Bornburg

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Bornburg
Bornburg around 1826

Bornburg around 1826

Alternative name (s): Ossenau , Glauburger Hof , Günthersburg
19th century: Günthersburgpalais
Creation time : Probably 10th century, Urk. 1189/94,
palace: 19th century
Castle type : Niederungsburg, moated castle, fortified courtyard,
19th century: Palais
Conservation status: departed
Standing position : Lower nobility, patrician
Place: Frankfurt-Bornheim
Geographical location 50 ° 7 '48.5 "  N , 8 ° 42' 18"  E Coordinates: 50 ° 7 '48.5 "  N , 8 ° 42' 18"  E
Height: 131  m above sea level NN
Bornburg (districts of Frankfurt am Main)
Bornburg
Excerpt from the siege plan of the city of Frankfurt am Main according to Conrad Faber von Creuznach from 1552 : from right. to left the fortified courtyards and parts of the Frankfurter Landwehr: the Glauburger Hoff , the Friedberger Wart , the Stalburger Oed , the Kühhornshof (here Rorbacher Hoff ), the Holzhauser Oed
Günthersburg, etching from 1855 by Carl Theodor Reiffenstein , based on older motifs (the castle was finally demolished in 1840)
Günthersburg by the same artist from a different point of view: moat and defensive wall with loopholes clearly visible here

The former Bornburg , later named Glauburger Hof or Günthersburg after its owners , is an abandoned early medieval moated castle near Bornheim , now a district of Frankfurt am Main in Hesse . After the demolition in the 19th century, the Günthersburg Palace was built in almost the same place , which was also demolished in 1891.

location

The Bornburg was a fortified estate with a castle-like building ( permanent house ), which was surrounded by a moat and partly with a defensive wall. In Ossenau (Ochsenau), as the area of ​​today 's Günthersburgpark was called in the Middle Ages , the Bornburg stood roughly on the place where the church of grace and former orangery of the Rothschilds is today. Demolished in the middle of the first half of the 19th century, the Rothschild Günthersburg Palace was built near its place, which after the death of Carl Mayer von Rothschild passed to the city with the site and was then demolished by will.

history

Bornburg

In the area west of the Bornburg, around 110 on what was then Roman territory, there was a manor, a villa rustica . After the fall of the Limes and the occupation of the area by Alemanni and later Franks , Bornheim did not appear again in history until around 793, when royal farmsteads were built in the area of ​​the north end , which in the Middle Ages were then in the hands of Frankfurt patricians .

The first evidence of the fortified estate or a moated castle is made in 1194 with Henricus von Bornheim (or Henricus de Burnheim / Henricus de Borneheim ), who lives in the Bornburg.

From 1306 the castle was owned by the later (from 1327) Frankfurter Reichsschultheißen Rulmann Weiß von Limburg, who also kept his residence outside the city after taking office in 1327 and lived in the Bornburg. In 1396 Junge Wisse is named as the owner of the Bornburg. He granted the imperial city of Frankfurt the right to open and the right of first refusal , whether or not he even confirmed both after the change of ownership is not clear, but the following owners of the farm were now obliged to grant the same rights.

In the years 1474 or 1475, the rascals from Bergen sold their imperial fief to Bornheim to the city of Frankfurt. Bornheim becomes a Frankfurt village. When in 1481 a treaty that was painful for the city of Frankfurt - and was only confirmed by the emperor in 1484 - ended the dispute between the imperial city of Frankfurt and the bailiffs of the Wetterau, who had been raised to counts in 1429, over the imperial county of Bornheimer Berg , Count Philipp von Hanau 16, Frankfurt only three villages in the area. Hanau gets Nied , Griesheim , Bockenheim , Ginnheim , Eschersheim , Eckenheim , Preungesheim , Berkersheim , Massenheim , Vilbel , Gronau , Seckbach , Bergen and Enkheim , Fechenheim and Bischofsheim and now determines Bergen as the seat of the blood court , while the city only has Oberrad , Hausen and Bornheim, the previous place of jurisdiction, can finally take possession.

Glauburg court

After the property was acquired at the end of the 15th century (the exact date is not known), the Bornburg in Glauburger Hof was named after its owner Johann von Glauburg zu Lichtenstein , father of Johann von Glauburg , around 1490 . Both were well-known personalities of the Frankfurt patrician family and part of the Alten Limpurg patrician society .

The court was fortified and integrated into the Frankfurter Landwehr , because it went up in flames during the siege of Frankfurt by the Protestant Prince League under Albrecht Alcibiades, Margrave of Brandenburg-Kulmbach, like the fortified Holzhausen-Oede , the Kühhornshof , the Stalburg-Oede and other courts and the entire north end of Frankfurt was devastated.

Günthersburg

  • Günthersburg is a continuation of this article. See also Güntersburg , Saxony-Anhalt.

After 1690 the Bornburg was renamed Günthersburg after Johann Jakob Günther , who had risen from innkeeper to rich businessman through speculation and profitable deals with the warring powers of that time , bought the castle and grounds for 5,700  guilders from the patrician Johann Christian Banz von Eyßeneck . Almost thirty years later it is over again. His business partners, mostly aristocratic, took advantage of him this time and he died in 1722, very poor and deeply in debt. His creditors sell the 105  acre site. Konstantin von Buttlar , prince abbot of the Fulda monastery, wants to buy it first, but the city council of Frankfurt refuses to approve it. So it was not until 1766 that the farm and estate went to the building speculator Johann Georg Petsch ; only ten years later it was sold to a general's wife. During the Wars of Liberation it became a hospital for the Prussian wounded and in 1837 the councilor Johann Adam Beil sold the castle and all of the lands to Baron Carl Mayer von Rothschild .

Building description

According to figurative sources from the 19th century, it was a multi-storey permanent house with a wide moat and two entrances secured by drawbridges . The house had a half-hipped roof and on one of the elongated sides of the roof a wide, projecting rectangular recess (or bay window) was built over almost the entire height of the house. On the same side, at a corner of the house, there was also a free-standing tower of about the same height , which, after the probably only partial reconstruction in the 16th century, was later given a baroque dome with a small belfry above it . A defensive wall with loopholes was built in front of at least one side of one of the two entrances , as can be seen in old pictures. In the first half of the 19th century (1827 and 1840) the farm was finally demolished. There are no more remains of the castle. However, part of the entrance portal to the moated castle is still at the park. Some etchings and steel engravings from the beginning of the 19th century have survived.

Rothschild´s Günthersburgpalais

The Rothschild Günthersburg Palace around 1855

Just as his brother Amschel Mayer von Rothschild bought an originally Stalburgsches estate in the north-west that was originally Stalburgsches in comparison with today's park and was only called "Zurgrün Burg" at the end of the 18th century, Carl Mayer von Rothschild bought it after its owner in the 17th century. Century Günthersburg, previously called Bornburg, once Glauburg property in the north of the city. Both brothers want to turn the estates into English gardens . The Rothschilds had the estate demolished in the first half of the 19th century (1820 and 1847). The area around the former castle was redesigned between 1837 and 1839 by the Frankfurt city gardener Sebastian Rinz into an English landscape garden with large lawns and groups of trees on behalf of the Rothschilds .

The son of Carl Mayer Mayer Carl von Rothschild , who inherited the site from his father in 1845, had the new Günthersburg Palace , also known as Villa Günthersburg , built on a prominent location around 1855 . The architect of the Palais , a large classicist mansion , was Friedrich Rumpf , who had previously designed a Rothschild palace in what was later to be known as Frankfurt's Rothschild Park. The orangery on the site of the former castle and a tea house near the palace complete the complex.

Mayer Carl von Rothschild, the last representative of the banking family to reside in Frankfurt, died in 1886 without leaving any descendants. In his will he bequeathed the site to the city of Frankfurt on condition that it be made accessible to the public as a park, but that the palace be demolished. Mayer Carl von Rothschild must have been unbearable at the thought of strangers walking around his villa.

In 1891 the city of Frankfurt, true to the will , acquires Rothschild’s castle and Günthersburg grounds with a total of 29 hectares. As required in the will, the palace will be demolished. The garden architect Andreas Weber redesigned the park. The tea house was destroyed by bomb hits during World War II . The Rothschild Orangerie received in World War II when air attacks on Frankfurt While heavy damage, but was restored after the war and served from 1950 under the name of "Grace Church of the Reformed Church" as a place of worship .

Günthersburgpark

In 1892, just one year after the city bought it, Günthersburgpark was opened to the general public and was the first public park in Frankfurt to be accessible to everyone.

In 1915, ten years after his death, Constantin Meunier's sculpture The Sower was installed at the southern entrance of Günthersburg Park. The bronze sculpture, bought by the city of Frankfurt in 1906, was created by the artist in 1890. It is a foundation of the entrepreneur and then head of the Cassella works , Leo Gans .

Around the same time, the sculpture of a bull followed, a larger-than-life sculpture made of embossed copper sheet by the Emmendingen painter Fritz Boehle , named Striding Bull, which has been in the park's public space ever since.

  • West facade of the former orangery / Gnadenkirche from 1855 on the site of the former Bornburg

  • Constantin Meunier's sculpture The Sower in the park in spring 2010

  • Fritz Boehle's sculpture Striding Bull in the spring of 2005 in the city park

Todays use

Today the area is the Günthersburgpark . After the former orangery / Grace Church was no longer needed, is the founder -Ehepaar Karl and Else Seifried, the with a donation of € 400,000, the building Kinderschutzbund given that uses the premises since of 2004.

literature

  • Siegfried Nassauer: Castles and fortified manors around Frankfurt aM: their history and wars , Verlag der Goldsteinschen Buchhandlung, Frankfurt am Main 1916, 367 pages; P. 182
  • Hans Pehl: When they once protected the city - Frankfurt's fortified manors. Verlag Josef Knecht, Frankfurt 1978. ISBN 3-7820-0411-6 , therein p. 84 f: Die Günthersburg
  • Rudolf Knappe: Medieval castles in Hessen. 800 castles, castle ruins and fortifications. 3. Edition. Wartberg publishing house. Gudensberg-Gleichen 2000, ISBN 3-86134-228-6 . P. 398

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Frank Blecken: Historical parks in Frankfurt am Main - Günthersburgpark. , Pp. 88-89; In: Tom Koenigs (Ed.): Stadt-Parks - Urbane Natur in Frankfurt am Main , Campus Verlag, Frankfurt / New York 1993, ISBN 3-593-34901-9
  2. ↑ Ed .: Dietwulf Baatz, Fritz-Rudolf Herrmann: Die Römer in Hessen, Stuttgart, Theiss 1982, ISBN 3-8062-0267-2 . Pp. 297-298
  3. ↑ cf. also the entry with the Frankfurt patrician Hartrad family
  4. ↑ → Main article : Grüneburgpark
  5. ^ Art in public space Frankfurt of the Cultural Office of the City of Frankfurt, Department of Fine Arts (accessed on September 3, 2010)
  6. ↑ It comes from a design by Boehle from 1910
  7. ↑ St. Josef Church Bornheim: District History, Part I (accessed on January 25, 2013)