Rödelheim Castle

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The Rödelheimer Schloss (also Rödelheim Castle , Reichsburg Rödelheim, Rödelheim Castle, Solms Castle ) was initially a medieval castle in Frankfurt - Rödelheim , in the area of ​​which the Counts of Solms-Rödelheim later had a castle built. Today, the complex has almost completely disappeared and its history can only be explored through archival sources and old views.

View of the medieval castle by Sebald Fyoll 1446.
View of the medieval parts of Rödelheim Castle, watercolor by Carl Theodor Reiffenstein, probably based on an older model.

history

Medieval castle

South of the Rödelheim town center, there was a moated castle on an island of the Nidda and the Mühlgraben in the Middle Ages . It is first mentioned as castrum 1276. Since the place is mentioned for the first time in 788 as Radilenheim , and a ministerial family Keppler von Rödelheim appears in a document as early as 1248, the complex is likely to be older than its first mention, it is assumed that it was built around 1150. The mention of the last Count of Nürings as comes Gerhardus de suggests this Redelenheim in a Mainz certificate.

The Keppler von Rödelheim family must have died out soon afterwards. In 1305 King Albrecht gave some Rödelheim fiefs to Ulrich von Hanau , as they had become single through the deaths of von Godeloch and Capeler von Rödelheim. They were succeeded by the Knights of Praunheim , who came from the neighboring village . They are already mentioned as Ganerbe in the document from 1276 , in which two parts of the castle were handed over to King Rudolf von Habsburg . The presumably closely related knights von Preungesheim , von Sachsenhausen and the rascals von Bergen are named as further partners . These too gradually handed over their shares to the king and received them back as a fief or were compensated with castle fiefs from the Burggrafschaft Friedberg in the Reichsburg Friedberg .

The Rödelheimer Burg had thus become an imperial castle . The development could not be indifferent to the imperial city of Frankfurt am Main , since the castle, as in the Kronberg feud in 1389, could serve the knights from the Vordertaunus as a meeting place for raids on Frankfurt area. Therefore, in 1404 she bought the right to open , and in 1441 she bought additional shares. Another share was inherited by the Lords of Kronberg at that time . A truce has come down to us from the following year. However, a few years later there was a dispute. Frank XII. von Kronberg had his part of the castle replaced by a heavily fortified new building in 1446 due to alleged dilapidation. The city objected to this because the construction violated the privilege of Emperor Ludwig of Bavaria , who forbade the construction of new castles within five miles of the city. The cancellation order of Emperor Friedrich III. the Kronbergers initially ignored until they were threatened with the withdrawal of all imperial fiefs. In a settlement, Frankfurt received the opening rights and 1/10 of the new building against payment of 1,000  florins.

Due to the incident in 1446, the city had a drawing of the castle made by Sebald Fyoll , which is one of the few sources about the appearance of the medieval complex.

Castle of the Counts of Solms-Rödelheim

Model of the Rödelheim Castle.
Creation of the castle or palace

After Frank von Kronberg's death, the Kronberg share went to the Counts of Solms . They, too, occasionally came into conflict with the city of Frankfurt, for example when they tried to acquire a share in the old castle in 1503, whereupon the city council demanded a share in the purchase. The older parts of the castle fell into disrepair during this time. In 1569 a final settlement was reached when the Counts of Solms exchanged the Frankfurt share in Rödelheim for three quarters of the village of Niederrad . Thus the Counts of Solms were in sole possession. A line that still exists today was named after the place Solms-Rödelheim , which was founded at the beginning of the 17th century and temporarily resided in Rödelheim Castle (today in Assenheim Castle ). In 1806 the county was mediatized.

Most of the late medieval parts were demolished in 1802 and replaced by a neo-classical new building that included some older components, including two corner towers. This castle building was very badly damaged in the air raids in 1944 , the last remains removed in 1955. In today's park, apart from a model, no original remains of the former palace complex can be seen. In 2008 the local history association had the foundation walls made visible again and a bronze model made.

literature

  • Reinhold Budenz: Rödelheim: From the history of a Frankfurt district. Published by Frankfurter Sparkasse from 1822, Frankfurt 1979, pp. 14-22.
  • Rudolf Knappe: Medieval castles in Hessen. 800 castles, castle ruins and fortifications. 3. Edition. Wartberg-Verlag, Gudensberg-Gleichen 2000, ISBN 3-86134-228-6 , p. 403.
  • Siegfried Nassauer: Castles and fortified manors around Frankfurt a. M. History and legend. Goldstein, Frankfurt 1917, pp. 154-177.
  • Heinz Schomann, Volker Rödel, Heike Kaiser: Cultural monuments in Hesse. Town Frankfurt am Main. Published by the State Office for Monument Preservation Hessen and the City of Frankfurt am Main, 2nd edition 1994, ISBN 3-7973-0576-1 , p. 713. ( Monument topography of the Federal Republic of Germany ; materials on monument protection in Frankfurt am Main 1 ).

Web links

Commons : Burg Rödelheim  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Johann Friedrich Böhmer (Ed.): Codex diplomaticus Moenofrancofurtanus. Document book of the Imperial City of Frankfurt, Volume 1: 794-1314. Frankfurt 1901 pp. 177-178 No. 365.
  2. ↑ Glöckner, Karl, Codex Laureshamensis: 3rd volume Kopialbuch, Part II: The other Franconian and Swabian Gaue property lists, late donations and interest lists, general register , Darmstadt 1936, p. 126; No. 3384 (Reg. 2064),
    "In Radilenheim"
    under Abbot Ridibod and King Karl In the name of God I, Walther, convey a gift to the holy martyr N (azarius) for the salvation of Gisla's soul, whose body rests in the Lorsch monastery, which is directed by the venerable Abbot Richbodo. According to my will, the donation is intended to last forever and, as I certify, was made entirely voluntarily. In pago Nitachgowe (Niddagau), in the village of Radilenheim, I am giving a church, a manor, two Huben and six serfs. Certificate of production below. Happened in the Lorsch monastery on September 21st in the 20th year (788) of King Karl.
  3. ↑ Knappe, p. 403.
  4. ↑ Peter Acht (arrangement): Mainzer Urkundenbuch. Second volume. The documents from the death of Archbishop Adalbert I (1137) to the death of Archbishop Konrad (1200). Part 1 1137-1175. Darmstadt 1968, No. 191; see Angela Metzner: Reichslandpolitik, aristocracy and castles - investigations into the Wetterau in the Staufer period. Büdingen 2008/2009, ISBN 978-3-00-026770-3 , p. 143.
  5. ↑ Nassauer p. 158; Heinrich Reimer : Hessian document book. Section 2, document book on the history of the Lords of Hanau and the former province of Hanau. Vol. 2, 1301-1349. Publications from the royal Prussian state archives, Hirzel, Leipzig 1892, p. 63f. No. 55.
  6. ↑ Heinz F. Friederichs: On the early history of the ministerial families of Bergen and Schelm von Bergen. Hanauer Geschichtsblätter 18, 1962, p. 47.
  7. ↑ [1] [2] .

Coordinates: 50 ° 7 ′ 18.7 ″  N , 8 ° 36 ′ 44.6 ″  E