Millet
Millet | ||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Green millet ( Setaria viridis ) |
||||||||||||
Systematics | ||||||||||||
|
||||||||||||
Scientific name | ||||||||||||
Setaria | ||||||||||||
P.Beauv. |
The plant genus of the bristle millet ( Setaria ) belongs to the subfamily Panicoideae within the sweet grass family (Poaceae). They are widespread from the temperate areas through the subtropics to the tropics and on cultivated land or on ruderal areas .
description
Vegetative characteristics
Bristle millet species are annual or perennial herbaceous plants . The stalks have nodes ( Nodien ).
The leaves are divided into leaf sheath and leaf blade. Their leaf sheaths are open, glabrous and hairy at most above and on the edges. The ligules form a dense ring of hair with a membranous base.
Generative characteristics
The spike-shaped, panicle inflorescence is dense or spread out. The long bristles at the base of the spikelets correspond to reduced panicle branches. The long bristle hairs are covered with bristle hairs pointing forwards or backwards and stop after the spikelet falls off. The spikelets are elliptical, domed on one side and two-flowered. The lower flower is male or sterile , the upper hermaphrodite . The lower glume is three-veined and up to half as long as the spikelet. The upper glume is five to seven-veined and half to as long as the spikelet. The lemma of the lower flower is as long as the spikelet, that of the upper flower as long as the spikelet or a little shorter, five-veined, boat-shaped, indurated, smooth or wrinkled and with its side surfaces surrounding the palea . The palea is two-veined, hardened, smooth or wrinkled. There are three stamens .
The fruit is almost as long as the flower and is enclosed by the hardened cover and palea.
Systematics and distribution
The genus Setaria was established in 1812 by Ambroise Marie François Joseph Palisot de Beauvois . Synonyms for Setaria P.Beauv. nom. cons. are: Acrochaete Peter non Pringsheim , Camusiella Bosser , Chaetochloa Scribn. , Cymbosetaria Schweick. , Tansaniochloa Rauschert .
The genus Setaria belongs to the tribe Paniceae in the subfamily Panicoideae within the family Poaceae .
The genus Setaria is distributed almost worldwide from the temperate regions to the subtropics and the tropics . Four to nine species occur in Europe , four to eight in Germany , 43 in Africa , 18 in temperate Asia , 16 in tropical Asia, 16 in Australasia , nine on Pacific islands , 27 in North America and in South America 48 species before. Some Setaria species thrive on cultivated land or on ruderal areas in many areas of the world.
The genus Setaria includes 100 to 180 species:
- Setaria acromelaena (Hochst.) T.Durand & Schinz : It occurs from northeastern and eastern tropical Africa to the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
- Setaria albovillosa (STBlake) RDWebster : It occurs in eastern Australia.
- Setaria alonsoi Pensiero & AMAnton : It occurs in Argentina.
- Setaria ankarensis (A.Camus) ined .: It occurs in Madagascar.
- Setaria apiculata (Scribn. & Merr.) K.Schum. : It occurs in northern and northeastern Australia.
- Setaria appendiculata (Hack.) Stapf : It occurs in Ethiopia to Tanzania, Angola to South Africa.
- Setaria arizonica Rominger : It occurs from southern Arizona to northwestern Mexico.
- Setaria atrata Hack. ex Engl .: It occurs from Ethiopia to southern tropical Africa.
- Setaria australiensis (Scribn. & Merr.) Vickery : It occurs in the Australian states of Queensland and northeastern New South Wales.
- Setaria austrocaledonica (Balansa) A. Camus : It occurs only in New Caledonia.
- Setaria aversa (Vickery) RDWebster : Eastern and Southeastern Australia.
- Setaria barbata (Lam.) Kunth : Tropics and Subtropics of the Old World.
- Setaria barbinodis R.AW Herrm. : Bolivia.
- Setaria basiclada (Hughes) RDWebster : Australia.
- Setaria bathiei A. Camus : Madagascar.
- Setaria bosseri A. Camus : Madagascar.
- Setaria brigalow R.D.Webster : Queensland to northern New South Wales.
- Setaria brownii Desv. : Australia.
- Setaria carinata S.Nozawa & Pensiero : Northern Venezuela.
- Setaria cernua Kunth : Ecuador.
- Setaria chapmanii (Vasey) Pilg. : Florida, southeastern Mexico, the Caribbean.
- Setaria chondrachne (Steud.) Honda : South China, South Korea, Japan.
- Setaria clementii (Domin) RDWebster : Australia.
- Setaria clivalis (Ridl.) Veldkamp : Malesia.
- Setaria constricta (Domin) RDWebster : Australia.
- Setaria cordobensis R.AW Herrm. : Northern Argentina.
- Setaria corrugata (Elliott) Schult. : Southeastern USA to Texas, Cuba to Hispaniola.
- Setaria criniformis (STBlake) RDWebster : Eastern Australia.
- Setaria desertorum (A.Rich.) Morrone : northeastern tropical Africa to Kenya, Arabian Peninsula.
- Setaria dielsii R.AW Herrm. : Lesser Sunda Islands to Australia.
- Setaria distans (Trin.) Veldkamp : Ogasawara Islands to northern and eastern Australia.
- Setaria distantiflora (A.Rich.) Pilg. : Caribbean.
- Setaria elegantula (Mez) Morat : New Caledonia, northern and northeastern Queensland.
- Faber's millet ( Setaria faberi R.AW Herrm. ): It comes from western Siberia, from Russia's Far East to China and from temperate East Asia and is a neophyte in Europe and North America, for example .
- Setaria fiebrigii R.AWHerrm. : Bolivia to southern Brazil and northeastern Argentina.
- Setaria finita Launert : Namibia.
- Setaria flavida (Retz.) Veldkamp : Arabian Peninsula to tropical Asia and eastern Australia, islands in the western Indian Ocean.
- Setaria forbesiana (Nees ex Steud.) Hook. f. : Indian subcontinent to southern and central China.
- Setaria gausa (STBlake) RDWebster : Northern and Eastern Queensland to northeastern New South Wales.
- Setaria geminata (Forssk.) Veldkamp : It is widespread in two varieties in the tropics and subtropics.
- Setaria globoidea (Domin) RDWebster : Queensland to New South Wales.
- Setaria globulifera (Steud.) Griseb. : Southeastern and southern Brazil to northeastern Argentina.
- Setaria gracillima Hook. f. : It occurs only in Sri Lanka.
- Setaria grandis Stapf : Malawi.
- Setaria grandispiculata (BKSimon) RDWebster : Southeast Queensland to northeast New South Wales.
- Setaria grisebachii E. Fourn. : Oklahoma to Belize, Colombia to Ecuador, Galapagos Islands.
- Setaria guizhouensis S.L.Chen & GYSheng : Guizhou and Yunnan.
- Setaria hassleri Hack. : It occurs in Venezuela, Brazil and northern Argentina.
- Setaria homonyma (Steud.) Chiov.
- Setaria humbertiana A. Camus
- Setaria hunzikeri Anton
- Setaria incrassata (Hochst.) Hack.
- Setaria intermedia Roem. & Schult.
- Millet ( Setaria italica (L.) P.Beauv. ): It is only known from culture.
- Setaria jaffrei Morat
- Setaria kagerensis Mez
- Setaria lachnea (Nees) Kunth
- Setaria latifolia (Scribn.) RAW Herrm.
- Setaria leucopila (Scribn. & Merr.) K.Schum.
- Setaria liebmannii E. Fourn.
- Setaria limensis Tovar
- Setaria lindenbergiana (Nees) Stapf
- Setaria longipila E. Fourn.
- Setaria longiseta P.Beauv.
- Setaria macrosperma (Scribn. & Merr.) K.Schum.
- Setaria macrostachya Kunth : It is widespread from the USA to Mexico.
- Setaria madecassa A. Camus
- Setaria magna Griseb.
- Setaria megaphylla (Steud.) T Durand & Schinz
- Setaria mendocina Phil.
- Setaria mildbraedii C.E. Hubb.
- Setaria montana shipowner
- Setaria nicorae Pensiero
- Setaria nigrirostris (Nees) T. Durand & Schinz
- Setaria oblongata (Griseb.) Parodi
- Setaria obscura de Wit
- Setaria oplismenoides R.AWHerrm.
- Setaria orthosticha K. Schum. ex RAW Mr.
- Setaria palmeri Henrard
- Palm-leaved millet ( Setaria palmifolia (J.Koenig) Stapf ): It is widespread in tropical Asia.
- Setaria pampeana Parodi ex Nicora
- Setaria paraguayensis Pensiero
- Setaria parodii Nicora
- Setaria parviflora (Poir.) M.Kerguelen
- Setaria paspalidioides Vickery
- Setaria paucifolia (Morong) Lindm.
- Setaria perrieri A. Camus
- Setaria petiolata Stapf & CEHubb.
- Setaria Pflanzii Pensiero
- Setaria plicata (Lam.) T. Cooke
- Setaria poiretiana (Schult.) Kunth : It is widespread from Mexico through Central America to tropical South America.
- Setaria pseudaristata (Peter) Pilg.
- Red millet or fox-red millet ( Setaria pumila (Poir.) Roem. & Schult. ): It is widespread in Eurasia and North Africa and is a neophyte in the New World, South Africa and Australia.
- Setaria queenslandica Domin
- Setaria restioidea (Franch.) Stapf
- Setaria rigida Stapf
- Setaria roemeri Jansen
- Setaria rosengurttii Nicora
- Setaria sagittifolia (A.Rich.) Walp.
- Setaria scabrifolia (Nees) Kunth
- Setaria scandens Schrad.
- Setaria scheelei (Steud.) Hitchc.
- Setaria scottii (Hack.) A. Camus
- Setaria seriata Stapf
- Setaria setosa (Sw.) P.Beauv.
- Setaria speciosa (A.Braun) Kuhlm.
- Setaria sphacelata (Schumach.) Stapf & CEHubb. ex Moss : It occurs in Africa and Australia.
- Setaria stolonifera Boldrini
- Setaria submacrostachya Luces
- Setaria sulcata Raddi
- Setaria surgens Stapf
- Setaria tenacissima Schrad.
- Setaria tenax (Rich.) Desv.
- Setaria texana Emery
- Setaria vaginata Spreng.
- Setaria vatkeana K. Schum.
- Whorled millet ( Setaria verticillata (L.) P.Beauv. , Syn .: Setaria adhaerens (Forssk.) Chiov. , Setaria decipiens Schimp. Ex Morariu ): It is widespread in Eurasia , North America and elsewhere in the subtropics.
- Setaria verticilliformis Dumort.
- Setaria villosissima (Scribn. & Merr.) K.Schum.
- Green millet ( Setaria viridis (L.) P.Beauv. , Syn .: Setaria arenaria Kitag. ): It is widespread in North Africa and Eurasia and a neophyte in the New World and Australia.
- Setaria vulpiseta (Lam.) Roem. & Schult.
- Setaria welwitschii Rendle
- Setaria yunnanensis Keng f. & KDYu
swell
- Setaria. 2010 In: WD Clayton, K. T Harman, H. Williamson: GrassBase - The Online World Grass Flora. from 2006 continuously updated, accessed May 1, 2011 (sections description, species and distribution)
literature
- Monika Voggesberger: Setaria Beauv. 1812. In: Oskar Sebald, Siegmund Seybold, Georg Philippi, Arno Wörz (eds.): The fern and flowering plants of Baden-Württemberg . tape 7 : Special part (Spermatophyta, subclasses Alismatidae, Liliidae part 1, Commelinidae part 1): Butomaceae to Poaceae . Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 1998, ISBN 3-8001-3316-4 , pp. 221-229 .
- Shou-liang Chen, Sylvia M. Phillips: Setaria. In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven, Deyuan Hong (Eds.): Flora of China . Volume 22: Poaceae . Science Press / Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing / St. Louis 2006, ISBN 1-930723-50-4 , pp. 531 (English, online ). (Sections Description and Distribution)
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax Rafaël Govaerts (ed.): Setaria. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved September 10, 2018.
- ^ A b Setaria in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved December 21, 2014.
- ^ William Derek Clayton: Setaria Beauv. In: TG Tutin, VH Heywood, NA Burges, DM Moore, DH Valentine, SM Walters, DA Webb (eds.): Flora Europaea . Volume 5: Alismataceae to Orchidaceae (Monocotyledones) . Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1980, ISBN 0-521-20108-X , pp. 263–264 (English, limited preview in Google Book Search).
- ↑ a b Benito Valdés, Hildemar Scholz; Eckhard von Raab-Straube, Gerald Parolly (collaborators): Poaceae (pro parte majore). Setaria. In: Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity. Berlin 2009. Last accessed on December 21, 2014.
- ↑ a b c d e Rolf Wisskirchen, Henning Haeupler: Standard list of fern and flowering plants in Germany. With chromosome atlas . Ed .: Federal Agency for Nature Conservation (= The fern and flowering plants of Germany . Volume 1 ). Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 1998, ISBN 3-8001-3360-1 , p. 473-474 .
- ^ A b Karl Peter Buttler, Michael Thieme and colleagues: Florenliste von Deutschland - Vascular Plants, Version 6. Frankfurt am Main, August 2014, published on the Internet under [1] . Last accessed on December 21, 2014.
- ↑ a b c Walter Erhardt , Erich Götz, Nils Bödeker, Siegmund Seybold: The great pikeperch. Encyclopedia of Plant Names. Volume 2. Types and varieties. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2008, ISBN 978-3-8001-5406-7 , pp. 1742-1743.