Xigazê

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Tibetan name
Tibetan script :
གཞིས་ ཀ་ རྩེ་
Wylie transliteration :
gzhis ka rtse
Pronunciation in IPA :
[ ɕìːkəʦe ]
Official transcription of the PRCh :
Xigazê
THDL transcription :
Zhikatsé
Other spellings:
Shigatse, Shikatse, Schigatse, Schigatze, Digardschi, Dschigatzi etc.
Chinese name
Traditional :
日喀則
Simplified :
日喀则
Pinyin :
Rìkāzé
View of Xigazê

Xigazê (Shigatse) has been the second prefecture-level city in the Tibet Autonomous Region of the People's Republic of China since June 26, 2014, alongside Lhasa . It emerged from the former administrative district of Xigazê.

designation

Location of the city of Xigazê (yellow) in Tibet (light gray)

Xigazê essentially depicts the space that made up the cultural province or region of Tsang (Tib .: gtsang ) in traditional Tibet . The Chinese name for the Tibetans in general is derived from this name: "Zang". Together with the central cultural province Ü (tib .: dbus ) around the capital Lhasa, 'Wusi-Zang' ( Hanyu Pinyin for tib .: dbus gtsang ) or later 'Wei-Zang' (for Ü- Tsang ) referred to central Tibet. The different pronunciations reflect sound shifts that have taken place in Tibetan over the past 600 years. The term 'Zang' has remained both for Tibetans in general and for western central Tibet, which is administered from Xigazê. The Chinese term Xizang, derived from it, is valid for the autonomous region of Tibet .

geography

The city of Xigazê is located in the southwest of the Tibet Autonomous Region in the People's Republic of China . Its seat of government is in the district of Samzhubzê .

With 17 districts and a city district, Xigazê has an area of ​​approx. 176,000 km² and 703,292 inhabitants (2010 census).

In Xigazê, agriculture is possible , especially in the valleys around the main river Yarlung Zangbo (Yarlung Tsangpo). Mainly highland barley and wheat , but also potatoes and rapeseed are grown there. In large areas in the north and west of the city, only nomadic grazing can provide a livelihood, with mainly yaks being kept , but also sheep and goats in drier zones in the west. Traditionally, trade in the centers of the region, Samzhubzê and Gyangzê , played a major role.

Trashilhünpo Monastery

In the west of the city lies the large monastery complex of Trashilhünpo , which was destroyed during the Cultural Revolution and slowly rebuilt from the 1980s onwards.

Administrative division of the city of Xigazê

At the district level, Xigazê is made up of a city ​​district and 17 districts . These are:

Surname Tibetan Wylie Chinese Pinyin
Samzhubzê municipality བསམ་ འགྲུབ་ རྩེ་ ཆུས ། bsam 'grub rtse 桑 珠 孜 区 Sāngzhūzī Qū
circle Namling རྣམ་ གླིང་ རྫོང་ rnam gling rdzong 南 木林 县 Nánmùlín Xiàn
Gyangzê County རྒྱལ་ རྩེ་ རྫོང་ rgyal rtse rdzong 江孜 县 Jiāngzī Xiàn
Tingri County དིང་ རི་ རྫོང་ ding ri rdzong 定日 县 Dìngrì Xiàn
Sa'gya County ས་ སྐྱ་ རྫོང་ sa skya rdzong 萨迦 县 Sàjiā Xiàn
Lhazê County ལྷ་ རྩེ་ རྫོང་ lha rtse rdzong 拉孜 县 Lāzī Xiàn
Ngamring Circle ངམ་ རིང་ རྫོང་ ngam ring rdzong 昂 仁 县 Ángrén Xiàn
circle xaitongmoin county བཞད་ མཐོང་ སྨོན་ རྫོང་ bzhad mthong smon rdzong 谢 通 门 县 Xiètōngmén Xiàn
Bainang County པ་ སྣམ་ རྫོང་ pa snam rdzong 白朗 县 Báilǎng Xiàn
Circle rinbung རིན་ སྤུངས་ རྫོང་ rin spungs rdzong 仁 布 县 Rénbù Xiàn
circle Kangmar ཁང་ དམར་ རྫོང་ khang dmar rdzong 康马 县 Kāngmǎ Xiàn
Dinggyê County གདིང་ སྐྱེས་ རྫོང་ gding skyes rdzong 定 结 县 Dìngjié Xiàn
circle Zhongba འབྲོང་ པ་ རྫོང་ 'brong pa rdzong 仲巴 县 Zhòngbā Xiàn
Yadong County གྲོ་ མོ་ རྫོང་ gro mo rdzong 亚东 县 Yàdōng Xiàn
circle Gyirong སྐྱིད་ གྲོང་ རྫོང་ skyid grong rdzong 吉隆 县 Jílóng Xiàn
Nyalam County གཉའ་ ལམ་ རྫོང་ gnya 'lam rdzong 聂拉木 县 Nièlāmù Xiàn
Circle saga ས་ དགའ་ རྫོང་ sa dga 'rdzong 萨嘎 县 Sàgà Xiàn
Gamba district གམ་ པ་ རྫོང་ gam pa rdzong 岗 巴 县 Gǎngbā Xiàn

traffic

The extension of the Lhasa Railway from Lhasa to Xigazê has been in operation since August 15, 2014. It has the name Lhasa-Xigazê-Bahn or Lari-Bahn for short (abbreviation : 拉 日 铁路; Pinyin: Lārì Tiělù; Tibetan: lha gzhis lcags lam ལྷ་ གཞིས་ ལྕགས་ ལམ་). The train travels through 29 tunnels, including a 10,410 meter long tunnel at an altitude of 3,850 meters. Due to its height, the Chinese media also call the railway line the sky path (天 路 Tiānlù).

literature

  • Xú Píng 徐 平: Rìkāzé日喀则 (Beijing, Wǔzhōu chuánbō chūbǎnshè 五洲 传播 出版社 2000), ISBN 7-80113-396-X .

Web links

Commons : Xigazê  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Footnotes

  1. ↑ z. B. in Melvyn C. Goldstein : A History of Modern Tibet. The Calm Before the Storm. 1951-1955 , 2007.
  2. ↑ z. B. in H. A. Jäschke : A Tibetan-English Dictionary , 1882 and in Nicolas Tournadre, Sangda Dorje: Manual of Standard Tibetan. Language and Civilization , 2003, p. 475.
  3. ↑ z. B. in Sven Hedin : Transhimalaya , 1909.
  4. ↑ z. B. in H. F. Hackmann: Der Buddhismus , 1906.
  5. ↑ z. B. in Meyers Konversations-Lexikon , 1897.
  6. ↑ z. B. Pierer's Universal Lexicon of the Past and Present , 1857.

Coordinates: 29 ° 16 '  N , 88 ° 53'  E