Sickle-leaved milkweed

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Sickle-leaved milkweed
Sickle-leaved Spurge (Euphorbia falcata)

Sickle-leaved Spurge ( Euphorbia falcata )

Systematics
Rosids
Eurosiden I
Order : Malpighiales (Malpighiales)
Family : Spurge Family (Euphorbiaceae)
Genre : Spurge ( Euphorbia )
Type : Sickle-leaved milkweed
Scientific name
Euphorbia falcata
L.

The sickle-leaved spurge or sickle-spurge ( Euphorbia falcata ) is a species of the genus spurge ( Euphorbia ) within the family of the milkweed family (Euphorbiaceae).

description

The blue-green covering leaves are triangular-ovate and clearly pointed.
Cyathium with two-horned, greenish-yellow nectar glands.
Pleiochasium (bottom view)
The fruits are smooth and bare.
The seeds are transversely furrowed and square in cross section.
illustration

Vegetative characteristics

The sickle-leaved milkweed is an annual herbaceous plant and reaches heights of 8 to 20 or 40 centimeters. The above-ground parts of the plant are bluish-green. The stems are erect to ascending. The alternately arranged leaves are sitting. The leaf blade is about 5 millimeters wide, lanceolate, more or less sickle-shaped with a spike tip. Stipules are always missing.

Generative characteristics

The flowering period extends from June to October. The terminal, sheindold-like inflorescence consists of three to five rays. The free and not overgrown bracts are ovate to triangular, as long as they are wide and have a finely serrated leaf margin; their upper end is pointed or prickly with a tip 0.5 to 1 millimeter long. The nectar glands are crescent-shaped or two-horned and have a yellowish-green shape.

The capsule fruit is smooth and has no wings. The seeds are wrinkled or pitted, square in cross section.

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 16 or 36.

ecology

The pollination is effected by Hymenoptera (Diptera).

Herbarium evidence

Occurrence

The sickle-leaved milkweed is common in Europe and Western Asia. It is a meridional to temperate, sub-oceanic floral element . In Central Europe, the sickle-leaved milkweed is an archaeophyte . In Germany it is threatened with extinction nationwide. In Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania and Bavaria it occurs only inconsistently, in Saxony-Anhalt and Rhineland-Palatinate it is considered extinct, in Baden-Württemberg and Hesse as threatened with extinction, in Thuringia as critically endangered. It does not occur in the other federal states. It occurs scattered in Austria and has been recorded for Burgenland , Vienna, Lower and Upper Austria , and inconsistent in Styria , Carinthia and Salzburg . It died out in South Tyrol. In Switzerland it is considered a native plant and endangered nationwide. It is extinct in the Valais and the eastern central Alps , in the Jura as critically endangered, in the other regions as critically endangered.

It grows on cereal fields and ruderal sites on nutrient-rich soils and rises to the submontane altitude . In the plant-sociological system it is a class of character of the Secalietea (Segetal weed communities).

Systematics

The scientific name Euphorbia falcata was first published in 1753 by Carl von Linné in Species Plantarum . After the original type document turned out to be identical to Euphorbia terracina L. , the name was proposed for conservation in 1993 with a new type. This proposal was approved by a majority of the 1995 Nomenclature Commission.

Depending on the author, Euphorbia falcata L. nom. cons. Differentiate between subspecies and varieties:

  • Euphorbia falcata L. subsp. falcata (Syn .: Euphorbia acuminata Lam. , Euphorbia mucronata Lam. , Euphorbia rubra Cav. , Euphorbia obscura Loisel. , Euphorbia arvensis kit. , Euphorbia arvensis Schleich. ex Steud. , Euphorbia rugosa kit. nom. nud., Euphorbia arenaria Willd . ex Ledeb. nom. illeg., Euphorbia nervosa Kit. , Euphorbia caudata Boiss. & Hausskn. , Euphorbia erythrosperma A.Kern. , Euphorbia caesaraugustana Willk. & Lange nom. nud., Euphorbia purpurascens Deysson nom. illeg., Euphorbia palatinata F.Zimm. Nom. Nud., Euphorbia pseudograeca Grossh. , Euphorbia tatianae Fed. , Euphorbia falcata subsp. Rubra (Cav.) Mateo & Figuerola ): It is widespread from Macaronesia across the Mediterranean to Europe and from the western Himalayas to Mongolia .
  • Euphorbia falcata var. Galilee (Boiss.) Boiss. : It occurs in Turkey , Syria , Lebanon , Israel and the Caucasus .
  • Euphorbia falcata subsp. macrostegia (Bornm.) O.Schwarz : It occurs in Cyprus and in western Turkey.

supporting documents

literature

  • Manfred A. Fischer, Karl Oswald, Wolfgang Adler: Excursion flora for Austria, Liechtenstein and South Tyrol . 3rd, improved edition. State of Upper Austria, Biology Center of the Upper Austrian State Museums, Linz 2008, ISBN 978-3-85474-187-9 .
  • Rudolf Schubert , Klaus Werner, Hermann Meusel (eds.): Excursion flora for the areas of the GDR and the FRG . Founded by Werner Rothmaler. 13th edition. tape 2 : vascular plants . People and knowledge, Berlin 1987, ISBN 3-06-012539-2 .
  • Siegmund Seybold (Ed.): Schmeil-Fitschen interactive . CD-ROM, version 1.1. Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2002, ISBN 3-494-01327-6 .

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas. 8th edition. Verlag Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 . Page 639.
  2. ↑ Euphorbia falcata L., nom. cons. prop., sickle milkweed. In: FloraWeb.de. , accessed June 16, 2008.
  3. ^ A b Manfred A. Fischer, Karl Oswald, Wolfgang Adler: Excursion flora for Austria, Liechtenstein and South Tyrol . 3rd, improved edition. State of Upper Austria, Biology Center of the Upper Austrian State Museums, Linz 2008, ISBN 978-3-85474-187-9 .
  4. ^ D. Moser, A. Gygax, B. Bäumler, N. Wyler, R. Palese: Red list of endangered species in Switzerland: fern and flowering plants . Federal Office for the Environment, Forests and Landscape, Bern; Center of the data network of the Swiss flora, Chambésy; Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques de la Ville de Genève, Chambésy, 2002, p. 62 ( page no longer available , search in web archives: PDF file (1194 kB) ; online at Info Flora ).@1@ 2Template: Dead Link / www.bafu.admin.ch
  5. ↑ Carl von Linné: Species Plantarum. Volume 1, Lars Salvius, Stockholm 1753, p. 456 ( digitized versionhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3Dhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.biodiversitylibrary.org%2Fopenurl%3Fpid%3Dtitle%3A669%26volume%3D1%26issue%3D%26spage%3D456%26date%3D1753~GB%3D~ IA% 3D ~ MDZ% 3D% 0A ~ SZ% 3D ~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D ).
  6. ^ Julian Molero Briones: (1073) Proposal to conserve Euphorbia falcata L. (Euphorbiaceae) with a conserved type. In: Taxon. Volume 42, No. 3, 1993, pp. 715-717, JSTOR 1222556 .
  7. ^ RK Brummitt: Report of the Committee for Spermatophyta. 43. In: Taxon. Volume 44, No. 4, 1995, pp. 607-612 (here: p. 610), JSTOR 1223505 .
  8. ↑ a b c d Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Euphorbia falcata. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved December 3, 2015.

Web links

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