmates and an adjoining open café.

Web links

Commons : Marloffstein Castle  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  • Source: Heinrich Wilhelm: Marloffstein Castle. A contribution to Franconian history . Self-published by the old gentlemen's association of the former Frankonia fraternity in Erlangen, 1938
  1. ^ Page 4, source cited: Fronmüller and Lehner, Nürnbergs Umgebung, p. 164
  2. ↑ page 9
  3. ↑ page 10, cited source: Erlangern Heimatblatt, Dr. Rühl
  4. ↑ a b c page 11
  • Further evidence
  1. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac Heinrich Wilhelm: Marloffstein Castle. A contribution to Franconian history. Self-published by the old gentlemen's association of the former Frankonia fraternity in Erlangen, 1938
  2. ↑ a b c d e Bertold Freiherr von Haller: Article Marloffstein in the Erlanger Stadtlexikon [1]
  3. ↑ Marloffstein Castle on BayernAtlas Klassik
  4. ↑ a b Entry on Marloffstein Castle in the private database "Alle Burgen". Retrieved December 5, 2018.
  5. ↑ a b General Encyclopedia of Sciences and Arts, 3rd Section OZ, FA Brockhaus, 1844, p. 436 on books.google.de
  6. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Franz Wenceslaus Goldwitzer (Kaplan): History of the market in Neunkirchen am Brand and the former monastery: with consideration for the parish there; together with a topography; in three compartments; with two and thirty supplements as an attempt at a local story , Erlangen, 1814 on books.google.de
  7. ^ German biography: Lips, Michael Alexander - German biography. Retrieved October 26, 2018 .
  8. ↑ a b press report Nordbayern.de from 2018
  9. ↑ Press report Nordbayern.de from 2017
  10. ↑ LfD list for Marloffstein (.pdf)

Coordinates: 49 ° 36 '59.2 "  N , 11 ° 3' 50.2"  E